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The article emphasizes the need for expanding the differential sets used in race typing experiments for plant pathologists to provide valuable information to plant breeders. Specifically focusing on stripe rust, a fungal disease that affects wheat crops, the article explains how the pathogen evolves and gains virulence over time, necessitating the continuous introgression of resistance from different sources. The article also highlights the importance of including relevant differential genotypes in race typing experiments to support the development of resistant cultivars. Additionally, the document provides a list of wheat cultivars and their corresponding resistance genes to stripe rust, along with discussing the significance of standardizing race typing conditions for more accurate and comparable results in studying the population dynamics of the stripe rust pathogen in North America. [Extracted from the article]

T1 and T2 were cultured in a multiplication medium (MM) for cassava shoot tips (Medina et al., [19]), whereas T3 was cultured in a plant regeneration medium specific for cassava shoot apical meristems (Collavino et al., [6]). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CsCMV infecting meristematic cells of cassava plants and shows that in vitro culture of meristems does not always lead to complete virus eradication. 10 Faccioli, G. & Colombarini, A. (1996) Correlation of potato virus S and virus M contents of potato meristem tips with the percentage of virus-free plantlets produced in vitro. (2010) Tobacco ringspot virus persists in the shoot apical meristem but not in the root apical meristem of infected tobacco. [Extracted from the article]

APPENDIX Protocol for mechanical inoculation of test plants Buffers and chemicals Standard phosphate buffers can be used for inoculation of most viruses and plant species. B Specific scope: b This Standard describes how to perform mechanical inoculation of test plants for detection, propagation and characterisation of plant viruses and viroids. In the past, mechanical inoculation was also used for virus identification, by selecting test plants that could produce a characteristic/specific symptom profile for the virus isolate. [Extracted from the article]

Journal of Plant Pathology 87, 45 - 51. 25 Felix MR & Clara MIE (2002) Two necrovirus isolates with properties of olive latent virus 1 and tobacco necrosis virus from olive in Portugal. Scientific opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus and Tomato black ring virus to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. B Specific scope: b This Standard describes the production of certified pathogen-tested olive trees and rootstocks. 42 Mathioudakis MM, Saponari M, Hasiowjaroszewska B, Elbeaino T & Koubouris G (2020) Detection of viruses in olive cultivars in Greece, using a rapid and effective RNA extraction method, for certification of virus-tested propagation material. [Extracted from the article]

The approximately 2-Mb MoT mini-chromosome lacks house-keeping genes, and 52.8% of its sequences are transposons, a significant enrichment similar to what has been reported in lineage-specific chromosomes in the I Fusarium oxysporum i species complex [[5]]. Interestingly, though these two effectors are located on separate chromosomes in MoO, I PWL2 i and I BAS1 i are physically linked in the mini-chromosome of MoT, indicating the shuffling of effector genes. The enrichment and shuffling of effector genes on mini-chromosomes might have provided a reservoir of retained effector genes at the pathogen population level and promoted documented effector gene mobility through movement to new locations in core chromosome ends [[8]]. [Extracted from the article]

The authors convey their response to a feedback about their report on the selective transport and role of silicon in plants. Topics mentioned include the role of silicic acid as an intracellular signaling agent, the differences between the mechanical barrier hypothesis and the apoplastic obstruction hypothesis, and the existence of a synergistic mechanical protection by callose and silica against pathogens in horsetail.

The article offers the author's experience in science, particularly in the molecular plant science. The author talks about the four topics to which he has made a minor contribution. He shares his experience of how he often fumbled his way through research. Also tackled is his realization that investigation is never a direct path but a road full of obstacles.

As sessile organisms that are unable to escape from inhospitable environments, plants are at the mercy of the elements. Nonetheless, plants have managed to adapt, evolve and survive in some of the harshest conditions on earth. The FEBS Workshop ‘Adaptation Potential in Plants’, held at the Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna, Austria from 19 to 21 March 2009, provided a forum (including 18 invited talks, 8 selected short talks and 69 posters) for about 100 plant biologists from 32 countries, working in the diverse fields of genetics, epigenetics, stress signalling, and growth and development, to come together and discuss adaptation potential in plants at all its levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of wheat and related cereals, causing both a leaf and glume blotch. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of taxonomy, control and pathogenicity of this species. Taxonomy: Stagonospora (syn. Septoria) nodorum (Berk.) Castell. and Germano [teleomorph: Phaeosphaeria (syn. Leptosphaeria) nodorum (Müll.) Hedjar.], kingdom Fungi, phylum Ascomycota, subphylum Euascomycota, class Dothideomycetes, order Pleosporales, family Phaeosphaeriaceae, genus Phaeosphaeria, species nodorum. Host range: Wheat, Triticum aestivum, T. durum, Triticale, are the main hosts but other cereals and wild grasses have been reported to harbour S. nodorum. Disease symptoms are lens-shaped necrotic lesions on leaves, girdling necrosis on stems (especially the nodes, hence ‘ nodorum’) and lesions on glumes. Mature lesions produce pycnidia scattered throughout the lesions, especially as tissue senesces. Useful websites: (taxonomic information), (disease information),  (ACNFP homepage), (genome sequence homepage), (genome sequence annotation and analysis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features Brian Staskawicz, recipient of the Noel T. Keen Award for Research Excellence in Molecular Plant Pathology. Birth in Boston, Massachusetts; Collaboration between Staskawicz and Keen on pioneering contributions to studies on plant resistance to pathogens; Cloning of the first avr gene from Pseudomonas; Membership in the American Phytopathology Society and the American Society for Microbiology.