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Introducción y objetivos: El género Anadenanthera está representado en Argentina por una única especie, A. colubrina, con dos variedades, var. cebil y var. colubrina. Estas variedades pueden ser claramente diferenciadas por el patrón de venación de los folíolos. En este trabajo se describe una tercera variedad, var. glabra, circunscripta por una combinación de caracteres de sus hojas y corteza. M&M: Se estudiaron especímenes de CTES y MCNS, y se realizaron observaciones de campo en ambientes naturales de Argentina. Los especímenes se analizaron morfológicamente con microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Resultados: La nueva variedad glabra se distingue de las variedades cebil y colubrina por sus tallos sin mamelones, hojas con raquis glabro sobre ambas superficies o únicamente sobre la superficie abaxial, y los folíolos con una venación compleja, reticulada y cerrada. Se provee una ilustración, fotografías, un cuadro morfológico comparativo, una clave para diferenciar las variedades y un mapa de distribución. Conclusiones: Las tres variedades de Anadenanthera colubrina, var. cebil, var. colubrina y var. glabra, habitan los Bosques Secos Estacionales del norte de Argentina, mostrando la nueva variedad una distribución restringida hacia la región nororiental del país.

Herbicides are a key element in agriculture but they do cause environmental problems and natural alternatives are being sought. In this context, invasive plants could provide an as yet unexplored source for the development of future herbicides. Urochloa humidicola has great invasive potential in Brazilian environments as it hampers the establishment of other plants. The phytotoxicity of U. humidicola root extracts has been evaluated, and the major components have been identified. The phytotoxicity of the extract was assessed in the wheat coleoptile assay on seeds of troublesome weeds and on Anadenanthera colubrina, a tree species used in ecological restoration programs. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity, and the most affected weeds were E. crus-galli, M. maximus, and A. viridis with the latter weed more affected by the extract than by the herbicide Logran. Microscopic ultrastructural analysis of A. colubrina roots indicated possible signals of cell death. Seven compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract of which one diterpene and four saponins are new. Six of these compounds were tested in the wheat coleoptile bioassay. The most active were diterpene 1 and saponins 2, 3, and 6. The phytotoxic activity of U. humidicola explains the issues observed in ecological restoration with A. colubrina in the presence of Urochloa species, and its effect on weeds reinforces its potential use in agriculture.

Wood-boring beetles develop in live trees and dead wood, performing ecological services such as decomposition and regulation of forest resources. Species of the Cerambycidae family, widely distributed in the world, bore into the trunks of trees and dead wood in native and cultivated areas. The objective is to report the first host plant for Thoracibidion lineatocolle (Thomson, 1865) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and a new host plant for Temnopis megacephala (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Three logs, with one-meter-long by 20 cm in diameter, were cut from the trunk of a healthy Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae) tree in October 2013 and tied in the understory at 1.5m high in the Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The logs, exposed in the forest, were each removed after 40, 80 and 120 days and stored individually in a cardboard box in the “Laboratório de Campo do Projeto de Ecologia de Longa Duração (PELD-CNPq)” in the Rio Doce State Park. A total of 94 individuals of T. lineatocolle and 228 of T. megacephala emerged from the A. colubrina logs. This is the first report of a host plant for T. lineatocolle and a new host plant for T. megacephala. Resumo Besouros broqueadores se desenvolvem em árvores vivas e madeira morta, realizando serviços ecológicos como decomposição e regulação de recursos da floresta. Espécies da família Cerambycidae, amplamente distribuídas no mundo, perfuram o caule de árvores e madeira morta em áreas nativas e cultivadas. O objetivo é relatar a primeira planta hospedeira de Thoracibidion lineatocolle (Thomson, 1865) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) e uma nova planta hospedeira para Temnopis megacephala (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) no bioma da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Três toras, com um metro de comprimento por 20 cm de diâmetro, foram cortadas de uma árvore sadia de Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae) em outubro de 2013 e amarradas no sub-bosque a 1,5m de altura no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As toras, expostas na floresta, foram removidas, cada uma, após 40, 80 e 120 dias e armazenadas, individualmente, em caixas de papelão no “Laboratório de Campo do Projeto de Ecologia de Longa Duração (PELD-CNPq)” no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce. Um total de 94 indivíduos de T. lineatocolle e 228 de T. megacephala emergiu das toras de A. colubrina. Esse é o primeiro registro de uma planta hospedeira para T. lineatocolle e o de uma nova planta hospedeira para T. megacephala.

Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) is a widely-distributed tree in seasonally dry tropical forests of South America that was classified previously as lacking nectaries. However, some studies have stated that its flowers produce nectar, while others analyzed the composition of unifloral honey produced from A. colubrina flowers, raising the question about nectar production in the species. We studied the pollination and reproductive biology of A. colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul in a natural population in the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil. Reproductive phenology, sexual system, floral biology, resource, and pollinators were investigated. We analyzed the breeding system through controlled pollinations for addressing its dependence on pollen vectors for reproduction. Anadenanthera colubrina flowered in the dry season, flower heads are heteromorphic, with staminate flowers at the base and perfect flowers at the apex of the inflorescence, characterizing andromonoecy. Anthesis is diurnal. We observed small drops of nectar at the apex of the petals of some flowers per inflorescence. Together with observations on flower visitor behavior and histochemical tests, we propose that A. colubrina produces floral nectar at the apex of the corolla, characterizing a substitutive nectary (sensu Vogel). This is the first record of substitutive nectary in the Mimosoideae and the first record of andromonoecy in the genus. Bees were the main pollinators (higher frequency), although other insects such as wasps, butterflies, and small beetles were also observed collecting nectar and/or pollen. The species is self-incompatible, thus depending on insect pollen vectors, mainly bees, for reproduction.

The variation in water availability can cause oxidative stress in plant species, which respond by producing antioxidants. Phenolic compounds are among the primary substances responsible for antioxidant activities. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate whether rainfall in a dry forest in Brazil affects the antioxidant activity and the major phenolic compounds in the stem bark of Anadenanthera colubrina, an economically important species from the semi-arid region of Brazil. Monthly samplings were performed over one year for the analysis of free radical sequestration by the DPPH method and for the identification and quantification of major phenolic compounds by HPLC. These data were correlated with each other and with the monthly rainfall. Three major phenolic compounds were identified, one of which was hyperin. The stem bark was highly capable of scavenging free radicals. The antioxidant activity and the production of the three compounds only slightly varied during the year, despite the significant differences among a few of the months studied. These differences are apparently unrelated to rainfall. No correlation was found between the major compounds and free radical scavenging. Our results suggest that rainfall was not the environmental factor responsible for monthly differences in the antioxidant activity of and concentrations of major phenolic compounds in the bark of A. colubrina.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento e sobrevivência de sete espécies arbóreas nativas em diferentes tratamentos, em uma área degradada na Reserva da COPASA (Juramento, MG). Para tal, foram utilizados aproximadamente 1,2 ha da área, onde foram plantadas 899 mudas, de sete espécies nativas (Anadenanthera colubrina, Copaifera langsdorffii, Dilodendron bipinatum, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Pterogyne nitens, Schinopsis brasiliensis e Senegalia polyphylla), acompanhadas durante 24 meses. A área foi dividida em cinco parcelas de 0,24 ha, que representaram os seguintes tratamentos: (T1) parcela semeada com capim (Brachiaria sp.); (T2) parcela onde as covas foram tratadas com condicionador de solo; (T3) parcela semeada com capim consorciado com leguminosa (Cajanus cajan); (T4) parcela semeada com leguminosa; e (T5) controle. A porcentagem de mortalidade foi maior no T2 e menor no T3, sendo as espécies C. langsdorffii (43,66%) e S. brasiliensis (11,64%) aquelas com maior e menor porcentagem de mortalidade, respectivamente. O crescimento (altura e diâmetro) das mudas foi maior no T2 (24,32 ± 26,05 cm e 0,51 ± 0,37 mm, respectivamente) e menor no T1 (10,82 ± 22,57 cm e 0,26 ± 0,27 mm; respectivamente). As espécies com maior crescimento em altura foram A. colubrina e S. polyphylla, já D. bipinatum e S. brasiliensis apresentaram maior crescimento em diâmetro. Pterogyne nitens apresentou o menor crescimento, além de alta mortalidade, mostrando baixa capacidade de estabelecimento em ambientes degradados.

The palynological characterization of 157 honey samples from three northwesternregions of Argentina (Prepuna, Yungas and Chaco) are presented todetermine their botanical origin and species associations to be able to definetheir geographic origin. Samples were harvested during 2003-2011 andprocessed by means of melissopalynological conventional techniques. Onehundred and nine pollen types were identified. Representative pollen types witha frequency of occurrence greater than 50% in descending order of importanceare: Salix humboldtiana, Allophylus edulis, Baccharis sp., Solanaceae,Eucalyptus sp., Schinus sp., Brassicaceae, Papilionoideae, Celtis sp.,Scutia/Condalia type y Parapiptadenia excelsa. The most important monofloralhoneys are from the following: Salix humboldtiana, Scutia/Condalia type,Allophylus edulis, Baccharis sp., Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Gleditsiaamorphoides, Myrtaceae, Sicyos sp., Ziziphus mistol, Schinopsis type,Agonandra excelsa, Anadenathera colubrina var cebil, Mimosa debilis all ofthem native species and among introduced species: Eucalyptus sp., Citrus sp.and Tithonia sp. Three apicultural zones and their corresponding association ofspecies indicators were determined: Zone I: Prepuna: Caesalpinia trichocarpa,Prosopis ferox, Schinus areira, Baccharis sp., Buddleja sp. and Mutisieae. ZoneII: Yungas: Myrtaceae, Parapiptadenia excelsa, Baccharis sp., Salixhumboldtiana, Allophylus edulis, Scutia/Condalia type y Zanthoxylum coco.Zone III: Transitional area Yungas-Chaco: Prosopis sp. Salix humboldtiana,Schinus sp., Anadenanthera colubrina var cebil y Allophylus edulis. Fil: Sánchez, Ana Carina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET - Salta. San Salvador de Jujuy; Argentina Fil: Lupo, Liliana Concepcion. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET - Salta. San Salvador de Jujuy; Argentina

The patterns of relationships between species of Opuntia from southern South America are scarcely known in spite of the importance of this region as a diversification center for the Cactaceae. This paper contributes to the better understanding of the genetic and phylogenetic relationships of 15 Opuntia species from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay by generating new genetic data through Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) genotyping and the sequencing of plastid intergenic spacers trnL-trnF and psbJ-petA. The species surveyed are: O. anacantha, O. arechavaletae, O. aurantiaca, O. bonaerensis, O. colubrina, O. discolor, O. elata, O. megapotamica, O. monacantha, O. penicilligera, O. quimilo, O. salmiana, O. schickendantzii, O. sulphurea, and O. ventanensis. The genetic distance-based analysis of 110 ISSR bands, applying the Neighbor-Joining and NeighborNet algorithms, evidenced considerable intraspecific variation in O. aurantiaca, O. elata, O. discolor, and O. salmiana. The emergent clustering pattern and the species assignment to taxonomic series show a general agreement for Armatae and Aurantiacae. The phylogenetic relationships were investigated via haplotype network and maximum likelihood approaches, within a broader sampling that involves most species currently accepted for South America, and samples from throughout the American continent. Hence, 15 haplotypes are recognized for southern South American opuntias whereas eight haplotypes are established for Northern Hemisphere opuntias. Biparentally and maternally inherited genetic data yield partially consistent results, giving genetic support for morphologically defined taxonomic series. Fil: Realini, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: González, Graciela Esther. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Font, Fabiana Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina Fil: Picca, Pablo Ignacio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Poggio, Lidia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina

This study evaluates the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and phytochemical constituents of leaves and fruits of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil. the hemolytic action of active fractions was also checked. After a liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extracts, the following fractions were obtained: cyclohexane (CFL), ethyl acetate (EAFL), n-butanol (NBFL) and aqueous fractions (AFL) from leaves; and cyclohexane (CFF), ethyl acetate (EAFF), n-butanol (NBFF) and aqueous fractions from fruits (AFF). The antimicrobial action of these samples was evaluated by microdilution assay against seven clinical isolates of S. aureus and the standard strain. Finally, the hemolytic activity of active fractions was checked. Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of triterpene, carbohydrate (leaves); flavonoids and tannin (fruit and leaves). All samples showed anti-S. aureus action and the most active fractions were EAL and EAF. The MIC ranged from 0.78125 to 6.25 mg/mL (EAFL) and 0.390625 to 1.5625 mg/mL (EAFL). Both fractions showed low toxicity since the HC50 values were greater than MIC50 values: the ratio MIC50/HC50 for EAFL was 3.68 and 11.61 for EAFF. Our work shows that A. colubrina is a potential source of anti-S. aureus molecules, their isolation and characterization are target of new research of our group. Key words: Anadenanthera colubrina, caatinga, antimicrobial activity, hemolytic activity.

Previous studies have shown a nonrandom pattern of ovule fate probabilities according to ovule position in legume pods. Here, we tested how ovule position within the pods of two Fabaceae affects its fate. We expected higher proportion of well-formed seeds near the fruit tips and of unfertilized and aborted ovules near fruit bases. We collected pods of Poincianella pyramidalis and Anandenanthera colubrina in a seasonal dry forest in northeastern Brazil and recorded total pod length and ovule number, position, and fate (unfertilized, well formed, aborted, and predated). The proportion of well-formed ovules at fruit tips was significantly higher than at fruit bases in P. pyramidalis. The opposite pattern was found for unfertilized and aborted ovules, thus corroborating our hypothesis. However, the probability of seed predation in A. colubrina was significantly higher in pod tips, thus providing moderate support for our hypotheses. Interspecific differences in the patterns of ovule fate are likely to be driven by species pollination systems.

We investigated wood samples of five Anadenanthera colubrina trees, aiming to study radial variation of anatomy and basic density. The trees were cut from "lote 5 do Rodoanel trecho sul" in Embu municipality, State of Sao Paulo, where vegetation is classified as Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest and climate is classified as Cwa. We cut discs from the diameter at breast height - DBH, and then cut samples from pith-to-bark to anatomical and basic density analysis. The results suggest that Anadenanthera colubrina has a very common anatomical and basic density radial variation pattern from pith-to-bark between hardwoods with an increase in vessel diameter favoring hydraulic conductivity, fiber wall thickness and length, ray height and width, and basic density. While the negative relationship between vessel diameter and frequency is well reported for many species, it has not been observed in A. colubrina because vessel frequency oscillates radially. This typical radial pattern also occurs in other native species in planting conditions, already demonstrated by our group in other studies, obviously with some changes depending on species.

Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul is a tree species in South America important for its cultural, economic, and medicinal uses. In addition, it represents a trace in memory of the forests that have decreased over the years and for this reason it is not only interesting to study but also important to preserve the tree species for future generations. In this paper, we have characterized the genetic diversity of four populations. We collected seeds from four different sites: San Bernardo (B), El Cebilar (C), Metán (M), and El Gallinato (G) in Salta Province, North Argentina. We then compared the intergenic transcribed sequences of ribosomal DNA, a known genetic molecular marker. Our previous results, obtained through the morphological and genetic analysis of only four individuals (one for each zone), have showed that the individuals from B and M sites were more similar to each other as well as the individuals from G and C sites. In this paper, a larger number of individuals (25) were characterized and their phylogenetic relationships were computed. The results confirmed the previously found similarities.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a infecção micorrízica e indicadores de qualidade das mudas de Calophyllum brasiliense e Anandenanthera colubrina var. cebil procedentes do Bioma Pantanal, desenvolvidas em substrato não fumigado e sob inoculação combinada com Glomus clarum (Gc) + Gigaspora margarita (Gm). Mudas das duas espécies produzidas em condições de viveiro foram aleatoriamente selecionadas e avaliadas quanto a parâmetros de qualidade morfológica, percentual, intensidade e morfologia da colonização micorrízica de raízes finas. Concluiu-se que, sob as condições de estudo, a inoculação com Gc + Gm promove mudanças no percentual, na intensidade (A. colubrina var. cebil) ou na morfologia (C. brasiliense) da infecção radicular, quando comparadas com mudas não-inoculadas. Incremento em parâmetros de qualidade das mudas foi observado em C. brasiliense sob inoculação combinada (Gc + Gm), apontando o potencial de uso de fungos micorrízicos na produção desta espécie. Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-12T10:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pfb9.pdf: 1896266 bytes, checksum: c02f09e2239fc38872ad4ab0e1d98c3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10

The bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan were characterized in relation to anatomical and chemical features. The barks were similar and included a thin conducting phloem, a largely dilated and sclerified non-conducting phloem, and a rhyridome with periderms with thin phellem interspersed by cortical tissues. Only small differences between species were observed that cannot be used alone for taxonomic purposes. The summative chemical composition of A. peregrina and A. colubrina was respectively: 8.2% and 7.7% ash; 28.8% and 29.3% extractives; 2.4% and 2.6% suberin; and 18.9% lignin. The monosaccharide composition showed the predominance of glucose (on average 82% of total neutral sugars) and of xylose (9%). The ethanol-water extracts of A. peregrina and A. colubrina barks included a high content of phenolics, respectively: total phenolics 583 and 682 mg GAE/g extract; 148 and 445 mg CE/g extract; tannins 587 and 98 mg CE/g extract. The antioxidant activity was 238 and 269 mg Trolox/g extract. The barks of the Anadenanthera species are a potential source of polar extractives that will represent an important valorization and therefore contribute to improve the overall economic potential and sustainability of A. peregrina and A. colubrina info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Se confirma la presencia de Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina para la flora argentina. Esta variedad puede ser distinguida por tres caracteres morfológicos: la estructura de la inflorescencia, características del fruto y tipo de nerviación de los foliolos, siendo éste último muy eficaz cuando se estudia material estéril. La var. colubrina cohabita con la var. cebil. Se presenta una clave para identificar las variedades, ilustraciones y mapa de distribución. The presence of Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina for the Argentinean flora is confirmed. This variety is distinguished by three morphological characters: structure of the inflorescence, fruit characteristics and venation type of the folioles, being the latter very useful when studying vegetative material. The variety colubrina inhabits the same areas as var. cebil. A distribution map, illustrations and a key to identify the varieties are presented, and lectotypes are designated for Piptadenia macrocarpa and Niopa. Fil: Martinez, Olga Gladys. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noa; Argentina; Fil: Barrandeguy, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Departamento de Genética; Argentina; Fil: García, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina; Fil: Cacharani, Daniel Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noa; Argentina; Fil: Prado, Darien Eros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: Barrandeguy, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico (Nordeste). Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Fil: Barrandeguy, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Fil: Barrandeguy, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Genética; Argentina. Fil: Prado, Darien Eros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico (Rosario). Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Fil: Prado, Darien Eros. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina. Fil: Prado, Darien Eros. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biología. Cátedra de Botánica; Argentina. Fil: Goncalves, Alejandra Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico (Nordeste). Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Fil: Goncalves, Alejandra Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Fil: Goncalves, Alejandra Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Genética; Argentina. Fil: García, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico (Nordeste). Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Fil: García, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Fil: García, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Genética; Argentina. Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil es una especie nativa sudamericana que caracteriza a los Bosques Secos Estacionales Neotropicales, los cuales se presentan en parches disyuntos dispersos a lo largo del Neotrópico. La influencia de las fluctuaciones climáticas del pasado sobre la distribución actual de dichos bosques ha merecido diferentes interpretaciones, debido a que se postula que las condiciones climáticas tropicales no fueron estables durante el Cenozoico. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar rastros de eventos demográfico-históricos sobre los patrones contemporáneos de la variación genética cloroplástica en poblaciones naturales argentinas de A. colubrina var. cebil, al efecto de hacer inferencias acerca del desarrollo temporal de estos bosques en nuestro país. Se realizaron análisis genético poblacionales y demográficos a partir de la variación genética identificada mediante tres locimicrosatélites cloroplásticos. La distribución contemporánea de haplotipos cloroplásticos de A. colubrinavar. cebil retiene rastros de la fragmentación histórica entre los núcleos de estos bosques, mientras que el núcleo Pedemontano Subandino retiene rastros de una expansión posterior a su llegada a la región en tanto que el núcleo Misiones presenta estabilidad histórica. Historical demography in Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Leguminosae) from Argentina. Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is a South American native tree species which characterizes the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs). These forests are in disjunct patches along the Neotropics. The influence of past climatic fluctuations on the current distribution of these forests deserves several interpretations because the tropical climatic conditions were unstable during Cenozoic. The aim of this study is identify traces of demographical-historical events on current patterns of chloroplastic genetic variation in Argentinean natural populations of A. colubrina var. cebil in order to make inferences about the temporal development of these forests. Population genetic and demographic analyses from genetic variation in three chloroplastic loci were performed. The current distribution of chloroplastic haplotypes of A. colubrina var. cebil shows clear traces of historical fragmentation between the nuclei of these forests. The Andean Piedmont nucleus maintains traces of later expansion after it arrives to the region, whereas the Misiones nucleus shows historical stability.

Schistosomiasis affects over 200 million people and a matter of concern for public health. One of the methods of combating the disease is through control of the snails of the species Biomphalaria glabrata . To evaluate the molluscicidal activity of Anadenanthera colubrina bark extract on embryos and adults of the species B. glabrata and on Artemia salina . The A. salina were exposed for 24 h to A. colubrina extract (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL) diluted in sea water, while B. glabrata snails were exposed to the same period the extract (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 1.0 mg/mL) diluted in filtered and dechlorinated water. We observed that the extract at a concentration of 0.125 mg/mL showed low toxicity for A. salina used in relation to other concentrations. In the assay with B. glabrata snails were observed in adults the concentration of 0.25 mg/mL caused 80% mortality. In embryos, concentrations of 0.125; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL did not affect the embryo viability when compared with control group. The results show that the aqueous extract of A. colubrina demonstrated potential to be used as a biodegradable molluscicide to combat snails of the species B. glabrata .

Background The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase the growth and concentration of primary and secondary metabolites in several plant species. Cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina), a medicinal plant, benefits from mycorrhizal association, but the influence of the symbiosis on the production of its bioactive compounds is unknown. In this study the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus (P) supply on the production of primary and secondary metabolites in cebil seedlings was determined. Results The production of proteins and carbohydrates in terms of both concentration and content was enhanced by inoculation with AMF, but this benefit was mitigated at higher levels of P (30 and 50 mg dm−3 soil). The concentration of phenols, flavonoids and total tannins was favoured by mycorrhizal inoculation even at the highest levels of P (30 and 50 mg dm−3 soil). Conclusion The production of primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of A. colubrina can be maximised by mycorrhization, with the benefit depending on supplementation of soil phosphate.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Antitermitic activity of extractives from three Brazilian hardwoods timber known for their high resistance to biodegradation, Bowdichia virgilioides , Anadenanthera colubrina , and Hymenaea stigonocarpa , were evaluated in laboratory tests against termites Nasutitermes corniger . The data obtained in this study suggest that all extracts tested contained antitermitic compounds against this termite species. Alkaloidal extract from B. virgilioides heartwood exhibited the highest antitermitic activity (LC 50 = 7.2 mg ml −1 after 4 days) followed by cyclohexane extracts from the same species (LC 50 = 12.2 mg ml −1 after 4 days) and H. stigonocarpa heartwood (LC 50 = 11.9 mg ml −1 after 4 days) and ethyl acetate extract from Anadenanthera colubrina wood (LC 50 = 17.3 mg ml −1 after 4 days). Exposure of N. corniger to the other extracts from A. colubrina wood and H. stigonocarpa heartwood resulted in a higher termite survival rate than for the above mentioned extracts, but still reduced the survival of termites compared to a corresponding control. Only B. virgilioides cyclohexane extract presented repellent properties. The termite resistance of these hardwoods can be attributed to antitermitic activity of secondary metabolites present in the extracts.

Araracuara Fern. Alonso, a new genus of Rhamnaceae only known from the sandstone plateaus of the Colombian Amazon, is described and illustrated. Its possible affinities are discussed and it is proposed that this is a relictual genus related to the pantropical Colubrina and to a lesser degree with the Amazonian Ampelozizyphus. Also included are both a key to the Colombian genera of Rhamnaceae and a list of representative specimens of the genera studied (some of which have been poorly documented in Colombia). Se describe e ilustra Araracuara Fern. Alonso, un nuevo género de la familia Rhamnaceae conocido tan sólo de las mesetas de arenisca de la Amazonía colombiana. Se discuten sus posibles afinidades en la familia y se sugiere que estaríamos ante un género relíctico, relacionado con el pantropical Colubrina y en menor medida con el amazónico Ampelozizyphus. Se incluye una clave para los géneros de Rhamnaceae de Colombia y un apéndice con una muestra representativa de especies de los géneros estudiados, algunos de ellos pobremente documentados de territorio colombiano.

Considerable variation in seed dormancy has been reported for Colubrina species. Most freshly-matured seeds of Colubrina oppositifolia have water-impermeable seed coats (physical dormancy). At 28(12 h)/20(12 h), 25(12 h)/15(12 h) °C and ca. 24 °C (room temperatures), 99–100% of the seeds imbibed, and 96–100% of the seeds that germinated did so in 27–34 days. Daily weighing of individual seeds showed that start of imbibition (= 5% increase in mass) at room temperature ranged from < 1 to 20 days. Thus, at high temperature, physical dormancy is broken so rapidly that technically most seeds would be classified as nondormant (i.e. germinate in ≤30 days). At 15(12 h)/6(12 h) and 20(12 h)/10(12 h) °C, 93 and 96%, respectively, of the seeds had imbibed after 30 days, but only 12 and 50%, respectively, of the seeds that germinated did so in 30 days. Eleven months of dry storage at room temperatures increased rates of imbibition and germination of seeds incubated at 28/20 and 20/10 °C. Based on the relativ...

Response to mineral fertilization and inoculation with rhizobia and/or arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) of the Anadenanthera colubrina, Mimosa bimucronata and Parapiptadenia rigida (Leguminosae–Mimosoideae) native trees from Brazilian riparian forests, were studied in nursery conditions. Each species was submitted to seven treatments, varying nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization and inoculation with rhizobia (r), mycorrhiza (m) or both (rm): NP, P, P+r,P+rm, N, N+m and N+rm. Results showed that AMF inoculations did not enhance the mycorrhizal colonization, and P uptake was not sufficient to sustain good growth of plants. The level of P mineral added affected negatively the AMF colonization in A. colubrina and M. bimucronata, but not in P. rigida. Native fungi infected the three legume hosts. The absence of mineral N limited growth of A. colubrina and P. rigida, but in M. bimucronata the lack of N was corrected by biological nitrogen fixation. N mineral added inhibited the nodulation, although spontaneous nodulation had occurred in A. colubrina and M. bimucronata. Rhizobia inoculation enhanced the number of nodules, nitrogenase activity and leghemoglobin content of these two species. Thus, the extent of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in these species under nursery conditions can affect growth and consequently the post-planting success.

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is an important tree species for its cultural, economic, and medicinal uses in South America. In order to characterize A. colubrina populations, we collected fruits from four different sites (San Bernardo, El Cebilar, Metán and El Gallinato) within the species distribution area in Salta Province, Northwestern Argentina. For this, a total of 75 fruits and seeds per site were collected and described using morphological (fruits size and weight; seed weight and number per fruit) and genetic descriptors (ribo-somic DNA extraction and PCR; nucleotide alignment and phylogenetic analysis) with standard protocols. Our results showed that the San Bernardo population had the heaviest fruits and seeds (7.89±0.2g and 0.19±0.002, respectively), and the Cebilar population the lightest (6.25±0.18g and 0.15±0.002g, respectively). Fruits and seeds from Metán and El Gallinato showed similar and intermediate values. The proportion viable (39 to 55%) and aborted (43 to 57%) seeds was different, while the proportion of predated (1.7 to 4.2%) seeds was similar among populations. The genetic analysis showed variability of ITS sequences within the especies, and also when compared with the same Brazilian species. Both, morphologic and genetic descriptors showed a high level of similarity between San Bernardo and Metán, and between El Cebilar and El Gallinato populations. Further studies are needed to assess levels of phenotypic and genetic variability within and between populations of different plant species, since this information is crucial for biodiversity and germplasm long-term conservation. Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil es una especie arbórea de importancia cultural, económica y medicinal en Sur América. Para estudiar las poblaciones de A. colubrina, recolectamos frutos de cuatro sitios diferentes dentro del área de distribución de la especie en la provincia de Salta (Noroeste de Argentina) y se caracterizaron con base en descriptores morfológicos (tamaño de frutos, semillas y peso y número de semillas por fruto) y genéticos (ADN ribosómico). La población de San Bernardo presentó los frutos y semillas más pesados y la de El Cebilar los más livianos. Los frutos y semillas de Metán y El Gallinato fueron similares e intermedios. La proporción de semillas viables y abortadas fue similar en todas las poblaciones, mientras que la de semillas depredadas fue diferente. El análisis genético mostró variabilidad de las secuencias ITS dentro de la especie y también en comparación con la misma especie de Brasil. Los descriptores morfológicos y genéticos mostraron un mayor nivel de similitud entre las poblaciones de San Bernardo y Metán y entre El Cebilar y El Gallinato. Se necesitan más estudios para evaluar los niveles de variabilidad fenotípica y genética dentro y entre poblaciones de diferentes especies de plantas, ya que esta información es fundamental para la conservación de la biodiversidad y del germoplasma a largo plazo.

Four new Ravenelia species were described on native leguminous hosts from the Brazilian Cerrado, as follows: Ravenelia cerradensis sp. nov., R. chapadensis sp. nov., R. mineirosensis sp. nov. and R. emaensis sp. nov. on Chamaecrista clausenii var. cyclophylla, Chamaecriista conferta var. virgata, Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina, and on Anadenanthera sp., respectively. Quatro espécies novas de Ravenelia foram descritas em leguminosas do Cerrado brasileiro, a saber: Ravenelia cerradensis sp. nov., R. chapadensis sp. nov., R. mineirosensis sp. nov. e R. emaensis sp. nov. sobre Chamaecrista clausenii var. cyclophylla, Chamaecrista conferta var. virgata, Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina e Anadenanthera sp., respectivamente.

An exhaustive floristic inventory was conducted in a 400-ha block of tropical semideciduous forest in the Chiquitania region of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. A total of 501 species were collected using both quantitative and traditional plant collecting methods. Trees represented the most diverse life form (124 spp), fol- lowed by herbs (101 spp), lianas (85), shrubs (66), herbaceous climbers epiphytes (15) and parasites (two). Floristic diversity was greatest for the forest floor com- munity, when compared to either the understorey or canopy tree communities. Quantitative data were obtained for 336 species in 100 plots which contained a series of nested subplots to sample smaller-stature plants. Stem density for trees (dbh ? 5 cm) was 914 trees ha-', with a total density for all life forms estimated to be 135,000 plants ha-'; the total basal area for the forest was estimated to be 27.6 m2 ha-'. Species richness when measured by standard methods was found to be one of the highest for a dry forest region reported for the Neotropics with a mean of 70.8 spp 0.1 ha-' (dbh > 2.5 cm) and 50 spp ha-' (dbh > 10 cm). Compar- ison of life forms and vertical strata showed that the flora on the forest floor was more diverse than all other vertical strata combined. Habitat heterogeneity was studied using ordination procedures based on floristic data and to identify the characteristic species of three plant communities: granite outcrops, valley forest and upland forest. The most abundant tree species in the study area were Acosmium cardenasii, Neea hermaphrodita, Aspidosperma tomentosa and Galipea trifoliata, while the species with the greatest basal area were Anadenanthera colubrina, Acosmium cardena- sii, Caesalpiniafloribunda, Aspidosperma tomentosa, Piptadenia viridiflora, Chorisia speciosa, Tabebuia impetiginosa, Centrolobium microchaete, and Machaerium scleroxylon. Most canopy and understorey tree species had a population structure characterized by

Crude extracts from nine plants widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer have been subjected to a bioscreening study to detect cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells. Three different extracts (petroleum ether, ethylacetate, and methanol) from each plant species, were tested towards KB, HCT-15 COLADCAR and UISO-SQC-1 cell cultures. The results showed that three plants Colubrina macrocarpa (Cav.) Don (Rhamnaceae), Acacia pennatula (Schltdl. and Cham.) Benth (Leguminosae) and Hemiangium excelsum (HBK.) Smith (Hippocrateaceae), exhibited important cytotoxic activity showing a certain degree of selectivity against the tested cells in culture.

Morfo-anatomia, imbibicion, viabilidad y germinacion de las semillas de Anadenanthera colu- brina var. cebil (Fabaceae). Seed biology is a relevant aspect of tropical forests because it is central to the understanding of processes of plant establishment, succession and natural regeneration. Anadenanthera colub- rina var. cebil is a timber tree from South America that produces large seeds with thin weak teguments, which is uncommon among legumes. This study describes the morphology and anatomy of the seed coat, the viability, imbibition, and germination in this species. Seeds used during the essays came from 10 trees that grow naturally in Horco Molle, province of Tucuman, Argentina. Seed morphology was described from a sample of 20 units. The seed coat surface was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Transverse sections of hydrated and non-hydrated seeds were employed to describe the histological structure of the seed coat. Hydration, viability and germination experiments were performed under laboratory controlled conditions; and the experimental design consisted of 10 replicas of 10 seeds each. Viability and germination tests were conducted using freshly fallen seeds and seeds stored for five months. Morphologically the seeds of A. colubrina var. cebil are circular to subcircular, laterally compressed, smooth, bright brown and have a horseshoe fissure line (=pleurogram) on both sides. The seed coat comprises five tissue layers and a double (external and internal) cuticle. The outer cuticle (on the epidermis) is smooth and interrupted by microcracks and pores of variable depth. The epidermis consists of macroesclereids with non-lignified secondary walls. This layer is separated from the underlying ones during seed hydration. The other layers of internal tissues are comprised of osteosclereids, parenchyma, osteo- sclereids, and macrosclereids. The percentage of viable seeds was 93%, decreasing to 75% in seeds with five months old. Seed mass increased 76% after the first eight hours of hydration. Germination percentage was 75% after 76 hours. Germination of seeds stored for five months decreased to 12%. The results showed that seeds of A. colubrina var. cebil are highly permeable and germinate directly without a dormant period. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (3): 1109-1118. Epub 2013 September 01.

The objectives of this work were to study the structure of the vegetative body of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Wedd.) B. Hansen, to analyze the change on roots of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul when they are infected by this parasitic plant, and to identify the anatomical changes produced by that parasitism. L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum plants are formed by a spheroidal-narrower underground vegetative body or tuber, that externally has a dark warty surface;epidermis, stomata or trichomes are lacking. The central matrix of tuber consists of reserving parenchyma and vascular bundles. Parasitic cells located at the level of root cambium initiate the tuber formation. On the infected root of A. colubrina var. cebil , the identity of radial and axial growth of the secondary system are lost. This leads to the formation of xylem loops that affect the xylem transport and root development, which stops length growth and develops a woody gall. Infection of L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum causes profound anatomical changes in timber developing of A. colubrina var. cebil , which favor the parasite success.

Eight new species of the tribe Bothriomirini are described from the Oriental Region, namely Dashymenia cognata sp. nov., Dashymenia colubrina sp. nov., Dashymenia conspersa sp. nov., Dashymenia tenmalai sp. nov., Dashymenia webbi sp. nov., Dashymeniella spatulatiformis sp. nov., Dashymeniella ulu sp. nov., and Dashymeniella viklundi sp. nov. Five species are redescribed: Bothriomiris dissimulans (Walker), B. lugubris Poppius, B. testaceus Distant, Dashymenia croesus (Distant), and Dashymenia remus (Distant). Illustrations of the male genitalia, a color dorsal habitus photograph of the adult of most species, scanning electron micrographs of selected structures of Bothriomiris dissimulans, Dashymenia tenmalai, Dashymeniella spatulatiformis, and Dashymeniella ulu are given. An identification key to the Oriental genera and keys to species of the genera Bothriomiris, Dashymenia, and Dashymeniella are provided.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY We developed and characterized nuclear microsatellite markers for Anadenanthera colubrina, a tropical tree species widely distributed in South America. METHODS AND RESULTS Leaf samples of mature A. colubrina trees, popularly called "angico," were collected from an area that is greatly impacted by agricultural practices in the region of Ribeirao Preto in Sao Paulo State in southeastern Brazil. Twenty simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, 14 of which had polymorphic loci. A total of 96 alleles were detected with an average of 6.86 alleles per polymorphic locus. The expected heterozygosity, calculated at polymorphic loci, ranged from 0.18 to 0.83. Finally, we demonstrated that 18 loci were cross-amplified in A. peregrina. CONCLUSIONS A total of 14 polymorphic markers suggest a high potential for genetic diversity, gene flow, and mating system analyses in A. colubrina.

Chromosome numbers are reported for 14 species collected in Cuba. The first chromosome records are reported forAlbizzia cubana Britton etWilson (2n=26),Atkinsia cubensis (Britton etWilson)Howard (2n=26),Caesalpinia violacea (Mill.)Standl. (2n=24),Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn. (2n=24). Chromosome numbers of the following species were confirmed:Albizzia lebbeck (L.)Benth. (2n=26),Canavalia maritima (Aubl.)Thouars (2n=22),Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. (2n=18),Cedrela mexicana M.J. Roem. (2n=56),Delonix regia (Bojer)Raf. (2n=28),Guazuma tomentosa H.B.K. (2n=16),Lysiloma bahamense Benth. (2n=26),L. latisiliqua (L.)Benth. (2n=26),Samanea saman (Jacq.)Merrill (2n=26),Thespesia populnea (L.)Soland (2n=26).

A new species of Colubrina from the Amazon region of Ecuador is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its elliptical and distichously arranged leaves, 10–18 × 4–8 cm, and the presence of basal, concave elliptical, glands, the short-shoots of the inflorescence with few nodes and seeds with two inner sides flat-concave and third side, as wide as the previous two and convex. The new species has been widely collected in areas below 700 m, and is expected to occur in similar habitats in the border areas of Colombia and Peru.

A cladistic analysis of Lasiodiscus Hook. f. and Colubrina Rich. ex Brongn. was undertaken, using characters from gross morphology and with 10 of the 13 species of Lasiodiscus and 19 of the 32 species of Colubrina as terminal taxa. The cladograms indicate that, with the exclusion of L. articulatus Capuron several synapomorphies characterize Lasiodiscus. The inclusion of this species in the genus obscured the boundary between Lasiodiscus and Colubrina. L. articulatus should be transferred to Colubrina.

This study investigates the influence of gamma radiation on the total phenols, tannins and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic plant extracts of the bark and leaves of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico). The extracts were separated into four groups (0, 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy) to quantify total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), tannins (precipitation of casein), and antimicrobial activity (disk diffusion of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, acid-alcohol-resistant bacteria and yeasts; Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Gram positive and alcohol-acid resistant bacteria). Tannin levels were 52% to 57% of total phenols in bark, and 58% to 60% in leaves, and there was no statistically significant difference between groups. There was antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and alcohol-acid-resistant bacteria (bark and leaves) and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts (leaves). However, the gamma radiation had no influence on the levels of total phenols and tannins or the antimicrobial activity of extracts of bark and leaves of A. colubrina.

A revision of the genus Lasiodiscus Hook. f. is presented and the delimitation of this genus from Colubrina L. C. Rich. ex Brongn. is discussed. Twelve species are recognised. Two new species, L. lebrunii E. Figueiredo and L. palustris E. Figueiredo, are described and the new combination L. pervillei ssp. ferrugineus (Verdc.) E. Figueiredo is made. L. articulatus Capuron is transferred to Colubrina (C. articulata). One neotype and four lectotypes are selected.

El presente artículo representa el primero de una serie con descripciones de especies nuevas e información relativa a la flora de la Zona de Uxpanapa del sureste de Veracruz y partes colindantes de Oaxaca, México. Se describe la especie nueva Colubrina johnstonii (Rhamnaceae), relacionada con C. elliptica y otras especies. El recuento cromosómico de n = 16 para la especie nueva es extraordinario para la familia y representa el primero para el género.

Two new flavonol triosides have been isolated from the leaves of Colubrina faralaotra (Rhamnaceae) and their structures elucidated as kaempferol-3- O -[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-4″′- O -acetyl-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β- d -galactopyranoside] and the corresponding quercetin analogue mainly by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy (including T 1 , measurements).

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil es una especie forestal nativa de América del Sur. Presenta una distribución amplia y disyunta que se corresponde con la distribución de los Bosques Tropicales Estacionalmente Secos. Para estudiar el posible efecto de los cambios climáticos del Pleistoceno sobre la distribución de A. colubrina var cebil se analizó la secuencia del intrón trnL del ADN cloroplástico en 48 individuos provenientes de las Provincias Fitogeográficas Paranaense y de las Yungas. Se identificó un SNP en la posición 501 que permitió definir dos haplotipos fijados cada uno de ellos en la región fitogeográfica de origen de los individuos. Las secuencias del intrón trnL para estos haplotipos fueron contrastadas con secuencias de esta región disponible en la base pública de datos GenBank. A partir de este conjunto de secuencias se definieron otros tres haplotipos. Se construyó una red para determinar las relaciones filogenéticas. Las estimaciones de distancia genética entre los haplotipos tomados de a pares presentaron valores entre 0 y 0,017 en tanto que el tiempo de divergencia entre los haplotipos presentó valores comprendidos entre 0 y 5.600.000 años, aproximadamente. Fil: Calonga Solís, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: Barrandeguy, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Genética; Argentina Fil: García, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Genética; Argentina

This is an account of portion of the botanical collections of the Northern Australia Regional Survey, 1946–47, chiefly from the Darwin–Katherine area. Families fully considered are Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araceae, Barringtoniaceae, Burseraceae, Casuarinaceae, Cochlospermaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Mimosoideae (except Acacia), Meliaceae, Myristicaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Palmae, Pandanaceae, Passifloraceae, Pittosporaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sonneratiaceae, and Sphenocleaceae. A few species of the following families are also discussed: Combretaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionatae, and Moraceae. In addition to discussions on taxonomy, synonymy, and orthography of names, the following additions to the flora of the Northern Territory are recorded: new species: Dendrolobiunz stipatum, Desmodizim polyneurum, Horsfieldia australiana, Sclerandrittm grandiflorum, and Vavaea australiana; species not previously recorded from Australia: Mimosa acanthocarpa, Pistia stratiotes, and Sphenoclea xeylanica; species already known from other parts of Australia: Albixia canescens, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Colubrina asiatica, Cryptocarya cunninghamii, Cyperus platystylis, Cyperus ramosii, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Neptunia gracilis, Passiflora foetida, and Petalostigma banksii. Two new names are proposed, Eulalia mackinlayi (F. Muell.) S. T. Blake and Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. The genera Horsfieldia, Pistia, Sphenoclea, and Vavaea have not previously been recorded from Australia and Albixia, Colubrina, Cryptocarya, Dendrolobium, Hymenachne, and Mimosa have not previously been recorded from the Northern Territory. Sphenoclea represents a new family (Sphenocleaceae) for Australia. Cochlospermum fraseri, Cryptocarya cunninghamii, and Sphenoclea xeylanica are also recorded for the first time from Queensland. The following reductions to synonymy are made: Alectryon bleeseri O. Schwartz to Cupaniopsis alliacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk.; Barringtonia denticulata (Miers) Knuth to B. gracilis (Miers) Knuth, which is treated as distinct from B. aczttangula (L.) Gaertn.; Buchanania oblongifolia W. V. Fitzg. and B. muelleri Engl. var. pilosa Engl. to B. obovata Engl.; Buchanania muelleri Engl. to B. arborescens (BI.) Bl.; Ilex peduncularis F. Muell. to I . arnhemensis (F. Muell.) Loes.; and Pandanus delestangii Martelli to P. aquaticus F. Muell.