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Krogia borneensis Kistenich & Timdal, K. isidiata Kistenich & Timdal and K. macrophylla Kistenich & Timdal are described as new species, the first from Borneo and the two latter from New Caledonia. The new species are supported by morphology, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. Krogia borneensis and K. isidiata contain sekikaic and homosekikaic acid, both compounds reported here for the first time from the genus. Krogia macrophylla contains an unknown compound apparently related to boninic acid as the major compound. DNA sequences (mtSSU and nrITS) are provided for the first time for Krogia and a phylogeny of the genus based on 15 accessions of five of the six accepted species is presented. Krogia antillarum is reported as new to Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico. Krogia borneensis Kistenich & Timdal, K. isidiata Kistenich & Timdal and K. macrophylla Kistenich & Timdal are described as new species, the first from Borneo and the two latter from New Caledonia. The new species are supported by morphology, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. Krogia borneensis and K. isidiata contain sekikaic and homosekikaic acid, both compounds reported here for the first time from the genus. Krogia macrophylla contains an unknown compound apparently related to boninic acid as the major compound. DNA sequences (mtSSU and nrITS) are provided for the first time for Krogia and a phylogeny of the genus based on 15 accessions of five of the six accepted species is presented. Krogia antillarum is reported as new to Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico.

A national citizen survey quantified the abundance of epiphytic lichens that are known to be either sensitive or tolerant to nitrogen (N) deposition. Records were collected across the UK from over 10,000 individual trees of 22 deciduous species. Mean abundance of tolerant and sensitive lichens was related to mean N deposition rates and climatic variables at a 5 km scale, and the response of lichens was compared on the three most common trees (Quercus, Fraxinus and Acer) and by assigning all 22 tree species to three bark pH groups. The abundance of N-sensitive lichens on trunks decreased with increasing total N deposition, while that of N-tolerant lichens increased. The abundance of N-sensitive lichens on trunks was reduced close to a busy road, while the abundance of N-tolerant lichens increased. The abundance of N-tolerant lichen species on trunks was lower on Quercus and other low bark pH species, but the abundance of N-sensitive lichens was similar on different tree species. Lichen abundance relationships with total N deposition did not differ between tree species or bark pH groups. The response of N-sensitive lichens to reduced nitrogen was greater than to oxidised N, and the response of N-tolerant lichens was greater to oxidised N than to reduced N. There were differences in the response of N-sensitive and N-tolerant lichens to rainfall, humidity and temperature. Relationships with N deposition and climatic variables were similar for lichen presence on twigs as for lichen abundance on trunks, but N-sensitive lichens increased, rather than decreased, on twigs of Quercus/low bark pH species. The results demonstrate the unique power of citizen science to detect and quantify the air pollution impacts over a wide geographical range, and specifically to contribute to understanding of lichen responses to different chemical forms of N deposition, local pollution sources and bark chemistry.

Preliminary results are presented of a project aiming to explore the lichen biodiversity in Sri Lanka. The following mostly corticolous (one saxicolous) new species are described: Arthonia karunaratnei with dark brown, round apothecia in groups that are surrounded by a bright orange area, with ascospores 2-septate, 9.0–10.5 × 3.5–4.5 μm; Enterographa wijesundarae with sessile, pruinose apothecia with thin margins that are higher than the disc, with ascospores 13–17-septate, 50–60 × 4.5–5.5 μm, without substances; Fellhanera stipitata with convex, brown apothecia, fusiform to clavate, 5–7-septate ascospores of 21–24.5 × 2.0–2.5 μm, and sessile to tubular pycnidia with conidia 4.5–5.5 × 1.5–2.0 μm; Malmidea plicata which is similar to M. vinosa but with folded thallus and smaller ascospores; Phlyctis lueckingii with ca. 0.2–0.3 mm large, grey-pruinose apothecia in dense groups and fusiform 7-septate ascospores of 27–29 × 5.5–6.5 μm; thallus with norstictic acid.; Porina viridipustulata with numerou...

Pyrenulaceae is one of the dominant lichen families in the tropics, especially in lowland evergreen forests. Although very species-rich, phylogenetic relationships within Pyrenulaceae have not been extensively studied using molecular data, and its morphology-based generic delimitation remains untested. A recent lichenological survey carried out in the Knuckles Mountain Range in Sri Lanka allowed the first author to collect fresh specimens of different species of Pyrenula, and to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the family Pyrenulaceae using a multigene analysis (ITS, nuLSU and mtSSU) and a preliminary dataset of 21 taxa. This data shows that the family Pyrenulaceae can be divided into two well-supported groups and suggests that the genus Pyrenula is not monophyletic. Characters usually used for generic classification in this family (ascospore colour and septation, structure of the ascospore locules, secondary chemistry, hamathecium structure, ostiole position) do not correlate with these two groups. However, the presence of pseudocyphellae is restricted to species of Pyrenula from one group.

Six new species of Graphidaceae are described from Sri Lanka, four in Graphis sensu Staiger and one each in Fissurina and Thelotrema. Fissurina srilankensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Lucking is characterized by lirellae with well-developed labia and comparatively large, muriform ascospores. Graphis allugallenensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Lucking is similar to G. vittata but has a distinctly verrucose thalline margin along the lirellae. Graphis dotalugalensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Rivas Plata resembles G. proserpens in the exposed lirellae with striate labia and apically carbonized excipulum but differs in the comparatively large ascospores. Graphis knucklensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Wolseley features lirellae with striate labia, an inspersed hymenium, and norstictic acid as secondary compound. Graphis srilankensis Weerakoon, Wijeyaratne & Lumbsch has entire labia with a completely carbonized excipulum, inspersed hymenium, transversely septate ascospores, and produces norstictic acid. Finally...