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30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per day is recommended, but the response and adaptation of endothelial function (EF) to this exercise remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in EF in endurance trained and untrained individuals before and after this exercise and to compare the differences between trained and untrained individuals. Twelve endurance-trained male college athletes (trained group) and 12 untrained male college students (untrained group) performed a 30-min run at an intensity of 60% VO 2 max. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured before exercise, 30 min and 60 min after exercise, and the following morning. Resting diameter and maximum diameter showed large time effects (p < 0.001, η 2  = 0.533; p < 0.001, η 2  = 0.502). Resting diameters at 30 and 60 min after exercise were higher than before exercise in both the untrained and trained groups (p < 0.05), and maximum diameters at 30 min after exercise were higher than before exercise in both the untrained and trained groups (p < 0.01). Resting diameter and maximum diameter also exhibited some group effects (p = 0.055, η 2  = 0.157; p = 0.041, η 2  = 0.176). Resting diameters and maximum diameters were higher in the trained group than in the untrained group before exercise (p < 0.05). FMD (%) showed no time, group, or time-group interaction effects. 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can increase resting and maximal arterial diameters in both trained and untrained young men, but has no effect on FMD. Long-term endurance training has the potential to increase resting and maximal arterial diameters in young men, but not necessarily FMD., (© 2024. The Author(s).)