Search

Sharing human brain data can yield scientific benefits, but because of various disincentives, only a fraction of these data is currently shared. We profile three successful data-sharing experiences from the NIH BRAIN Initiative Research Opportunities in Humans (ROH) Consortium and demonstrate benefits to data producers and to users., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests N.P. is a consultant for Abbott and Sensoria Therapeutics. S.A.S. is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Zimmer Biomet, Neuropace, Sensoria Therapeutics, Koh Young, and Varian Medical. He is co-founder of Motif Neurotech., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A comprehensive characterization of neuronal cell types, their distributions, and patterns of connectivity is critical for understanding the properties of neural circuits and how they generate behaviors. Here we review the experiences of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Consortium, ten pilot projects funded by the U.S. BRAIN Initiative, in developing, validating, and scaling up emerging genomic and anatomical mapping technologies for creating a complete inventory of neuronal cell types and their connections in multiple species and during development. These projects lay the foundation for a larger and longer-term effort to generate whole-brain cell atlases in species including mice and humans., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Direct electrical stimulation of the human brain can elicit sensory and motor perceptions as well as recall of memories. Stimulating higher order association areas of the lateral temporal cortex in particular was reported to activate visual and auditory memory representations of past experiences (Penfield and Perot, 1963). We hypothesized that this effect could be used to modulate memory processing. Recent attempts at memory enhancement in the human brain have been focused on the hippocampus and other mesial temporal lobe structures, with a few reports of memory improvement in small studies of individual brain regions. Here, we investigated the effect of stimulation in four brain regions known to support declarative memory: hippocampus, parahippocampal neocortex, prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex. Intracranial electrode recordings with stimulation were used to assess verbal memory performance in a group of 22 patients (nine males). We show enhanced performance with electrical stimulation in the lateral temporal cortex (paired t-test, P = 0.0067), but not in the other brain regions tested. This selective enhancement was observed both on the group level, and for two of the four individual subjects stimulated in the temporal cortex. This study shows that electrical stimulation in specific brain areas can enhance verbal memory performance in humans.awx373media15704855796001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern neuroscientific recording technologies are increasingly generating rich, multimodal data that provide unique opportunities to investigate the intricacies of brain function. However, our ability to exploit the dynamic, interactive interplay among neural processes is limited by the lack of appropriate analysis methods. In this paper, some challenging issues in neuroscience data analysis are described, and some general-purpose approaches to address such challenges are proposed. Specifically, we discuss statistical methodologies with a theme of loss functions, and hierarchical Bayesian inference methodologies from the perspective of constructing optimal mappings. These approaches are demonstrated on both simulated and experimentally acquired neural data sets to assess causal influences and track time-varying interactions among neural processes on a fine time scale. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]