1. A population of descending tyraminergic/octopaminergic projection neurons of the insect deutocerebrum.
- Author
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Kononenko NL, Hartfil S, Willer J, Ferch J, Wolfenberg H, and Pflüger HJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain physiology, Ganglia cytology, Ganglia physiology, Grasshoppers physiology, Neural Pathways cytology, Neural Pathways physiology, Neurons, Efferent physiology, Periplaneta cytology, Periplaneta physiology, Brain cytology, Grasshoppers anatomy & histology, Neurons, Efferent cytology, Octopamine, Tyramine
- Abstract
In this study, we describe a cluster of tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons in the lateral dorsal deutocerebrum of desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) with descending axons to the abdominal ganglia. In the locust, these neurons synthesize octopamine from tyramine stress-dependently. Electrophysiological recordings in locusts reveal that they respond to mechanosensory touch stimuli delivered to various parts of the body including the antennae. A similar cluster of tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons was also identified in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and the pink winged stick insect (Sipyloidea sipylus). It is suggested that these neurons release octopamine in the ventral nerve cord ganglia and, most likely, convey information on arousal and/or stressful stimuli to neuronal circuits thus contributing to the many actions of octopamine in the central nervous system., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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