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Numerous neuroimaging studies of resting-state functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed abnormalities in specific brain regions in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but results have been inconsistent. We conducted a whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis on resting-state functional imaging and VBM studies that investigated differences of functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV) between patients with OCD and healthy controls (HCs) using seed-based d mapping (SDM) software. A total of 41 independent studies (51 datasets) for resting-state functional imaging and 42 studies (46 datasets) for VBM were included by a systematic literature search. Overall, patients with OCD displayed increased spontaneous functional activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (extending to the bilateral insula) and bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC), as well as decreased spontaneous functional activity in the bilateral paracentral lobule, bilateral cerebellum, left caudate nucleus, left inferior parietal gyri, and right precuneus cortex. For the VBM meta-analysis, patients with OCD displayed increased GMV in the bilateral thalamus (extending to the bilateral cerebellum), right striatum, and decreased GMV in the bilateral mPFC/ACC and left IFG (extending to the left insula). The conjunction analyses found that the bilateral mPFC/ACC, left IFG (extending to the left insula) showed decreased GMV with increased intrinsic function in OCD patients compared to HCs. This meta-analysis demonstrated that OCD exhibits abnormalities in both function and structure in the bilateral mPFC/ACC, insula, and IFG. A few regions exhibited only functional or only structural abnormalities in OCD, such as the default mode network, striatum, sensorimotor areas, and cerebellum. It may provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of OCD and developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Numerous neuroimaging studies of resting‐state functional imaging and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) have revealed that patients with substance use disorder (SUD) may present brain abnormalities, but their results were inconsistent. This multimodal neuroimaging meta‐analysis aimed to estimate common and specific alterations in SUD patients by combining information from all available studies of spontaneous functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV). Methods: A whole‐brain meta‐analysis on resting‐state functional imaging and VBM studies was conducted using the Seed‐based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM‐PSI) software, followed by multimodal overlapping to comprehensively investigate function and structure of the brain in SUD. Results: In this meta‐analysis, 39 independent studies with 47 datasets related to resting‐state functional brain activity (1444 SUD patients; 1446 healthy controls [HCs]) were included, as well as 77 studies with 89 datasets for GMV (3457 SUD patients; 3774 HCs). Patients with SUD showed the decreased resting‐state functional brain activity in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC). For the VBM meta‐analysis, patients with SUD showed the reduced GMV in the bilateral ACC/mPFC, insula, thalamus extending to striatum, and left sensorimotor cortex. Conclusions: This multimodal meta‐analysis exhibited that SUD shows common impairment in both function and structure in the ACC/mPFC, suggesting that the deficits in functional and structural domains could be correlated together. In addition, a few regions exhibited only structural impairment in SUD, including the insula, thalamus, striatum, and sensorimotor areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]