1. Electroencephalographic Patterns in Pediatric Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coinfection.
- Author
-
Martinez-Valderrama A and Myers KA
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Seizures etiology, Electroencephalography, COVID-19 complications, Coinfection, Brain Diseases complications, Connective Tissue Diseases
- Abstract
Background: Children with recent or acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections are susceptible to a number of neurological complications, including encephalopathy and seizures. Within the phenomenon of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), patients may be encephalopathic or have other nervous system sequelae. The electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns accompanying neurological complications of COVID-19 infection have been reported but primarily in case reports or small case series., Methods: In this study, we reviewed all reports of EEG patterns seen in pediatric patients with presentations attributed to COVID-19 infection., Results: Fifty patient reports were identified, drawn from 27 articles. We separately analyzed patients whose primary neurological concern was (1) encephalopathy, (2) seizures, or (3) other neurological abnormalities. Patients with acute encephalopathy tend to have EEG showing diffusely slow background, often in the delta range; however, the pattern of slowing is sometimes anterior or posterior predominant and may evolve over the course of illness., Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 infection presenting with seizures may have focal or bilateral semiologies, but postictal EEG rarely shows interictal epileptiform discharges and is more likely to also show diffuse slowing. However, subclinical seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus have been reported, so prolonged EEG monitoring may still be indicated., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dr. Myers holds or has held research funding from Savoy Foundation, Dravet Canada, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy (439534), Epilepsy Canada, Koolen-de Vries Foundation, Liam Foundation, and Fonds de Recherches du Québec – Santé; he is also a site principal investigator for studies by LivaNova and Ultragenyx. The other authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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