1. Pediatric high grade gliomas: A comprehensive histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular integrated approach in routine practice.
- Author
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Das S, Ahlawat S, Panda AK, Sarangi J, Jain P, Gupta RK, Vaishya S, and Patir R
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Neoplasm Grading, Glioma pathology, Glioma genetics, Glioma metabolism, Glioma diagnosis, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Brain Neoplasms diagnosis, Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Immunohistochemistry methods
- Abstract
Pediatric high grade gliomas have undergone remarkable changes in recent time with discovery of new molecular pathways. They have been added separately in current WHO 2021 blue book. All the entities show characteristic morphology and immunohistochemistry. Methylation data correctly identifies these entities into particular group of clusters. The pediatric group high grade glioma comprises- Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered; Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34-mutant; Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wild type & IDH-wild type; Infant hemispheric glioma and Epithelioid glioblastoma/Grade 3 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and very rare IDH-mutant astrocytoma. However it is not always feasible to perform these molecular tests where cost-effective diagnosis is a major concern. Here we discuss the major entities with their characteristic histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular findings that may help to reach to suggest the diagnosis and help the clinician for appropriate treatment strategies. We have also made a simple algorithmic flow chart integrated with histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular characteristics for better understanding., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There are no declaration of interest from the authors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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