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Black, brown, and white mustards are important spice and oil crops cultivated worldwide. In this study, the effect of mustard lines in terms of growth and yield under spring sown conditions during 2 years (2020 and 2021) was investigated under semi-arid climatic conditions in Ankara, Turkey. Fifteen lines and one standard were used in this study. The experiment was carried out according to the randomized block trial design with four replications. The results demonstrated statistically significant lines × years interaction for plant height, number of branches, number of capsules, number of seeds, thousand-seed weight, seed yield and crude oil yield of black, brown, and white mustard lines. The days to emergence, 4–6 leaves rosette stages, 50% flowering, 50% encapsulation, and harvest varied according to species and years. The better production year was 2021, when the highest seed yield (3080 kg ha−1) and oil yield (612 kg ha−1) were determined from the Brassica juncea-Bj3 line, while the lower production year was 2020, when the lowest seed yield (572 kg ha−1) and oil yield (133 kg ha−1) were detected for the B. nigra-Bn5 line. The B. juncea-Bj3 line for crude oil yield (612 kg ha−1) and the Sinapis alba-Sa5 line for seed yield (2282 kg ha−1) appeared to be superior in performance compared to the other lines and standards. The lines can be further exploited for breeding programs through selection and hybridization. Considering the yield data of the lines, it was detected that the lines of Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra have an important potential as a raw material resource for different industries. HIGHLIGHTS: The experimental results showed the agronomic potential of growing Brassica species under spring conditions. The yield characteristics of 15 Brassica lines were significantly affected by the environmental situation. The Brassica juncea-Bj3 and Sinapis alba-Sa2 lines were the superior lines and had a high potential for breeding new Brassica cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica nigra, and B. juncea, are two economically important species that are used as spices; and B. juncea, B. rapa ssp., oleifera, and B. nigra are used for industrial seed oil. The potential of 16 Brassica genotypes’s comparison with 2 standard varieties was done in terms of their phenology, morphology, and yield performance under autumn-sown conditions during 2019-20 and 2020-21 under semi-arid climatic conditions of Central Anatolia, in Ankara, Türkiye. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. The results indicated statistically significant genotypes × years interaction among all genotypes for plant height, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and crude oil yield of Brassica spp. Seed emergence, rosette formation stage, 50% flowering, and 50% pod formation of Brassica spp. varied according to species and years. While the maximum and minimum crude oil yields of 1222 kg ha-1 were obtained from Standard 2 (B. napus-Excalibur) and 313 kg ha-1 from the Bn4 genotype; the Br2 (1123 kg ha-1), Br3 (1042 kg ha-1 ), Br6 (1093 kg ha-1 ), Br5 (949 kg ha-1 ) B. rapa ssp., oleifera and Bj3 (893.3 kg ha-1 ) B. juncea genotypes appeared superior in performance compared with the other genotypes. These genotypes can be further exploited in various improvement programs through selection and hybridization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very important to identify physiological responses of species against major stresses like drought and salinity to select and screen high yielding species under the available environmental conditions for better yield. This study evaluated the effects of PEG 6000 (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2 and -1.4 MPa) and NaCl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 dSm-1) on germination and early seedling growth of 4 species in genus Brassica including Brassica juncea, B. rapa, B. nigra and Sinapis alba. Results revealed that the species showed different responses to PEG and NaCl stress. Comparing the results with controls, the B. juncea and B. rapa were more tolerant against drought and salinity stress compared to B. nigra and S. alba. The germination percentage and seedling growth parameters decreased gradually by treating the species using >-0.4 MPa PEG and > 10 dSm-1 NaCl. The effects of NaCl were less pronounced on germination and seedling growth compared to these effects due to PEG. The seed germination was completely stopped using > -1.0 MPa PEG treatments in B. juncea, B. rapa, and S. alba; and at >0.8 MPa treatment in B. nigra. Correspondingly, seed germination was completely inhibited at 35 dSm-1 NaCl induced stress treatments in B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. nigra. Whereas, S. alba was a bit sensitive and induced stopage of germination at 30 dSm-1 NaCl induced stress. This study highlighted the significance of screening B. juncea, B. rapa, B. nigra and S. alba species against NaCl and PEG stresses for better crop management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]