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Material collected from three different states of the northeastern region of Brazil (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia) is analyzed. Four new lysianassid species of the genera Aruga and Shoemakerella are described. This paper includes the first record of Aruga in Brazilian waters and an identification key to world species of Aruga and Shoemakerella.

A new species of Stephonyx Lowry and Stoddart, 1989 from northeastern Brazil is described, the second record of the genus from Brazil. The new Brazilian species is morphologically close to the type species of the genus. In this paper we compare the different descriptions of Stephonyx biscayensis (Chevreux, 1908) and recommend the necessity of a revision, since some described species may or may not be S. biscayensis.

This paper describes a species of the genus Cyphocaris Boeck, 1871, the first record of the family Cyphocarididae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997 from Brazil. Two specimens, both females, were found in the stomach contents of a tuna caught in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. The new species is characterized by coxae 4 and 5 both large, coxa 4 partially overlapping coxae 2–3; coxa of pereopod 5 with ventral laminar projection and well-developed anteroventral lobe, broadly rounded and apically folded backwards, basis with anterior margin broadly rounded and posterior margin with large subacute naked projection (or spur); uropod 3, outer ramus paddle-shaped; and telson elongate and deeply cleft, with a nail.

A new species of the genus Shoemakerella Pirlot, 1936 is described for the Southeastern Brazilian continental shelf. The new species is easily recognized from the others in the genus mainly by the shape of the gnathopod 2. This is the first species of Shoemakerella from Brazilian waters.