386 results
Search Results
2. Entangled collectives: riverine people, landscapes, and emerged infrastructures on a climate change background.
- Author
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Radaelli, Aline and Menin, Júlia
- Subjects
ELECTRIC lines ,CARGO ships ,NATURAL gas pipelines ,CLIMATE change ,LANDSCAPES - Abstract
Copyright of Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology & Society is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Drivers of respiratory health care demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Morello, Thiago, Lima, Aldo Santos, and da Silva, Rubicleis Gomes
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,DIAGNOSTIC use of polymerase chain reaction ,CROSS-sectional method ,SOCIAL impact ,NONLINEAR regression - Abstract
Background: The scarce knowledge about the drivers of demand for respiratory health care in the Brazilian Amazon, where the gap of human and physical health care resources is wide, is expanded with two surveys conducted in the west of the region, in Acre state. Potential drivers, informed by a review of twelve recent papers, were classified into seven categories capturing the individual, household, community and macroeconomic dimensions.Methods: Quantitative field surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2019 based on coupled conglomerate-quota randomization sampling. Adults responded about their own health or their children's health. The probability of seeking physician care for the latest episode of respiratory illness or dry cough was analysed with multiple nonlinear regressions, having as covariates the potential predictors informed by the literature.Results: The propensity to seek health care and to purchase medication was larger for children. Influenza-like illness (Despite the exact diagnostic stated by respondents being "influenza", a virus detection test (such as the PCR test) is not commonly applied, as informed by the Acre state public health service. In consistency, the term "influenza-like illness" is used.) was the most frequently diagnosed disease, followed by pneumonia, suggesting that a health care-seeking rate below 40% may perpetuate health impairment and local contagion. Illnesses' severity, including the pain experienced, was the main predictor, revealing that subjective perception was more influential than objective individual and household characteristics.Conclusions: The results suggest that subjective underestimation of respiratory illnesses' consequences for oneself and for local society could prevent health care from being sought. This is in line with some previous studies but departs from those emphasizing the role of objective factors. Social consequences, of, for instance, a macroeconomic nature, need to be highlighted based on studies detecting long-run relationships among health care demand, health and economic performance at the national level. Depending on the intensity of the trade-off between the costs imposed on the health system by increased demand and on the economy by the reduced productivity of the ill, policy could be adopted to change subjective perceptions of illnesses with nudges and educational and informational interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Evaluation of the CMIP6 Performance in Simulating Precipitation in the Amazon River Basin.
- Author
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Monteverde, Corrie, De Sales, Fernando, and Jones, Charles
- Subjects
WATERSHEDS ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,WATER security ,ORTHOGONAL functions - Abstract
The Brazilian Amazon provides important hydrological cycle functions, including precipitation regimes that bring water to the people and environment and are critical to moisture recycling and transport, and represents an important variable for climate models to simulate accurately. This paper evaluates the performance of 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. This is done by discussing results from spatial pattern mapping, Taylor diagram analysis and Taylor skill score, annual climatology comparison, cumulative distribution analysis, and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Precipitation analysis shows: (1) This region displays higher rainfall in the north-northwest and drier conditions in the south. Models tend to underestimate northern values or overestimate the central to northwest averages. (2) The southern Amazon has a more defined dry season (June, July, and August) and wet season (December, January, and February) and models simulate this well. The northern Amazon dry season tends to occur in August, September, and October and the wet season occurs in March, April, and May, and models are not able to capture the climatology as well. Models tend to produce too much rainfall at the start of the wet season and tend to either over- or under-estimate the dry season, although ensemble means typically display the overall pattern more precisely. (3) Models struggle to capture extreme values of precipitation except when precipitation values are close to 0. (4) EOF analysis shows that models capture the dominant mode of variability, which was the annual cycle or South American Monsoon System. (5) When all evaluation metrics are considered, the models that perform best are CESM2, MIROC6, MRIESM20, SAM0UNICON, and the ensemble mean. This paper supports research in determining the most up-to-date CMIP6 model performance of precipitation regime for 1981–2014 for the Brazilian Amazon. Results will aid in understanding future projections of precipitation for the selected subset of global climate models and allow scientists to construct reliable model ensembles, as precipitation plays a role in many sectors of the economy, including the ecosystem, agriculture, energy, and water security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Reverse supply chain practices for construction and demolition waste in the Brazilian Amazon: a multi-stakeholder view.
- Author
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Brandao, R., Edwards, D. J., Melo, A. C. S., and Macedo, A. N.
- Abstract
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an environmental problem that affects all regions of the world. Particularly in the Brazilian Amazon Forest region, the volume of CDW generated almost doubled between 2007 and 2019. Indeed, despite Brazil having environmental regulations for waste management, these have been insufficient to solve the environmental problem because there is no CDW reverse supply chain (RSC) properly developed in the Amazon region. Previous studies have proposed a conceptual model of a CDW RSC but have hitherto failed to apply them against real world practice. This paper, therefore, attempts to test existing conceptual models that describe a CDW RSC against real industry practice prior to developing an applied model of a CDW RSC for the Brazilian Amazon. To modify the conceptual model for CDW RSC, qualitative data through 15 semi-structured interviews with five different types of stakeholders of the Amazonian CDW RSC were collected and analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods using NVivo software. The proposed applied model includes present and future reverse logistics (RL) practices, and strategies and tasks necessary for the implementation of a CDW RSC in the city of Belém of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. Findings reveal that several overlooked problems, particularly the limitations of the existing legal framework in Brazil, are not enough to promote a robust CDW RSC. This is perhaps the first study to examine CDW RSC in the Amazonian rainforest. Arguments provided in this study highlight the necessity for an Amazonian CDW RSC that must be promoted and regulated by the government. This can be addressed by the utilizing public–private partnership (PPP) for developing a CDW RSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Agricultural settlement and soil quality in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
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Burton H. Singer and Marcia C. Castro
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Amazon rainforest ,business.industry ,Agroforestry ,Settlement projects ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Brazilian Amazon ,Agrarian reform ,Soil quality ,Environmental protection ,Agriculture ,Deforestation ,Scale (social sciences) ,Human settlement ,Economics ,Settlement (trust) ,business ,Demography - Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of poor or non-existent information on soil quality, at the proper scale, during the planning and implementation of settlement projects in the Brazilian Amazon. Based on data from the Machadinho settlement project, Rondonia, we show that most settlers had no knowledge about the agricultural capability of the area, did not receive technical information, could not afford agricultural inputs, planted inadequate crops in the early years of occupation, and did not manage to stay in their plot for a long period of time. Satellite images indicated that patches of land with good soil quality were not necessarily the first to be utilized. Inadequately planned settlements face many challenges (poor soil being one of them) and are likely to result in land turnover, conversion of land into pasture, land concentration among wealthier persons, invasion of areas by poorer people, and deforestation, defying the main purpose of agrarian reform.
- Published
- 2011
7. Challenges to smallholder forestry policy reform on a post-industrial logging frontier: lessons from the Amazon estuary.
- Author
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CROMBERG, M., CRONKLETON, P., MENTON, M., and SEARS, R. R.
- Subjects
SMALL-scale forestry ,REGULATORY reform ,REFORMS ,LOGGING ,ESTUARIES ,FOREST management ,FOREST policy - Abstract
Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Drivers of land use change and household determinants of sustainability in smallholder farming systems of Eastern Uganda
- Author
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Peter Ebanyat, Nico de Ridder, Robert J. Delve, Mateete A. Bekunda, Ken E. Giller, and Andre de Jager
- Subjects
Cash crop ,Land management ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Farm typology ,Agricultural economics ,LEI MARKT & K - Duurzame Handel en Ketenvorming ,soil fertility management ,southern mali ,Economics ,Population growth ,Land use, land-use change and forestry ,Land use change ,Productivity ,agriculture ,Demography ,Original Paper ,Land use ,business.industry ,dynamics ,Political instability ,PE&RC ,use patterns ,cover change ,level evidence ,Plant Production Systems ,sub-saharan africa ,Agriculture ,Plantaardige Productiesystemen ,Sustainability ,brazilian amazon ,Mixed farming ,business ,nutrient balances - Abstract
Smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa have undergone changes in land use, productivity and sustainability. Understanding of the drivers that have led to changes in land use in these systems and factors that influence the systems’ sustainability is useful to guide appropriate targeting of intervention strategies for improvement. We studied low input Teso farming systems in eastern Uganda from 1960 to 2001 in a place-based analysis combined with a comparative analysis of similar low input systems in southern Mali. This study showed that policy-institutional factors next to population growth have driven land use changes in the Teso systems, and that nutrient balances of farm households are useful indicators to identify their sustainability. During the period of analysis, the fraction of land under cultivation increased from 46 to 78%, and communal grazing lands nearly completely disappeared. Cropping diversified over time; cassava overtook cotton and millet in importance, and rice emerged as an alternative cash crop. Impacts of political instability, such as the collapse of cotton marketing and land management institutions, of communal labour arrangements and aggravation of cattle rustling were linked to the changes. Crop productivity in the farming systems is poor and nutrient balances differed between farm types. Balances of N, P and K were all positive for larger farms (LF) that had more cattle and derived a larger proportion of their income from off-farm activities, whereas on the medium farms (MF), small farms with cattle (SF1) and without cattle (SF2) balances were mostly negative. Sustainability of the farming system is driven by livestock, crop production, labour and access to off-farm income. Building private public partnerships around market-oriented crops can be an entry point for encouraging investment in use of external nutrient inputs to boost productivity in such African farming systems. However, intervention strategies should recognise the diversity and heterogeneity between farms to ensure efficient use of these external inputs.
- Published
- 2010
9. Governança da mudança climática global na Amazônia brasileira: o caso dos municípios amazonenses no Brasil
- Author
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Cristina Yumie Aoki Inoue
- Subjects
History ,Amazon rainforest ,Natural resource economics ,Amazonian ,Corporate governance ,Global warming ,Climate change ,lcsh:International relations ,lcsh:Political science ,governança do clima global ,Brazilian Amazon ,Pulp and paper industry ,Amazônia brasileira ,Geography ,climate change ,Climate governance ,Political Science and International Relations ,governance of global climate ,mudança climática ,lcsh:J ,lcsh:JZ2-6530 - Abstract
With regards to the debate about governance of climate change, it should be assumed that the Amazon region plays an important role, as this large area is highly vulnerable to its effects. In this sense, this article aims to discuss how some Amazonian municipalities of Brazil have been taking part in the complexes and multilayered processes of climate governance. Com relação ao debate sobre a governança climática global, assume-se que a região amazônica deve desempenhar um importante papel, já que essa grande área é altamente vulnerável aos seus efeitos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir como que alguns municípios brasileiros têm participado dos complexos e multivariados processos de governança climática.
- Published
- 2012
10. Challenges to Smallholder Forestry Policy Reform on a Postindustrial Logging Frontier: Lessons from the Amazon Estuary
- Author
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Cromberg, M., Cronkleton, P., Menton, M., and Sears, R.R.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The use of computer tablets in sociodemographic surveys under unfavorable field conditions – an application in land use and cover change studies in the Amazon.
- Author
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de Oliveira D’Antona, Álvaro and Gobbo Alves, José Diego
- Abstract
We describe the use of tablet computers with ESRI Survey123 for data collection in sociodemographic surveys applied to land use and cover change studies. Based on the administration of 716 questionnaires during the expedition carried out in 2022 in 64 rural communities along the Rio Negro River, in the Brazilian Amazon, we evaluate the advantages of computer-aided personal interviewing (CAPI) instead of paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI). The results point to reduced research time and costs, including for training, fieldwork supervision, and data processing. The unit cost of the questionnaire was reduced by an estimated 10%. We observed positive impacts on data quality, contact with communities, and dissemination of geocoded results. We conclude that the approach adopted by us was sufficient for the success of the survey, which indicates that CAPI can be used under unfavorable field conditions (lack of electricity and poor internet connection). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The effects of crop-to-beef relative prices on deforestation: evidence from the Tapajós Basin.
- Author
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Bragança, Arthur
- Subjects
DEFORESTATION ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,LAND use - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of changes in agricultural land use on deforestation at the local level in the Tapajós Basin in the Brazilian Amazon. It uses exogenous variation in crop-to-beef relative prices to investigate the effects of pasture-to-cropland conversion on deforestation. The findings indicate that increases in crop-to-beef relative prices increase the rate of pasture-to-cropland conversion and reduce the rate of deforestation. The magnitude of the effects implies that land conversion reduced deforestation at the local level by 5,300 square kilometers from 2002 to 2012. This reduction is the equivalent of almost 15 per cent of the total deforestation observed in the region during this period. These results are consistent with a land use model in which cattle ranching and crop cultivation have different input-intensities and there is imperfect mobility of productive factors between municipalities. This model highlights the fact that changes in relative prices affect deforestation through its effect on input prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Premature Birth Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
- Author
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Meem, Kazi Rafat Haa, Islam, Sadia, Adnan, Ahmed Omar Salim, Momen, Sifat, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Silhavy, Radek, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Dinâmicas de conhecimento e uso de plantas medicinais em um assentamento rural de Belém do Pará -- PA.
- Author
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Correa de Oliveira Melo, Paula Maria, Santos, Ronize da Silva, and Coelho-Ferreira, Marlia
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,PLANT communities ,LOCAL knowledge ,SOCIAL influence ,SEMI-structured interviews ,MEDICINAL plants ,PLANT diversity - Abstract
Copyright of Rodriguésia is the property of Revista Rodriguesia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Population and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: a mediating perspective and a mixed-method analysis.
- Author
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Sydenstricker-Neto, John
- Subjects
DEFORESTATION ,POPULATION & the environment ,MIXED methods research ,LAND use ,FUZZY sets - Abstract
As progress is made in understanding the dynamics of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC), arguments that view population pressure as one of the major factors affecting forest destruction continue to be framed. Following the advances in the field of population-environment studies, this paper contends that a full account of the complex web of drivers involved in tropical deforestation needs to go beyond demographics per se. This paper examines the contribution of the 'population factor' as a cause of deforestation in Machadinho D'Oeste, Rondônia, Brazilian Amazonia, an area with significant small-scale farming. Conceptually, the paper shows that socioeconomic status and mediating factors (i.e., education, managerial skills, previous rural experience, integration into the local, and regional contexts), and attitudes and behaviors toward the land parcel development mediate migrants' relationships with the local environment. The analysis combines multiple data sources (i.e., demographic census, household survey, land-cover maps, in-depth interviews) and analytical approaches (i.e., fuzzy sets statistics, remote-sensing/GIS analysis, interpretivist qualitative assessment) to examine the complex interrelationships between LUCC and human population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Local knowledge, know‐how and knowledge mobilized in a globalized world: A new approach of indigenous local ecological knowledge.
- Author
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Congretel, Mélanie, Pinton, Florence, and Root‐Bernstein, Meredith
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTALISM ,SOCIAL networks ,SUSTAINABILITY ,BIODIVERSITY ,STRUCTURAL analysis (Science) - Abstract
Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The first botanical explorations of bryophyte diversity in the Brazilian Amazon mountains: high species diversity, low endemism, and low similarity.
- Author
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Costa, Denise Pinheiro, Nadal, Fernanda, and da Rocha, Tainá Carreira
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SPATIAL variation ,SPECIES diversity ,BRYOPHYTES ,SPECIES distribution ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,PLANT conservation ,PLANT diversity - Abstract
We investigated the species richness, endemism, and similarity of the bryoflora (mosses and liverworts) on five Brazilian Amazon mountains (four Tepuis and one rocky outcrop), to determine the floristic relationships between them using presence/absence matrix. Cluster analysis based on the Jaccard index was used to determine similarities between the plant assemblages in five areas. We also performed a principal component analysis to determine which abiotic variables best explained the variations between those mountains. We surveyed the bryophyte species on each of the five mountains to identify the diversity of mosses and liverworts and to answer to the following questions: (1) How many bryophyte species are there in total area (gama diversity) and on each mountain (alpha diversity)? (2) Do mosses and liverworts share patterns of diversity? (3) Can patterns of alpha diversity be used to predict patterns of beta diversity? (4) What are the species distribution patterns? (5) How many endemic species are there in the mountains? and, (6) Is there high similarity among those bryophyte floras? We encountered 425 species, 144 genera, and 51 families of bryophytes, with Lejeuneaceae and Lepidoziaceae being the richest families. A considerable number of floristic novelties were encountered: 18 species new to Brazil; 39 species new to northern Brazil; 21 species new to Amazonas State; and 2 species new to science and only recently described. Over 43% of the bryophytes have a tropical America distribution, approximately 7% are Pantropical, 6.5% are Afro-American, and 3% are endemic to Brazil (6 liverworts and 6 mosses), and 6% are widespread globally. We present a checklist of 425 bryophyte species (144 genera and 51 families) of which 12 are endemic. Patterns of endemism of the bryophyte flora on the Tepuis differ from those exhibited by angiosperms (in the latter three times higher). Thirty-nine of these species were new for the Amazonia domain in Brazil, increasing by 7% the previous total of Amazonian recorded species. The similarity between sites was low, ranging from 3 to 25%. PCA analysis showed temperature variables explaining the greater part of the variance (76.6%) between the mountains. Our results demonstrate that patterns of alpha diversity cannot be used to predict patterns of beta diversity. This paper represents the first evaluation of bryophytes on five Brazilian Amazon mountains, giving insight into their species richness, endemism, and similarity, and providing baseline information for analyzing species' turnover rates, migration, invasion events, etc. These results also represent an increase in our general knowledge of the Brazilian bryoflora and are relevant to the conservation of bryophyte diversity in the Amazon forest, and represent a contribution toward the targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. URBANIZAÇÃO EXTENSIVA E RECONFIGURAÇÃO RURAL NA AMAZÔNIA: UMA PROPOSTA TEÓRICOMETODOLÓGICA BASEADA EM INDICADORES DEMOGRÁFICOS E ESPACIAIS.
- Author
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Corrêa Côrtes, Julia, de Oliveira D'Antona, Álvaro, and Ojima, Ricardo
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INNER cities ,SEX ratio ,URBANIZATION ,RURALITY ,DISTANCES - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Population and Land Use Effects on Malaria Prevalence in the Southern Brazilian Amazon.
- Author
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Barbieri, Alisson F., Sawyer, Dana Oya, and Soares-Filho, Britaldo Silveira
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MALARIA ,PROTOZOAN diseases ,LAND use ,LAND economics ,LAND settlement ,GOLD mining ,RANCHING - Abstract
Malaria prevalence has been one of the most dramatic outcomes of the occupation of the Brazilian Amazon as exemplified by Northern Mato Grosso, one of the areas of highest malaria prevalence in the Americas in the early 1990s. This paper associates the dynamicsof high malaria prevalence in Northern Mato Grosso with three land uses—small-scalegold mining ( garimpos), agricultural colonization/cattle ranching (rural), and urban activities—and their related population characteristics, which constitute riskprofiles. Furthermore, spatial proximity and population mobility between (a) garimpos and new rural settlements and (b) older rural settlements or urban areas are key factors explaining malaria diffusion throughout the region. The paper identifies and characterizes populations at high malaria risk and the effects of land use types on malaria diffusion, providing policymakers with information for regional and local policies to control malaria and minimize its effects on Amazonian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Assessing the performance of voluntary environmental agreements under high monitoring costs: Evidence from the Brazilian Amazon.
- Author
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Miranda, Bruno Varella and de Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães
- Subjects
- *
DEFERRED prosecution , *TRANSACTION costs , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *PROPERTY rights , *STANDARD deviations - Abstract
Voluntary environmental arrangements generally coexist with State-based and private rules, creating a property rights system that legitimizes certain behaviors. In a world of positive transaction costs, legitimacy ensues from imperfect monitoring activities, opening room for opportunism. In this paper, we discuss how the existence of multiple rules in a scenario of high monitoring costs affects the performance of an environmental policy. We discuss the case of deferred prosecution agreements (TAC, acronym in Portuguese), which are voluntary arrangements designed with the goal of incentivizing slaughterhouses to monitor the environmental practices of ranchers in the Brazilian Amazon. More specifically, we study how the signature of a TAC agreement affects deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazônia Legal region at the municipality level. This paper adopts a difference-in-differences approach to analyze a sample of Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2017. Our results, which remain robust across alternative estimators and subsamples, show that the signature of a TAC agreement increases deforestation rates by 0.2 standard deviations. We argue that the signature of a TAC agreement, by creating an imperfect proxy for "good behavior" that enables both compliant and non-compliant organizations to access credit, may incentivize deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The value of property rights and environmental policy in Brazil: Evidence from a new database on land prices.
- Author
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Moffette, Fanny, Phaneuf, Daniel, Rausch, Lisa, and Gibbs, Holly K.
- Subjects
PROPERTY rights ,ENVIRONMENTAL compliance ,NATURAL language processing ,REAL property sales & prices ,LAND titles - Abstract
• We analyze 12,000 parcels in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes. • Scraped weekly, our data come from online advertisements of land sale offers. • Hedonic analysis reveals low net benefits from formal private property rights. • Environmental compliance with the Forest Code does not alter parcel prices. • Results highlight challenges to property entitlement and environmental compliance. Lack of property rights is associated with lower investment, development, and welfare. In the Brazilian Amazon, insecure property rights have historically led to civil conflicts and deforestation, which would be expected to provide incentives for landowners to seek formal title. In this paper, we construct a novel database of land prices in Brazil to measure the market value of formal title to land and compliance with environmental regulation. Using online advertisements of land sale offers scraped from a widely used seller's platform, we first estimate a hedonic model that regresses the last offer price on property attributes such as farm-level agricultural production, land characteristics, structure amenities, and capital equipment included in the offer, as well as spatial and temporal fixed effects. We use this hedonic model to examine how property rights and environmental compliance capitalize into land prices across the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Our main results imply low net benefits from property rights and low net benefits from compliance with the central Brazilian regulation that aims to maintain forest cover, the Forest Code. Finally, we estimate a duration model that follows the sequence of weekly offers for a specific property until it sells. Our findings show that parcels compliant with the Forest Code sell 46 % faster in the Amazon, while entitled properties in the Cerrado sell 9 % faster, unless they are compliant with the Forest Code, which requires a substantial portion of the property to be under native vegetation cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Protected Areas in the Brazilian Amazon Threatened by Cycles of Property Registration, Cattle Ranching, and Deforestation.
- Author
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Candino, Malena, Brandão Jr., A., Munger, J., Rausch, L., and Gibbs, H. K.
- Subjects
PRIVATE property ,FOREST conservation ,RANCHING ,RANCHES ,TRANSACTION records - Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) in the Brazilian Amazon have proven to be critical in preserving the rainforest but face increasing threats. Since 2019, illegal activities and land conflicts involving PAs have escalated due to the weakening of environmental institutions. Therefore, up-to-date research is needed to evaluate agricultural pressures on PAs—including Sustainable Use Areas, Indigenous Territories, and Strictly Protected Areas—given its importance in driving deforestation in the Amazon, and to identify hotspots of concern. We analyzed property registration, deforestation, pasture expansion, and cattle transaction records within 158 PAs in the Brazilian state of Pará, which holds most of the remaining forest and the highest rates of deforestation. Our findings show that nearly a quarter of Pará's 2019–2022 deforestation occurred within PAs, undermining their effectiveness as conservation tools. Despite prohibitions, we found illegally registered private properties in most PA categories including indigenous territories and over a 100% increase in deforestation within PAs from 2015–2018. Over 90% of PAs contained pasturelands in 2022, but only half of them had registered cattle transactions within their borders, which suggests the presence of clandestine cattle activities in these areas as well. Indirect sales to slaughterhouses coming from PAs increased during the study period, potentially due to efforts by ranchers to obscure such cattle origins from companies that are increasingly monitoring their direct suppliers. Finally, we identified 17 high-risk PAs concentrating most threats. Focusing monitoring efforts on property registries and cattle transactions in these areas could significantly reduce illegal deforestation and illegal cattle ranching. While PAs are considered to be cornerstones of forest conservation efforts, our findings show that current policies fail to prevent cycles of land grabbing, illegal ranching, and deforestation that can eventually lead to the downgrading, downsizing, and degazetting of PAs. Given this context, validating property claims, tracing cattle sales, and penalizing deforestation are urgently needed to halt these cycles that threaten PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Construindo a governança local para a gestão socioambiental na Amazônia.
- Author
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Louis Sablayrolles, Philippe Jean, Miyasaka Porro, Noemi Sakiara, and Cesar de Oliveira, Myriam Cyntia
- Subjects
FOREST management ,PUBLIC relations firms ,LAND reform ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,COMMUNITY forests ,INTERORGANIZATIONAL networks - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Spatial determinants and future land use scenarios of Paragominas municipality, an old agricultural frontier in Amazonia.
- Author
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Osis, Reinis, Laurent, François, and Poccard-Chapuis, René
- Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of the main spatial determinants of land use dynamics and simulates past and future scenarios of land use in Paragominas, an old agricultural frontier in Amazonia. Deforestation rates have been reduced since 2007–2008 but soybean cropping and tree plantations are currently undergoing intense expansion. During this transition period, deforestation has shifted from areas close to paved roads to more distant areas and to small farms. Soybean and tree plantations expanded away from paved roads. Soybean crop distribution has a marked influence on the the agricultural potential of the land. Future scenario simulations indicate a loss of almost half of the municipality's forests by 2030 if pre-2007–2008 transition rates are considered. Zero deforestation scenarios show competition between pastureland and cropland, especially on the fertile plateaus. These results highlight the changes in spatial rules and the role of natural factors in an old agricultural frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Socioeconomic dynamics of a mining town in Amazon: a case study from Canaã dos Carajás, Brazil.
- Author
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Matlaba, Valente José, Maneschy, Maria Cristina, Filipe dos Santos, Jorge, and Mota, José Aroudo
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL services ,CITIES & towns ,FINANCIAL crises ,IRON ores ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This research focuses on a mining frontier in the municipality of Canaã dos Carajás, located in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon. The method involved a combination of secondary data with field research. The latter is based on in-person interviews with a sample of 253 households. The paper analyzes the municipality and its inhabitant's socioeconomic situation and captures the views of residents about life in the town. The results showed that mining played an important role in increase of Canaã's income and exports, despite the late 2000s economic crises. Consequently, many socioeconomic indicators improved in Canaã. However, inequality increase and employment fall associated with S11D operation pose challenges to the municipality—currently and possibly in the future. Canaã expects high amounts of royalties of iron ore exploitation. These royalties can help the municipality's economy if the planning and political-institutional contexts are adequate. Field work dataset showed that Canaã's population is essentially migrant who arrived after 2004 seeking work and income opportunities, as an effect of mining growth. Nevertheless, people became more skeptical as a consequence of S11D operation and jobs loss, many businesses closure and drastic reduction of movement in the city. The results show the challenge to convert the increasing income from different stages of mining activity into permanently better and broader public services. This result is especially important in the studied case of a recent town located in the southeast Amazonia, whose dynamics are strongly linked to mining economics, and faces effects of changes in stages of large-scale mining projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Povo Paiter e a utilização de tecnologias para a gestão da Terra Indígena Sete de Setembro, RO.
- Author
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Suruí, Gasodá, de Almeida Silva, Adnilson, and Torres Rodriguez, Martin Ignácio
- Abstract
Copyright of Terr@ Plural is the property of Terr@ Plural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Paving (through) Amazonia: neoliberal urbanism and the reperipheralization of Roraima.
- Author
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Kanai, J. Miguel and da Silva Oliveira, Rafael
- Subjects
PAVEMENTS ,CITIES & towns ,NEOLIBERALISM ,DEVELOPMENTALISM (Economics) ,TRANSNATIONALISM ,ECONOMIC competition ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
This paper examines the neoliberal reshaping of infrastructure provision in Brazil's extreme north since the mid-1990s, when roadway investments resulted in unprecedented regional connectivity. The BR-174 upgrade, the era's most important project, marked a transition from resource-based developmentalism to free-market transnationalism. Primarily concerned with urban competitiveness, the federal government funded the trunk roadway's paving to facilitate manufacturing exports from Manaus. While an effort was made to minimize deforestation, planners sidelined development implications in adjacent Roraima. The state's urban system has thus experienced reperipheralization and intensified primacy. Market-led growth now compounds the inheritance of hierarchical centralism and ongoing governmental neglect. Our study shows a vast territory dependent on primate cities for basic goods and services. Travelling with Roraimans from bypassed towns, we detected long-distance passenger transportation and surface logistics with selective routes. Heterogeneous Roraiman (im)mobilities comprise middle-class tourism and heightened consumerism as well as informal mobility tactics and transnational circulations of precarious labor. The paper exhorts neoliberal urbanism research to look beyond both EuroAmerica's metropoles and their Global South counterparts. Urbanization dynamics in Brazil's extreme north demonstrate that market-disciplined investments to globalize cities produce far-reaching spatial effects. These are felt even by functionally-articulatedyet- marginalized peripheries in ostensibly remote locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Interspecific differences in the oleoresin production of Copaifera L. (Fabaceae) in the Amazon rainforest
- Author
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Martins, Karina, Herrero-Jáuregui, Cristina, da Costa, Patrícia, Tonini, Hélio, de M. Bentes-Gama, Michelliny, Vieira, Abadio H., and de O. Wadt, Lúcia Helena
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Colonization and Epidemic Diseases in the Upper Rio Negro Region, Brazilian Amazon (Eighteenth-Nineteenth Centuries).
- Author
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Buchillet, Dominique
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The GSTP1 rs1695 Polymorphism Is Associated with Mercury Levels and Neurodevelopmental Delay in Indigenous Munduruku Children from the Brazilian Amazon.
- Author
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Silva, Mayara Calixto da, Basta, Paulo Cesar, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Oliveira, Mirian Akiko Furutani de, Kempton, Joeseph William, Oliveira, Rogério Adas Ayres de, Vasconcellos, Ana Claudia Santiago de, and Perini, Jamila Alessandra
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS children ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,POLYMORPHISM (Zoology) ,MERCURY vapor ,NEURAL development ,MERCURY ,GENETIC counseling - Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms may influence mercury (Hg) toxicity. The aims of this study were to evaluate individual factors, such as the presence of the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism, associated with internal Hg dose and child neurodevelopment in indigenous people from the Brazilian Amazon chronically exposed to Hg. Eighty-two indigenous children were clinically evaluated, hair Hg was measured, and the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism was genotyped. The mean age was 4.8 years, the median Hg was 5.5 µg/g, and 93.8% of children exceeded the safe limit (2.0 µg/g). Fish consumption was associated with Hg levels (p = 0.03). The GSTP1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism was in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the highest prevalence of the GSTP1 AA genotype (80%) was found in Sawré Aboy, which had the highest Hg levels (10 µg/g) among the studied villages. The Hg levels tended to increase over the years in males and in carriers of the GSTP1 AA genotype (0.69 µg/g and 0.86 µg/g, respectively). Nine children failed the neurodevelopmental test, all of whom had Hg > 2.0 µg/g, and 88.9% carried the GSTP1 AA or AG genotypes, previously associated with the highest internal Hg doses and neurocognitive disorders. The genetic counseling of this population is important to identify the individuals at greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from chronic Hg exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TIMBER EXPLOITATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON.
- Author
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dos Santos, Vladimir Faria and da Cruz Vieira, Wilson
- Subjects
PROPERTY rights ,DEFORESTATION ,GAME theory ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegócio is the property of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegocio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
32. Exploring climate extremes in Brazil’s Legal Amazon
- Author
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de Bodas Terassi, Paulo Miguel, Galvani, Emerson, Gobo, João Paulo Assis, da Silva Oscar-Júnior, Antonio Carlos, Luiz-Silva, Wanderson, Sobral, Bruno Serafini, de Gois, Givanildo, and Biffi, Vitor Hugo Rosa
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Crossing spatial analyses and livestock economics to understand deforestation processes in the Brazilian Amazon: the case of Sa˜o Fe´lix do Xingu´ in South Para´
- Author
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Mertens, B., Poccard-Chapuis, R., Piketty, M.-G., Lacques, A.-E., and Venturieri, A.
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,LIVESTOCK - Abstract
The Amazon is the largest tropical forest area on Earth, and has been undergoing rapid deforestation for the last four decades. In the Brazilian Amazon, large-scale pasture for cattle ranching and soybean production are the main land uses, leading to a yearly deforestation rate of 0.5%. These conversions are mostly located in frontier areas distributed along the so-called “arc of deforestation”. Within this large zone, various land use change processes are interacting through several modes of land valuation and organisation. From several case studies in the State of Para´ (Brazil), the current project aims at analysing how landscape dynamics are related to infrastructure development, ecological conditions, zoning policies and to the evolution and the organisation of the production, consumption and marketing chains of livestock products. This paper presents the results for one test site, the region of Sa˜o Fe´lix do Xingu´, South of Para´. This region is the focus of land speculation, cattle expansion, and deforestation. Road construction, investments in electrical energy, financial credit for cattle, and the land reform policies have all fuelled this process. All these factors make this region one of the most dynamic agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. The main objective of the paper is to improve our understanding of deforestation processes by crossing spatial analyses and livestock economics studies, and to characterise the role and impact of various natural and anthropic factors in the location and development of the main types of farmers, and their policy implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Um SUS para a Amazônia: contribuições do pensamento de Boaventura de Sousa Santos.
- Author
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Rocha El Kadri, Michele and Machado de Freitas, Carlos
- Subjects
HEALTH planning ,SOCIAL development ,POPULATION density ,HEGEMONY ,SOCIAL anxiety - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. O ACORDO VERDE PARA A AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA.
- Author
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Pinheiro Braga, Erwin Di Tarso and Alcântara Alencar, Douglas
- Abstract
The fast climate change that is felt on the planet, evidenced by the unsustainable scenario of waste generated by the current sources and loss of biodiversity, shows the necessity of changes in the energetic and material sources. Within the scope of these discussions, the Amazon is always seen as a crucial point. In this scenario, this paper proposes a green accord for the Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, it is analyzed the preservation of the Amazon, the contextualization of the necessity of changes on the economy and the Modern Monetary Theory as supportive of this governance of economic transition, placed per suggestions and proposals in that green accord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Evaluation of the CMIP6 Performance in Simulating Precipitation in the Amazon River Basin
- Author
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Corrie Monteverde, Fernando De Sales, and Charles Jones
- Subjects
Brazilian Amazon ,South America ,precipitation ,global climate models (GCMs) ,Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ,CHIRPS ,Science - Abstract
The Brazilian Amazon provides important hydrological cycle functions, including precipitation regimes that bring water to the people and environment and are critical to moisture recycling and transport, and represents an important variable for climate models to simulate accurately. This paper evaluates the performance of 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. This is done by discussing results from spatial pattern mapping, Taylor diagram analysis and Taylor skill score, annual climatology comparison, cumulative distribution analysis, and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Precipitation analysis shows: (1) This region displays higher rainfall in the north-northwest and drier conditions in the south. Models tend to underestimate northern values or overestimate the central to northwest averages. (2) The southern Amazon has a more defined dry season (June, July, and August) and wet season (December, January, and February) and models simulate this well. The northern Amazon dry season tends to occur in August, September, and October and the wet season occurs in March, April, and May, and models are not able to capture the climatology as well. Models tend to produce too much rainfall at the start of the wet season and tend to either over- or under-estimate the dry season, although ensemble means typically display the overall pattern more precisely. (3) Models struggle to capture extreme values of precipitation except when precipitation values are close to 0. (4) EOF analysis shows that models capture the dominant mode of variability, which was the annual cycle or South American Monsoon System. (5) When all evaluation metrics are considered, the models that perform best are CESM2, MIROC6, MRIESM20, SAM0UNICON, and the ensemble mean. This paper supports research in determining the most up-to-date CMIP6 model performance of precipitation regime for 1981–2014 for the Brazilian Amazon. Results will aid in understanding future projections of precipitation for the selected subset of global climate models and allow scientists to construct reliable model ensembles, as precipitation plays a role in many sectors of the economy, including the ecosystem, agriculture, energy, and water security.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Inviting oversight: Effects of forest certification on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
- Author
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Rana, Pushpendra and Sills, Erin O.
- Subjects
- *
CERTIFICATION , *FORESTS & forestry , *DEFORESTATION , *FIXED effects model - Abstract
• We employ nearest neighbor matching to obtain a balanced sample of pixels from certified and non-certified forests. • We estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and Two-Way Fixed Effect Models (TWFE) with the matched pixel-level data. • Inviting oversight by FSC reduces the probability of deforestation in private properties designated for sustainable forest management. • The greatest potential of forest certification lies in regions with low governance capacity and high deforestation pressure. • Scaling up of certification in new areas can make real contributions to protecting forests and mitigating and adapting to climate change. In the American tropics, logging is almost always highly selective, leaving most of the forest standing and available for future harvest under sustainable forest management. However, forest that has been logged is often more accessible to deforestation agents such as farmers. Thus, areas legally designated for sustainable forest management in reality may be more susceptible to illegal deforestation. Third-party certification of sustainable forest management is one strategy for protecting such forest. In this paper, we estimate the effect of certification by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) on deforestation, drawing on data from the years 2001 to 2019. We observe strong selection effects resulting in systematic differences between certified forest areas and other forest areas designated for sustainable forest management, and we find that after controlling for those selection effects, inviting oversight by FSC reduces the probability of deforestation. Our study design compares forests "treated" with FSC certification to "control" forests designated for sustainable forest management but not (yet) certified in the two Brazilian states of Pará and Rondônia. Adopting pixel-based analyses, we first create a matched sample of treated and control pixels and then estimate GLMM models, with two-way fixed effects (TWFE) models as a robustness check. We find that where forest managers have obtained certification and thus invited oversight by FSC auditors, rates of forest loss are lower (although the results are not fully robust across regions). The estimated effects vary across regions, likely due to varying socioeconomic and policy contexts and competing land uses. We conclude that especially in settings of low governance capacity and high deforestation pressure, certification can contribute to long-term forest conservation by reducing deforestation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Hamburgers and the Rainforest – a Review of Issues and Evidence.
- Author
-
Bonti-Ankomah, Sam and Fox, Glenn
- Subjects
RAIN forests ,BEEF ,COOKING ,CONVENIENCE foods ,DEFORESTATION - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between North American beef consumption and deforestation in South and Central America. Some writers have argued that consumption of hamburgers in North America, particularly hamburgers consumed in fast food restaurants, contributes to the depletion of the rainforest in South and Central America. We survey the published policy literature on the causes of rainforest depletion in the region. We also review the published estimates of the rate and extent of clearing of rainforest that has occurred in South and Central America since 1970. Finally, we review the data on beef imports and consumption in Canada and the United States in a effort to assess the importance of South and Central America as suppliers of beef to the North American market. We conclude that the relationship between beef consumption in North America should not be considered an important cause of forest depletion in South and Central America. Domestic policies and market forces in the countries where rainforests are located are the leading causes of rainforest depletion in this region. This lesson seems to have been lost on some popular and even some textbook writers on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Clinical, Laboratory and Neurodevelopmental Findings in Children from the Yanomami-Ninam Population Chronically Exposed to Methylmercury.
- Author
-
Jacques, Adriana Duringer, Furutani de Oliveira, Mirian Akiko, da Silva, Mayara Calixto, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, and Basta, Paulo Cesar
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS children ,METHYLMERCURY ,NEURAL development ,INTELLIGENCE tests ,GOLD miners ,INTELLIGENCE levels ,FOOD consumption - Abstract
Despite legal safeguards, the Yanomami community faces challenges such as unauthorized incursions by gold miners, resulting in environmental degradation, particularly from mercury. This jeopardizes the health and food security of indigenous individuals, especially due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Ethnic and racial disparities persist in indigenous healthcare, marked by troubling health indicators such as malnutrition, anemia, and infectious diseases. This cross-sectional study, conducted in October 2022 in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory in the Amazon Forest, Brazil, presented clinical, laboratory, and neurodevelopmental findings in Yanomami children chronically exposed to methylmercury. The results revealed that Yanomami children exhibited weights and heights below expectations (median Z-scores of −1.855 for weight for age and −2.7 for height for age), a high prevalence of anemia (25%), low vaccination coverage (15%), and low IQ (average 68.6). The Total Hair Mercury (Total Hg) levels ranged from 0.16 µg/g to 10.20 µg/g (mean: 3.30 µg/g; median: 3.70 µg/g). Of 117 children tested, 93 children (79.4%) had levels ≥ 2.0 µg/g (had no significant difference between sex). Among the 58 children for whom it was possible to estimate the Total Intelligence Quotient (TIQ), the average value was 68.6, ranging from 42 to 92 points (median: 69.5; standard deviation: 10.5). Additionally, the lowest score on the IQ test was associated with 5 times the risk of having high levels of mercury in their hair, 2,5 fold the risk of having an older age, and almost 8 times the risk of consuming fish, adjusting for nut consumption. Notwithstanding the study's limitations, results suggest that mercury contamination from illegal mining activities on indigenous lands may negatively impact neurodevelopment in older indigenous children, particularly those fish consumers, despite the inherent benefits of fish consumption. Addressing other socio-environmental concerns is crucial for enhancing the overall health of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Fourteen-year trends in overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity in Amazonian indigenous peoples
- Author
-
Fidelis Baniwa, Eliniete de Jesus, Putira Sacuena, Eliene Rodrigues, Della Noce, Rosilene Reis, Quaresma, Vanessa Barroso, Alencar, Teodora Honorato, Lemes, Renan Barbosa, Araújo, Antônia Cherlly, Cayres-Vallinoto, Izaura Maria Vieira, and Guerreiro, João Farias
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. An empirical model for branding oriented by the environmental sustainability of the Amazon Rainforest: a hybrid structural equation modeling with fsQCA approach
- Author
-
Santos, Luiz Diego Vidal, Holanda, Francisco Sandro Rodrigues, Pedrotti, Alceu, de Medeiros, Raphael Mario Bastos, de Santana Oliveira, Catuxe Varjão, and Villwock, Ana Paula Schervinski
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Protecting Life and Lung: Protected Areas Affect Fine Particulate Matter and Respiratory Hospitalizations in the Brazilian Amazon Biome
- Author
-
Sheehan, Derek, Mullan, Katrina, West, Thales A. P., and Semmens, Erin O.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Who is going to save the Brazilian Amazon forest? Reflections on deforestation, wildlife eviction, and stewardship behavior.
- Author
-
Silva, Marianny J. B., Costa, Marconi F. da, Farias, Salomão A., and Wanderley, Lilian S. O.
- Subjects
DEFORESTATION ,RAIN forest animals ,RAIN forest conservation ,WILDLIFE conservation ,AGRICULTURAL industries ,WILDLIFE crimes ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
The Brazilian Amazon deforestation is the context for this article, approached as a crime against humanity and wildlife. Recently, Amazon forest fires have also worried most of the economically developed nations, generating criticism and demanding that the Brazilian Government be more active in preventing fires and deforestation. It is necessary to guarantee the wellbeing and health of millions of animal species that live in this habitat, avoiding their extinctions and encouraging the preservation of the forest and its inhabitants. Agribusiness, together with illegal timber trade, are blamed for most of the deforestation. In this paper, we present and discuss Brazilian Amazon deforestation data, addressing the role of agribusiness as dependent on good environmental governance. We argue how stewardship behavior needs to become a path to stop deforestation and wildlife eviction and we reflect on what marketers in Brazil and the world can do to better protect the Amazon rainforest. We conclude that the Government, companies, and society must be coresponsible for the protection of the Amazon rainforest through conservation transparency, dialogue, environmental awareness, and sustainability in production and consumption practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Rural landscapes and agrarian spaces under soybean expansion dynamics: a case study of the Santarém region, Brazilian Amazonia
- Author
-
Coelho, Andréa, Aguiar, Ana, Toledo, Peter, Araújo, Roberto, do Canto, Otávio, Folhes, Ricardo, and Adami, Marcos
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Selvester QRS score as an estimative of myocardial injury in acute chagasic patients from the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
-
do Nascimento Couceiro, Katia, Ortiz, Jessica Vanina, do Nascimento Correia, Michael, da Silva e Silva, Mônica Regina Hosannah, Brandão, Alba Regina, da Silva, Paula Rita Leite, Doria, Susan Smith, Bestetti, Reinaldo Bulgarelli, de Sousa, Débora Raysa Teixeira, da Silva Junior, Rubens Celso Andrade, das Graças Vale Barbosa Guerra, Maria, Ferreira, João Marcos Bemfica Barbosa, and de Oliveira Guerra, Jorge Augusto
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Multi-level Governance of Land Use Changes in the Brazilian Amazon: Lessons from Paragominas, State of Pará.
- Author
-
Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle, Poccard-Chapuis, René, Drigo, Isabel, Coudel, Emilie, Plassin, Sophie, Laurent, François, and Thâles, Marcelo
- Subjects
LAND use ,FORESTS & forestry ,REFORESTATION ,RESTORATION ecology ,GREEN business ,SUPPLY chains - Abstract
Land use governance in the Brazilian Amazon has undergone significant changes in the last decade. At the national level, law enforcement capacity has increased and downstream industries linked to commodity chains responsible for deforestation have begun to monitor some of their suppliers' impacts on forests. At the municipal level, local actors have launched a Green Municipality initiative, aimed at eliminating deforestation and supporting green supply chains at the territorial level. In this paper, we analyze the land use transition since 2001 in Paragominas—the first Green Municipality—and discuss the limits of the governance arrangements underpinning these changes. Our work draws on a spatially explicit analysis of biophysical variables and qualitative information collected in interviews with key private and public stakeholders of the main commodity chains operating in the region. We argue that, up to now, the emerging multi-level scheme of land governance has not succeeded in promoting large-scale land use intensification, reforestation and rehabilitation of degraded lands. Moreover, private governance mechanisms based on improved product standards, fail to benefit from potential successful partnerships between the public and private sector at the territorial level. We propose a governance approach that adopts a broader territorial focus as a way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Complex socio-ecological dynamics driven by extreme events in the Amazon.
- Author
-
Pinho, Patricia, Marengo, José, and Smith, Mark
- Subjects
ECOSYSTEM dynamics ,FLOODS ,CIVIL defense ,COASTAL ecology - Abstract
Several years with extreme floods or droughts in the past decade have caused human suffering in remote communities of the Brazilian Amazon. Despite documented local knowledge and practices for coping with the high seasonal variability characteristic of the region's hydrology (e.g., 10 m change in river levels between dry and flood seasons), and despite 'civil defense' interventions by various levels of government, the more extreme years seem to have exceeded the coping capacity of the community. In this paper, we explore whether there is a real increase in variability, whether the community perceives that recent extreme events are outside the experience which shapes their responses to 'normal' levels of variability, and what science-based policy could contribute to greater local resilience. Hydrological analyses suggest that variability is indeed increasing, in line with expectations from future climate change. However, current measures of hydrological regimes do not predict years with social hardship very well. Interviewees in two regions are able to express their strategies for dealing with 'normal' variability very well, but also identify ways in which abnormal years exceed their ability to cope. Current civil defense arrangements struggle to deliver emergency assistance in a sufficiently timely and locally appropriate fashion. Combining these insights in the context of social-ecological change, we suggest how better integration of science, policy and local knowledge could improve resilience to future trends, and identify some contributions science could make into such an arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Checklist de Bromeliaceae da região da Volta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brasil.
- Author
-
Koch, Ana Kelly, Monteiro, Raquel F., and Ilkiu-Borges, Anna Luiza
- Abstract
Copyright of Rodriguésia is the property of Revista Rodriguesia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Employment and income generation in the Brazilian Amazon forest: a Social Account Matrix based multiplier approach.
- Author
-
FERREIRA FILHO, J. B. S. and FACHINELLO, A. L.
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,NON-timber forest products ,FOREST products ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Air Transportation Income and Price Elasticities in Remote Areas: The Case of the Brazilian Amazon Region.
- Author
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Ventura, Rodrigo V., Cabo, Manoela, Caixeta, Rafael, Fernandes, Elton, and Aprigliano Fernandes, Vicente
- Abstract
The literature, aimed at understanding the income–price elasticity of air passenger demand, bases its analysis on airport movement. The diversity of studies regarding the casualty between air transportation and economic growth are examples. Some studies covering this link, estimate the income–price relationship with the demand considering international traffic. Considering a domestic setting, where this traffic is significant in Brazil, studies related to remote regions are scarce, and the existing ones focus on governmental policies and subsidies. In addition, empirical studies on the theme consenter themselves in developed regions, such as Europe, North America, and Australia. For Brazil, where we find the Amazon region, there is no empirical research. This paper analyses the price–income elasticity of the demand regarding domestic passengers in air links from remote cities of the Brazilian Amazon. This study uses panel data regression analysis method on a database of domestic scheduled flights of Brazil´s National Civil Aviation Agency. The results show that air passengers involving remote region flights present a lower sensitivity regarding local income and an airline´s price variations than those in flights among capitals. The higher difference is in the income elasticity of the remote city of origin, which is lower than that of the air traffic among capitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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