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Context: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign inflammatory condition of the breasts with an unknown etiology, which can mimic breast cancer on conventional ultrasound. Other imaging modalities, such as mammography and magnetic resonance imaging, cannot efficiently differentiate this condition from malignancies. Elastography is a novel imaging technique used to evaluate tissue elasticity. Objectives: This systematic reviewaimed to investigate the imaging features of IGMonelastography and also to determinewhether thismodality is useful for distinguishing IGMfromother breastmalignancies. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, andWeb of Science, in October 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used for the quality assessment of the studies. Results: After screening 851 articles, seven studies investigating ultrasound elastographywere found tomeet the inclusion criteria. Regarding the quantitative findings, both the strain ratio and shear wave velocity were observed to be higher inmalignantmasses as compared to IGM. Additionally, qualitative scoring systems, such as the Tsukuba and Tozaki classifications, assigned higher scores to malignant lesions. Five of the included studies in this review proposed a specific cut-off point for differentiating IGM frommalignancies, using either shear wave velocity, strain ratio, or elasticity scores. In four of the studies, these criteria exhibited sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90%. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that ultrasound elastography can serve as a valuable tool for distinguishing IGM from breastmalignancies. By potentially reducing the number of unnecessary tissue biopsies, thismodalitymay lead to amore efficient patient evaluation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Breast cancer is responsible for most of the cancer-induced deaths in women around the world. The current review will discuss different approaches of targeting HER2, an epidermal growth factor overexpressed in 30% of breast cancer cases. Data sources: We conducted a search on Pubmed and Scopus databases to find studies relevant to HER2+ breast cancers and targeting HER2 as means of immunotherapy. Out of 1043 articles, 105 studies were included in this review. Data summary: As well as the introduction of HER2 and breast cancer subtypes, we discussed various aspects of HER2-targeting immunotherapy including monoclonal antibodies, Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells and vaccines. Conclusions: Despite several ways of controlling breast cancer, the need to investigate new drugs and approaches seems to be much significant as this cancer still has a heavy burden on people's health and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review sonographic imaging features of estrogen-negative breast cancers and compare tumors with and without human epidermal growth factor type II (HER2) overexpression. Breast sonography findings from a sample of 54 patients with estrogen-negative breast cancer as well as pathological data and HER2 status were reviewed. Sonographic features including size, depth shapes, margin, location, patterns of internal echoes, posterior echoes, orientation, and presence of halo and clinicopathologic data and imaging features were correlated with tumor HER2 status. Based on these 54 patients with estrogen-negative breast cancers, 21 patients were positive for HER2 receptor, and 33 patients were negative for HER2 receptor. Among HER2 positive cancers, irregular shape, microlobulation, indistinct margins, posterior shadowing, a thin halo, heterogeneous internal echoes, and parallel orientation were the most frequent sonographic features. No associations were found between HER-2 status and tumor size, shape, margins, posterior feature, halo, internal echoes, or orientation on sonography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death in pregnant and breastfeeding patients is breast cancer. In the world, the incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (P.A.B.C) is increasing, which is due to the fact that women delay their pregnancy up to the middle ages. According to the definition of P.A.B.C, a pregnancy-associated breast cancer is a case of breast cancer that occurs during pregnancy or up to 1 year after delivery. The aim of this paper is to review the clinical findings and novel imaging methods and findings, which help to diagnose pregnancy-associated breast cancer early. Evidence Acquisition: We reviewed the papers with subjects of PABC and imaging modalities in PABC by searching the medical and health databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, as well as clinical trials. Results: The most frequent manifestation is a painless mass sensation. The most prevalent pathology of PABC is high-grade ductal carcinoma. The first diagnostic tool and most sensitive modality of imaging in this disease is ultrasound. Mammography during pregnancy and lactation is a safe method, which performs in symptomatic patients or in patients with positive ultrasound findings. MRI is not recommended during pregnancy, but it is completely harmless in breastfeeding patients and it is usually used as the complementary modality. Conclusions: Timely diagnosis of PABC requires complete knowledge of clinical symptoms and accurate interpreting of the images in different diagnostic modalities includingmammography, ultrasound, and MRI. It should be noted that delay in diagnosis of PABC is the most common cause of low survival rate and bad prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]