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Criminological research has long utilized visual representations of environments in seeking to explore perceptions of crime and personal safety and to investigate the relevance of specific design and security features. Much of this research has been in the field of environmental psychology and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). This paper traces the development of visual representations and the use of environmental stimuli in criminological research. We briefly review the contributions made by various visual media, including maps and drawings, photographs, models, video, virtual reality and gaming engines. These developments in visualization, building design and management technology have drastically improved the realism of representations of environments, and the potential for more standardized, widespread exploration and application of CPTED principles to reduce crime. To scope and evaluate the future potential of such emergent technologies, we critically review the literature concerned with virtual reality and building information technology (BIM), outlining uses in practice and new opportunities for criminological research. We frame the discussion with specific focus on analysing proposed residential dwellings to reduce vulnerability to burglary. A layered exploration for how BIM technologies may assist in implementing increasingly sophisticated assessments of crime vulnerability for proposed residential building designs brings the paper to a close. These discussions provide both a comprehensive overview for interested practitioners and chart specific opportunities for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study is used to obtain the experiences from a contractor and their subcontractors involved with constructing the landmark Perth Stadium, which required a building information model (BIM) to be delivered for the purpose of asset management. Insights about ‘how’ the adoption of a BIM influenced the practice of collaboration and change management within the project are obtained. It was revealed that having limited experience and knowledge to deliver a model for asset management often resulted the project team ‘muddling through a problem’. This was not necessarily due to a shortage of training, but a lack of BIM knowledge, which inadvertently influenced every day practice. The research presented builds on the extant body of works that have examined how the construction industry can effectively acquire the benefits of BIM for asset management. It also highlights the need to incorporate education and learning into a project’s BIM implementation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM) have typically been tied to its capability to support information structuring and exchange through the centralization of information. Its increasing adoption and the associated ease of data acquisition has created information intensive work environments, which can result in information overload and thus negatively impact workers task efficiency during construction. Augmented Reality (AR) has been proposed as a mechanism to enhance the process of information extraction from building information models to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of workers' tasks. Yet, there is limited research that has evaluated the effectiveness and usability of AR in this domain. This research aims to address this gap and evaluate the effectiveness of BIM and AR system integration to enhance task efficiency through improving the information retrieval process during construction. To achieve this, a design science research approach was adopted that enabled the development and performance of a mobile BIM AR system (artefact) with cloud-based storage capabilities to be tested and evaluated using a portable desktop experiment. A total of 20 participants compared existing manual information retrieval methods (control group), with information retrieval through the artefact (non-control group). The results revealed that the participants using the artefact were approximately 50% faster in completing their experiment tasks, and committed less errors, when compared to the control group. This research demonstrates that a minor modification to existing information formats (2D plans) with the inclusion of Quick Response markers can significantly improve the information retrieval process and that BIM and AR integration has the potential to enhance task efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An asset owner's decision to implement Building Information Modeling (BIM) can enable strategic business outcomes. For an asset owner the implementation of BIM should not be seen as a discrete information technology project, but a business change program that can potentially impact their ‘value proposition’. Benefits realization recognizes that technology alone cannot deliver business outcomes and that the process of its implementation is proactively managed to ensure that the organization obtains the results it expects. This paper presents a novel framework that asset owners can use to ensure that they can obtain ‘value’ from investing in BIM. It is proffered that the benefits realization process should be viewed as a learning process that enables the asset owner to constantly question and measure the benefits of BIM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With advances being made in digital technologies, asset owners are requiring at hand-over a digital twin of their constructed facility that can be used in real-time to support operations and maintenance processes. While there has been considerable focus on 'why' organizations operating in the construction industry need to adopt digital technologies to enable Building Information Modelling, Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 and thus deliver assets more effectively and efficiently, there has been limited attention given to 'how' they can realize their expected benefits and simultaneously generate value. In light of the drive for organizations to engage with digital technology we bring to the fore in this paper the need for them to legitimize a process of benefits management prior to making a financial investment to understand 'how' digital technologies can coalesce to generate business value and improve their competitiveness. As part of a benefits management strategy, a business dependency network (BDN) can enable investment objectives and their resulting benefits to be linked in a structured manner with an organization's capabilities and changes required to ensure they are realized. Relying on empirical findings derived from nine projects that examined the efficiency gains and advantages of using a digital systems information model from an engineering to asset management perspective, we construct a generic BDN to visualize the structure of multiple cause-effect relationships that are used to organise the capabilities, changes and benefits that need to be considered prior to adoption. The insights and experiences that have emerged from this research provide a frame of reference for construction organizations and asset owners to navigate the benefits realization and change management process, which can be used to ensure their investments in digital technology can effectively respond to business drivers and generate value. • We examine how digital technologies can coalesce to generate business value. • A Business Dependency Network is used to examine the efficiency gains of using a digital systems information model. • A frame of reference for navigating the benefits realization and change management process for digital technology is presented. • We provide the knowledge needed to acquire the benefits from the implementation of a digital twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Accurate assessment of a project's progress enables managers to control and manage costs and schedule. Automating the processes to monitor and inspect the progress of works in construction, and ensure that the data acquired and retrieved are able to produce an accurate 'as-built' model is an issue that has received ubiquitous attention in the literature. Emphasis has been placed on utilizing technologies such as mobile augmented reality, laser scanners, and computer visions to monitor and control physical objects that possess geometrical properties. Connected systems such as Electrical, Instrumentation and Control Systems (EICS), however, do not possess geometrical properties and as a result have been overlooked, receiving limited attention. This paper utilizes a digital System Information Model (SIM) to enable a project control system based on human-machine interactions, to be developed, in order to monitor progress during the construction of connected systems. By incorporating the design, schedules, activities, and tasks into a digital, cloud-based model, the system enables different parties involved in a project to synchronously work together. Information can be recorded, distributed and shared in real-time therefore significantly improving decision-making, the approvals process, and management of information. A SIM is discipline-specific and there is a need to ensure its interoperability with building information modeling software. Therefore, a bi-directional link between the SIM and the project's overall schedule and three-dimensional model needs to be developed in the future. Highlights • Real-time progress monitoring of connected systems has received limited attention. • Existing technologies are unable to support real-time progress monitoring of connected systems. • A digitally enabled project control system for progress monitoring in construction is developed. • A new line of inquiry to examine the performance of connected systems is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are widely used to procure public infrastructure assets and are an effective mechanism for ensuring value for money. However, many PPPs in Australia have been plagued with controversy as they have experienced significant cost and schedule overruns during construction. Critical to the successful delivery of PPP projects is effective performance measurement/evaluation. Yet, conventional ex-post evaluation that solely focuses on meeting budget and a predetermined schedule are invariably applied to measure PPPs in practice. This paper reviews the performance measurement literature used to evaluate PPP projects and proposes that a life-cycle approach to their evaluation is needed to ‘future proof’ their performance and ensure value for money that is delivered to the public sector. As the primary focus of PPPs is to maximise profitability, there is a need to ameliorate the coordination and integration between the Special Purpose Vehicle, end-users and the public sector. This can be enabled through the adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as it not only provides digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of an asset, but also provides key decision makers with the ability to make informed decisions across a project's life-cycle. When aligned with a series of core indicators that are used for performance measurement, it is suggested that BIM can act as a catalyst for ‘future proofing’ PPPs and enable the successful management of an asset throughout its life-cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]