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Burn-by flame, flush, scald, electrical, and chemical types-accounts for 5%-12% of trauma injuries worldwide. In Iranian studies, females were the main victims of domestic burns with higher mortality and frequencies. This retrospective study evaluates the epidemiology and etiology of burn injuries in females aged 25-64 years between October 2007 and May 2022 in southern Iran. Demographics and burn etiology information were collected by questionnaires at admission. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables and burn mortality. Pearson's Chi-Square and One-way ANOVA tests were utilized to compare different burn etiologies. Of 3212 females with burn injuries, 1499 (46.6%) were included with a mean age of 38.5 ± 10.8 years. Flame (59.7%) and flush (28.9%) were significantly the most common injuries mechanism. Burn was most common in rural areas (53.9%) and indoor settings (62.1%) (P-value < .001). 77.9% of the population were under-diploma (P-value < .001), and 3.5% were divorced with higher burn-suicide attempts. The mean Total Body Surface Area (TBSA%) was 41.1 ± 28.3%, and the mean Length of Stay (LOS) was 14.5 ± 13.2 days with a 39.1% mortality rate. With univariate and multivariate analysis, TBSA%, indoor places, flame, flush, and urban living were risk factors for burn mortality. Briefly, flame in indoor settings is the most common type of burn injury affecting adult females with lower educational levels living in rural areas. Such epidemiological studies of burns in adult females may be helpful for health policymakers to develop burn prevention programs., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Self-immolation is considered among the most rigorous acts of suicide. Lately, this act has increased in children. We evaluated the frequency of self-immolation among children in the largest burn referral center in southern Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to the end of 2018 at a tertiary referral burn and plastic surgery healthcare center in southern Iran. Subjects were pediatric self-immolation burn patients registered as outpatients or inpatients. The patients' parents were contacted regarding any incomplete information. Among 913 children admitted due to burn injuries, 14 (1.55%) were admitted with an impression of suicidal self-immolation. Among self-immolation patients, the ages ranged from 11 to 15 years (mean: 13.64 ± 1.33), and the average burnt percentage of total body surface area was 67.07 ± 31.19%. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1, and the majority were from urban areas (57.1%). The most frequent cause of burn injury was fire (92.9%). There was no history of family mental illness or suicide among the patients, and only one of the patients had an underlying disease of intellectual disability. The mortality percentage was 64.3%. The percentage of childhood suicidal attempts by burn injuries was alarmingly high among children aged from 11 to 15. While contrary to many reports, we reported this phenomenon to be relatively similar between genders, and also between urban and rural patients. Compared with accidental burn injuries, the self-immolation group had significantly higher age and burn percentage, and were more frequently caused by fire, occurred outdoors, and resulted in mortality., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Burn wounds rank among the most serious healthcare issues. Many studies reported the effectiveness of natural products in the wound-healing process. The present study compared the effects of a standardized herbal formulation derived from Boswellia carteri ( B. carteri ) and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream 1% on the healing of burn wounds., Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted at Shiraz Burn Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) between July 2012 to August 2013. A sterilized formulation comprising B. carteri 40% was prepared. 54 second-degree burn patients of both sexes with age ranges of 20 to 60 were invited to participate in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial. They were randomly divided into two groups and given either the Boswellia formulation or SSD cream. The healing index was determined based on the wound area assessment using the planimetry technique. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the primary outcome, which was the amount of time until complete healing., Results: The trial was completed by 17 patients from the SSD group and 15 patients from the Boswellia group. During the study period, both groups showed a progressive healing trend. The mean (95% CI) healing time in the SSD group was 10.94 (9.03-12.85) days and 10.73 (9.23-12.23) days in the Boswellia group (P=0.71), indicating no significant difference. On the 17 th day, the healing index of all patients in the Boswellia group reached 1., Conclusion: Boswellia topical formulation had a burn wound healing effect comparable to that of the standard SSD 1% treatment. Based on the findings of this study, the likelihood of contact dermatitis with Boswellia should be taken into consideration., Competing Interests: None declared., (Copyright: © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.)

Burn injuries are among the most traumatic incidences which could be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The incidence of these injuries differs based on population socioeconomic characteristics. In this study, we aim to evaluate the distribution of burn injuries based on socioeconomic and causative factors. Relative features from the targeted population were obtained and evaluated. Data were extracted in August 2019 and statistical analysis of the data was conducted from February 2020 to April 2020. This cross-sectional record-based study was conducted from 2008 to 2016 in a main referral center for burn injuries in the southern Iran. Participants included burn survivors and burn patients who were registered as outpatients or inpatients. A total of 4919 burn cases with a mean age of 31.91 ± 17.33, including 2926 (59.5%) males and 1993 (40.5%) females was reported. The majority of our cases had an educational level of under diploma (40.72%). A significant correlation between age, gender, and percentage of burn with the level of education was recorded (P < .001). The most frequent cause of burn injuries was flame with 2537 (51.9%) cases. The most susceptible population to burn injuries were reported to be poorly educated individuals, which emphasizes the preventive role of education., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Self-immolation, as a method of suicide, is one of the most violent and extreme ways which is usually attempted by the ignition of inflammable materials, with more than 70% fatality rate. In the literature, Iran has been reported to have a high rate of self-immolation; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiological features of self-immolated patients., Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study, data from burn patients from 2007 till 2017 due to self-immolation and suicide were enrolled in our study., Results: Based on our data, 657 out of 3530 burn patients (18.6%) with a mean age of 31.15 (SD = 0.452) were documented as suicidal attempts; the majority were female (63.2%) and married (66.3%). Most of the patients were from rural areas (58.3%) with an education level of under diploma (63.2%). Of the patients in our study, 22 (8.7%) had comorbid systemic diseases and 115 (50.5%) had psychiatric disorders., Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of suicide by self-immolation among the Iranian population, further studies to evaluate the risk factors and clarify the high-risk group for more targeted approaches are recommended.

Purpose: Based on the high rates of burn injuries in patients with epilepsy, it is crucial to evaluate the epidemiological factors, etiology, types of burns, and outcome of these certain individuals and to enhance knowledge about the possible risks of epilepsy-related burns by preventive actions and programs., Method: Our retrospective study was carried out from September 2013 to February 2017 in Amir-al Momenin Hospital, a tertiary referral burns and plastic surgery healthcare center. Because of the fact that a number of patients with burns had experienced their trauma at the time of convulsion or in postconvulsion phase, it is necessary to evaluate the outcome, burn patterns, etiology of injury, and related epidemiological factors in order to develop a greater understanding of possible risks of epilepsy-related burns by preventive actions and programs., Result: In our study, 2715 patients who referred to burn centers and hospitalized with a mean age of 26.838 (standard deviation (SD) = 21.186) were enrolled, in which 29 patients were involved in burn accidents due to epilepsy and seizure, resulting in a 1.1% epilepsy incidence in these individuals. In patients with seizure disorder, there was a mean rate of 5.8 (SD = 1.923) cases per year. Eighteen (62.1%) were male, and 11 (37.9%) were female. There were no cases of seizure-induced burn injury in pediatrics (<15 years) in our study. Among the patients with seizure-induced burns, 11 (out of 1101; 37.9%) were from rural areas, while 18 (out of 1570; 62.1%) were from urban locations. The occurrence of accidents due to seizure was also categorized based on the season, with the highest occurrence during winter (12 out of 683; 41.4%) and lowest during spring (3 out of 659; 10.3%). The mechanism of burn in patients with seizures was also documented, in which 12 (41.4%) were due to liquid, 12 (41.4%) due to fire, 1 (3.4%) due to explosion, and 1 (3.4%) due to other objects. Out of patients with seizure-induced burns, 21 (72.4%) were discharged, 2 released with their own will, 1 was transferred, and 5 (17.2%) died in the course of hospitalization., Conclusion: This study demonstrates that burn injuries by epilepsy are a public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we suggest the execution of a strong national epilepsy preventive actions and programs, as well as proper education for both medical practitioners and patients of the possible dangers as part of an injury control program., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None to declare., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Application of hydrogels can be an effective technique in transferring the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to injured tissue and their protection from further complications. Besides, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has successfully been used in treatment of wounds. In this study, a combination of hylauronic acid (HA) and ASCs (HA/ASCs) was applied on burn wounds and the injured area was then covered by an ADM dressing in a rat model (ADM-HA/ASCs). Wound healing was evaluated by histopathological, histomorphometrical, molecular, biochemical, and scanning electron microscopy assessments on days 7, 14, and 28 post-wounding. ADM-HA/ASCs stimulated healing significantly more than the ADM-HA and ADM treated wounds, as it led to reduced inflammation, and improved angiogenesis and enhanced granulation tissue formation. Expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was lower in the ADM-HA/ASCs treated wounds than the ADM-HA and ADM groups, at the seventh post-wounding day. ADM-HA/ASCs also enhanced the expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA at 14 day post-wounding that was parallel to the experimental data from histological and biochemical assessments and confirmed the positive role of ASCs in repair of burn wounds. Additionally, increase in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression and decreased TGF-β1 level on the 28th post-wounding day indicated the anti-scarring activity of ASCs. HA loaded by adipose stem cells can represent a promising strategy in accelerating burn wound healing., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Enhanced resistance to oxidative stress makes the adipose stem cells (ASCs) able to promote wound repair and regeneration. Such cells can be achieved by addition of an anti-oxidant to cell culture medium. In this study, a combination of honey (H) and ASCs was applied on burn wounds and the injured area was then covered by a tegaderm (T) dressing in a rat model. Wound healing was evaluated by histopathological, histomorphometrical, molecular, scanning electron microscopy, and biochemical assessments on days 7, 14, and 28 post-wounding. Treatment with ASCs-containing honey (T-H/ASC) resulted in substantial reduction in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in wound bed, at 7 day post-surgery. T-H/ASCs also elevated the level of bFGF expression, indicating that ASCs enhanced angiogenesis, at 7 day post-wounding. T-H/ASCs significantly improved angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and granulation tissue formation compared to other treatment regimes, at 14 day post-surgery. These outcomes were in exceptionally good agreement with the histological and biochemical findings. Increased bFGF level in the T-H/ASCs treated wounds at the 28th day post-surgery showed the anti-scarring activity of ASCs. Honey can be considered as a protective material in maintaining the viability of ASCs and improving the cellular resistance to oxidative stress. Furthermore, combination of ASCs and honey can provide a nutrient media for the ASCs and enhance the ability of regeneration of the ASC-based therapies., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a great promise in wound healing due to their potential in differentiating into various cell lineages and secreting growth factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo effects of Aloe vera hydrogel loaded by allogeneic ASCs on a rat burn wound model. The ASCs were isolated, cultured and mixed with 50% Aloe vera hydrogel and injected intradermally around the wound. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was used as dressing in the experiment. The burn wound-healing properties of different experimental groups were investigated by histopathological, molecular, scanning electron microscopic and biochemical analysis at the 7th, 14th and 28th days post-wounding. The Aloe vera and DBM-Aloe vera groups showed almost similar healing properties, while treatment by DBM-Aloe vera/ASCs significantly enhanced wound healing. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-1β markedly decreased at the 7th day post-injury, in the DBM-Aloe vera/ASC-treated group, suggesting that this treatment regime subsided the inflammatory responses. Angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and the level of TGF-β1 in the wounds treated with DBM-Aloe vera/ASCs were also remarkably higher than those of other groups, at the 14th day post-injury. Besides, scar formation significantly decreased in the DBM-Aloe vera/ASC-treated wounds when compared with other groups. Our biochemical results were in agreement with the molecular and histopathological findings and strongly demonstrated that a DBM-Aloe vera/ASC composite can stimulate burn wound healing. These results suggest that the DBM-Aloe vera/ASC composite can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of burn wounds.

The aim of this study was to assess patients' satisfaction and functional outcome of dorsal hand unit reconstruction in burn patients in Shiraz, southern Iran.From September 2013 to February 2017, 11 patients (15 hands) with hand aesthetic complaint who were unhappy with their hand appearance were included for dorsal hand unit reconstruction. Under general anesthesia and tourniquet control, the burned tissue on dorsal surface of the hands was excised and a thick partial thickness skin graft was used for coverage, whereas the fingers were fixed by sutures to the palm. After 1 year, the five-points scale was used for evaluation of patients' satisfaction regarding the five major activities considered for hand function before and after operation. The mean age of the patients was 25.8 ± 5.17 years. The skin grafts were well taken. Six (40%) and eight patients (53%) reported the result of operation as completely satisfied and satisfied, respectively. Dorsal hand unit reconstruction in patients with dorsal hand contracture and significant dorsal scar was shown to simultaneously improve the function and aesthetic outcome of the surgery.

Background: Burns are the most common and destructive injuries in across of the world and especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, a standard tool for collecting the data of burn injury has not been developed yet. The purpose of this study was to develop a minimum data set (MDS) of the information management system for burns in Iran., Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in 2014. Data were collected from hospitals affiliated with Hormozgan and Iran University of Medical Sciences and medical documents centers, emergency centers and legal medicine centers located in Bandar Abbas city, in addition to internet access and library. Investigated documents were burn injury records in 2013, and documents that retrieved from the internet, and printed materials. Records were selected randomly based on T20-T29 categories from ICD-10. Data were collected using a checklist. In order to make a consensus about the data elements the decision Delphi technique was applied using a questionnaire. The content validity and reliability of questionnaire were assessed by expert's opinions and test-retest method, respectively., Results: An MDS of burns was developed. This MDS divided into two categories: administrative and clinical with six and 17 section and 161 and 311 data elements respectively., Conclusions: This study showed that comprehensive and uniform data elements about burns do not exist in Iran. Therefore a MDS was developed for burns in Iran. Development of an MDS will result in standardization and effective management of the data through providing uniform and comprehensive data elements for burns. Thus, comparability of the extracted information from different analyses and researches will be possible in various levels. In addition, establishment of policies and prevention and control of burns will be possible, which results in the improvement of the quality of care and containment of costs., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

The traditional pharmacy of Persia is based on numerous ancient manuscripts written by the elites of medicine and pharmacy. These references which belong to different centuries (mostly from the 9th to 19th century) represent vast information about pharmaceutical and therapeutic knowledge. Studying these works could be valuable in revealing the hidden parts of the history of science, especially pharmacy and medicine. Also, modernisation of the methods of treatment and the majority of formulations seems to be possible. It is obvious that setting ancient experiences besides recent studies makes pharmacists and physicians more powerful. This review aims to introduce traditional knowledge about different treatments for burn wounds which has been extracted from various Persian manuscripts.

Background: Several studies have shown that the application of amniotic membrane as a biological dressing in the management of burns is accompanied by rapid re-epithelialisation and healing as it diminishes the oozing of plasma, bacterial count and fluid, protein and heat loss. This study evaluates the effect of amniotic membrane on graft take in split-thickness skin graft of extremity burns., Methods: From October 2008 to January 2010, in a prospective clinical trial, 54 patients (108 limbs) with second and third degree burns, covering 4-15% of total body surface area (TBSA), were included in this study. All patients needed split-thickness skin grafts for burn-wound coverage. Selected patients had symmetric burns on two (upper or lower) extremities. Then in every patient, the extremities were randomly divided into two groups: in one limb, the skin graft was traditionally fixed with skin staples (control group) and in the other limb the skin graft was covered with an amniotic membrane (amnion group). Therefore, in every patient the graft was covered with an amniotic membrane in one extremity and fixed with skin staples in the other extremity. Finally, the duration and success rate of complete graft take was compared between the two groups., Results: The study group was composed of 108 limbs in 54 patients (27 males and 27 females) with a mean age of 23.54±4.9 years and burn 9.03±2.69% TBSA. The mechanism of burn was flame (63%), scald (18.5%) and flash (18.5%). The rate of complete graft take was 96.76% and 88.79% in the amnion group and in the control group, respectively. The mean duration of graft take was 6.98±1.35 days in the amnion group and 13.9±1.66 days in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001)., Conclusions: Our results show that although the amniotic membrane has no negative impact on graft take, it significantly reduces the duration of complete graft take, which is very important for both the patient and the health-care system., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

Background: Severe burns are associated with dramatic outcomes which are potentially detrimental. Nowadays the standard treatment for deep partial thickness and full-thickness burn is early excision and grafting, which is not always feasible this leads to chronicity and microbial colonization of burn wounds. Interesting properties of hydrogen peroxide 2% soaked gauze convinced us to use it in management of chronic burn wounds., Methods: From January 2009 to September 2011, in a prospective clinical trial, 49 patients (98 limbs) with chronic-colonized burn wounds in both limbs were included in this study. Tissue cultures were taken from all the wounds. For the right, after debridement of granulation tissue and washing with hydrogen peroxide 2% soaked gauze for 5min followed by normal saline irrigation, grafting was done; debridement and skin grafting was performed in the conventional method in left limb wounds. The success rate of graft take was compared between two groups, after 21 days by the surgeon using the formula: Graft take surface area (cm2) x 100%/Total grafted area (cm2)., Results: The study group was composed of 98 limbs in 49 patients with mean age of 26.44±5.66 and burn in 28.3±7.23% TBSA. The most common causes of the burn wounds chronicity was delayed admission associated with poor compliance. (44.8%) Staphylococcus was the most frequent isolate bacterial wounds colonization in our patients. (59.2%) Mean graft take was 82.85% in right limbs, and 65.61% in left limbs; which was significantly different (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Our study showed that, administration of hydrogen peroxide intraoperatively appears to be safe and significantly increases the mean success rate graft take in chronic-colonized wounds. Therefore, it can be recommended in management of chronic burn wounds management., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

Background: Burns are among the most devastating forms of injury. Nowadays the standard treatment for deep partial thickness and full-thickness burn is early excision and grafting, but this technique is not always feasible; and this leads to chronicity and microbial colonization of burn wounds. Interesting properties of human amniotic membrane made us use it in management of chronic infected burn wounds., Methods: From January 2008 to September 2010, in a prospective clinical trail, 38 patients (76 limbs) with symmetric chronic burn wounds in both upper or lower limbs included in this study. Tissue cultures were taken from all the wounds. For the right, after debridement of granulation tissue and meshed split thickness skin grafting, the graft surfaces were covered with amniotic membrane dressing and in left limb wounds, after debridement, skin grafting was done in conventional method. 21 days later, the success rate of graft take was compared between two groups., Results: The study group was composed of 76 limbs in 38 patients with mean age of 27.18±6.38 and burn in 29.18±7.23 TBSA%. The most common causes of the burn wounds chronicity in the selected patients was delayed admission due to poor compliance of the patients (44.8%). Staphylococcus was the most frequent isolate in wounds in our patients (62.85%). Mean graft take was observed in 90.13% of right upper limbs, and 67.36% of left upper limbs; which was significantly different (P<0.001)., Conclusions: Our study showed that human amniotic membrane dressing significantly increases the success rate of graft take in chronic wounds, and it can be recommended as an important dressing in chronic burn wounds management, due to interesting anti-microbial, and better graft take effects., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

Preserving function of the hand is the aim of treatment in burned hands; appropriate splinting is one of the important measures during acute and chronic treatment. We introduce an effective safe method for positioning of fingers without violating the joints; In this method before performing skin graft for palmar finger burn or contracture release we suture tip of finger with silk 2-0 and fix it to dorsum of hand while extending the finger and for preventing slipping we insert some pulley like circles tied with silk 2-0 fixing over dorsum of mid phalanx., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Early excision and grafting (E&G) of burn wounds has been reported to decrease hospital stay, hospital costs and septic complications, and some purport reduced mortality while decreasing hospital costs. In today's practice, all burn wounds unlikely to achieve spontaneous closure within 3 weeks are excised and grafted. Early studies did not demonstrate dramatic differences in cosmetic or functional results. This is particularly true with burns of the face, hands and feet. In this study, early excision and skin grafting was compared with delayed skin grafting in deep hand burns., Materials and Methods: From September 2006 to February 2008, 50 patients with hand burns and average burn size less than 30% total body surface area (TBSA) deep second- and third-degree were randomly divided into early E&G group (group I) and delayed grafting group (group II). Gradual and careful limb and digit range of motion was started on about 10th-14th postoperative day. We used a questionnaire based on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire to evaluate final functional outcome. Further, hypertrophic scar formation, contracture and deformities were followed and managed accordingly., Results: The most common site of involvement was the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with frequency of 39% and 40% in groups I and II, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding deformity severity, scar formation, sensation, major activities and overall satisfaction., Discussion: In treating burns of the hand, the primary goal should always be to restore the functionality of the hand. Although early surgery shortens the healing time and lessens the hospital stay, our results did not show any significant difference between these two methods regarding the function, scar formation, daily activity limitation and overall satisfaction., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

Burn patients have the highest metabolic rate among critically ill or injured patients. Because propranolol decreases energy expenditure and muscle protein catabolism, in this study, we hypothesized that propranolol would improve healing process and decrease wound-healing time. This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial; a total of 79 burn patients who referred to this center from January 2006 to January 2007 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven patients were randomly placed in propranolol group and 42 in control group. The propranolol group received propranolol orally with the dose of 1 mg/kg/d and maximum dose of 1.98 mg/kg/d given in six divided doses. This dose was adjusted to decrease the resting heart rate by 20% from each patient's baseline value. The control group received placebo. The most common cause of burn in both groups was flame followed by flash. Patients with superficial burns in the propranolol group needed less time to heal for acceptable wound healing in superficial burns (16.13+/-7.40 days vs 21.52+/-7.94 days; P=.004). We also found that patients with deep burn injury needed less time to be ready for skin graft (28.23+/-8.43 days vs 33.46+/-9.17 days; P=.007) when compared to that of the control group. The use of propranolol decreased the size of the burn wound that finally needed skin graft. Patients in the propranolol group with an average burn size of 31.42% TBSA finally needed 13.75% of TBSA skin graft compared with that of control patients with an average burn size of 33.61% TBSA who needed 18.72% of TBSA skin graft, and patients in the control group with an average burn size of 33.61% TBSA finally needed 18.72% of TBSA skin graft (P=.006). Patients in the propranolol group had a shorter hospital stay period than the control group (30.95+/-8.44 days vs 24.41+/-8.11 days; P=.05). Administration of propranolol, improved burn wound healing, and decreased healing time and hospital stay period. The use of propranolol decreased the surface area of wounds that needed to be skin grafted.

Self-inflicted burns are among the most devastating of all burn injuries with serious physical, psychological, and financial effects on the individual, the patient's family, and society. This study was carried out to analyze the epidemiology, mortality, and current etiological factors of burn patients who were admitted to a major burn center in the Fars province. In a longitudinal prospective design, from April 2003 to March 2005, all burn patients that were admitted to Ghotb-eddin Shirazi Hospital were evaluated. Data in regard to patients' social demographics, burn injury, and outcome measures were collected. Suicide attempts by burning accounted for 231 (24.8%) of all burn patients admitted to hospital. Suicidal burns occurred predominantly in the age group 15 to 24 years (49.1%). Most (71.4%) self-burning cases were female. Deliberate self-burn patients have significantly larger burned body surface area than accidental burn patients [70% (4-100) vs 28% (1-100); P < .0001]. The case fatality rate for self-inflicted burns (62.3%) was significantly higher than the 27.7% rate observed for accidental burns (P < .0001). Burned body surface area >40% and self-inflicted burns strongly and independently predicted mortality. Self-inflicted burns continue to be a major health problem in this region. Special burn preventive programs should be implemented in primary health care system. A National Committee for Injury and Burn Prevention and Control should be established urgently to coordinate all burn prevention programs and collaborate between different sectors of the society.

Burn—by flame, flush, scald, electrical, and chemical types—accounts for 5%–12% of trauma injuries worldwide. In Iranian studies, females were the main victims of domestic burns with higher mortality and frequencies. This retrospective study evaluates the epidemiology and etiology of burn injuries in females aged 25–64 years between October 2007 and May 2022 in southern Iran. Demographics and burn etiology information were collected by questionnaires at admission. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables and burn mortality. Pearson's Chi-Square and One-way ANOVA tests were utilized to compare different burn etiologies. Of 3212 females with burn injuries, 1499 (46.6%) were included with a mean age of 38.5 ± 10.8 years. Flame (59.7%) and flush (28.9%) were significantly the most common injuries mechanism. Burn was most common in rural areas (53.9%) and indoor settings (62.1%) (P -value <.001). 77.9% of the population were under-diploma (P -value <.001), and 3.5% were divorced with higher burn-suicide attempts. The mean Total Body Surface Area (TBSA%) was 41.1 ± 28.3%, and the mean Length of Stay (LOS) was 14.5 ± 13.2 days with a 39.1% mortality rate. With univariate and multivariate analysis, TBSA%, indoor places, flame, flush, and urban living were risk factors for burn mortality. Briefly, flame in indoor settings is the most common type of burn injury affecting adult females with lower educational levels living in rural areas. Such epidemiological studies of burns in adult females may be helpful for health policymakers to develop burn prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our recent literature survey indicated a lack of clinical assessment of the influence of gender and site of burn injury on the outcome of patients with extensive burns. This report examines the effect of burn sites and gender on extensive burns' mortality. Data was gathered from 283 patients with burns larger than 65% of the total body surface area (TBSA) above the belt line or below the belt line; and without underlying diseases and inhalation burn injury. Patients were classified according to gender, site of injury (upper and lower body parts) and hospital stay period. Mortality rates of each category were then compared with each other. The hospital stay period in the female group was significantly higher compared with the male group (P<0.001) and the mortality rate among the female patients was higher compared with the male patients (P=0.004). Although the mortality rate in lower body part of the male group was significantly higher in comparison with the upper body part burn (P=0.001), there was no difference in mortality rate of upper versus lower body part in the female group. The mortality rate was generally higher among the female patients. Additionally, higher mortality rate was observed among male patients with lower body part burn compared with injuries of male patients with upper body part burn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]