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The review article is devoted to the history of surgical treatment of the ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The data on the main stages of development and improvement of the operative technique are presented, the main methods of restoring the outflow of urine from the kidney with strictures of the ureteropelvic junction are described. The analysis of modern methods of surgical treatment of this category of patients has been carried out.

We consider the generation of IR radiation during the interaction of a high-power ultrashort laser pulse with a gas jet using numerical simulation by the particle-in-cell method. The laser pulse parameters correspond to the capabilities of the PEARL sub-petawatt laser facility in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) when using the compression after compressor approach (CafCA). It is demonstrated that about 1 % of the energy can be converted into radiation in the wavelength range of 5 – 10 μm.

Strategic management of agriculture is determined by the characteristics of agro-industrial production, as well as the specifics of its constituent industries. Since all the elements of agriculture are interconnected sequentially, that is, each subsequent relationship is a consumer of the results or products of the previous relationship, which must correspond both in volume and structure, since the strategic plans of agricultural producers must take into account the development prospects of their partners. Currently, more attention is paid to the development of agriculture, including at the state level. The forecast of scientific and technical development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 has been developed. The National Technology Initiative (NTI) also focuses on issues related to information technology in agriculture, as indicated in the FoodNet and AeroNet roadmaps. Within the framework of the NTI, it is planned to attract 3.3 billion rubles for priority projects related to the implementation of the concept of “smart” agriculture. — both in the form of subsidies and reusable investments from the state budget, and in the form of private investments. The article considers the aspects of developing a strategic model for the livestock and crop production industry, summarizes the best practices of Russian scientists in the field of accounting and agricultural economics.

Intrauterine intravascular blood transfusion is an effective and relatively safe treatment method for severe fetal anemia. This technique have been used for more than 30 years already, however, there are no systematic works devoted to the features of the cardiovascular system in fetuses and newborns after intrauterine intravascular blood transfusion. The authors have decided to study this problem and have conducted a prospective trial of fetuses and children (n=34) with hemolytic anemia who underwent intrauterine blood transfusion. To assess the condition of the cardiovascular system, the scientists have carried out an ultrasound examination of the heart, which results have revealed pathological changes: dilatation of the cardiac cavities, myocardial hypertrophy, hydropericardium, cardiomegaly still present in the postnatal period. The scientists have used fetal and neonatal therapy for the patients with these pathologies. In the case of late correction of severe fetal anemia, there was a progressive deterioration in the condition of the fetus and remodeling of the cardiovascular system, which indicates the need for timely diagnosis. Based on the results of the study, the scientists have developed the protocols for ultrasound diagnostics of fetuses and newborns with moderate and severe anemia.

Introduction. Multifetal pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Type of placentation and discordant fetal growth may be risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Aim: to compare an impact of dichorionic and monochorionic twin pregnancies with symmetric and discordant fetal growth on perinatal outcomes, as well as morbidity and mortality.Materials and Methods. There was conducted a retrospective study of 485 pregnant women and paired 959 newborns. Depending on the type of chorionicity, subjects were stratified into two study groups being further subdivided into based on describing fetal weight discordance. The antenatal period and the neonatal outcome of newborns in groups and subgroups were compared.Results. We analyzed 308 dichorionic and 177 monochorionic twin pregnancies. It was found that neonate discordant growth was observed in 5.4 % and 13.4 % (p < 0.001), respectively. The incidence of assisted reproductive technologies was higher in dichorionic than in monochorionic twins comprising 66.5 and 40.7 % (р < 0.001). Antenatal mortality in monochorionic vs. dichorionic twins was by 8-fold higher. The preterm birth rate in monochorionic vs. dichorionic twins was 74.6 and 62.7% (p = 0.009), respectively. Neonate body weight in monochorionic vs. dichorionic twins was lowered comprising 1991 and 2430 gr. (р < 0.001), respectively. Low Apgar scores were more common for monochorionic twins with discordant body weight. The rate of early neonatal mortality in monochorionic vs. dichorionic twins was 4.4 % vs. 1.5 % (p = 0.009), whereas in dichorionic vs. monochorionic twins with weight discordance it was up to 5.8 and 10.5% (р < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion. Monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated with growth discordance is associated with a higher risk of adverse antenatal period as well as neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to symmetric DCDA twins. Chorionicity and growth discordancy represent important predictors for outcome of twin pregnancy.

At repair enterprises, various metal-polymer materials are used to restore the interfaces. Metal-polymer materials can be filled with the following components: steel, bronze, aluminum, titanium. The main advantages of metal polymers are their resistance to negative environmental influences, mechanical friction and high temperatures. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the possibilities of metal-polymer materials for effective use in the restoration of machine parts and to give suggestions for improving their physical and mechanical properties during the restoration work. (Materials and methods) Authors studied metal-polymer materials of well-known companies: "Belzona" (USA), "Durmetal" (Switzerland), "Diamant" (Germany), "Loctite" (USA), Chester Molecular (Poland). The article presents the data on their use in the restoration of various parts. The metal polymer materials of foreign companies are characterized by stable quality and high physical and technical characteristics; domestic materials are still inferior to imported ones due to the low quality of the incoming components. (Results and discussion) The main property of coatings is the adhesive strength, which largely determines the resource of the restored part. The main factors that affect the adhesive strength are described in the article. It is possible to significantly increase the adhesive strength of the coatings due to the preliminary electric spark treatment of the worn part. The article presents data on the effectiveness of electric spark coatings as an independent technological process in the restoration of the part. The use of a combined technology of electric spark processing with subsequent application of metal-polymer materials provides undeniable advantages in the restoration of parts. (Conclusions) To improve the physical and mechanical properties of coatings, it is advisable to combine the technology of electric spark processing with the use of metal-polymer coatings. This will expand the possibilities of using part recovery technologies.

Currently, the analysis of the causes and consequences of differences in territorial systems (municipalities, regions) by individual social, demographic and economic indicators, as well as by the totality of their interaction, is becoming more and more significant and relevant. Achieving sustainable and integrated development of rural areas is an important task of state and municipal administration. In the study, the authors focus on the effectiveness of public administration in terms of meeting the needs of the population of rural areas, and describe the tools that provide a link between the basic conditions and the final result of management decisions. The basis of the analytical study was the degree of satisfaction of the population of the municipalities of the Novgorod region with the set of implemented measures in the context of the program of integrated development of rural settlements. The authors used the approach of constructing structural groupings to characterize and justify the composition of the municipalities of the Novgorod region in the directions (spheres) and the degree of actualization of needs. The article presents the results of the ranking of municipalities in the region in order to determine the most significant territories for the implementation of the measures of the integrated development program. Thus, the authors touch upon the aspect of assessing the potential of the territory to improve the effectiveness of using public administration tools.

The results of the use of the phytopreparation Tadimax in the treatment of 60 men with mild and moderate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) developed as a result of benign enlargement of the prostate gland are presented. The average age of the patients was 66.5 3.8 years. Tadimax was prescribed 2 tablets 3 times a day, in courses of 7 days with 7 day breaks for 3 months (a total of 6 courses). The data obtained indicate high efficacy and good tolerability of treatment. A decrease in the severity of LUTS was noted in 59 (96.6%) patients, which was accompanied by significant changes in objective clinical indicators: a decrease in residual urine volume and an increase in urine flow rate. Tadimax is a combined preparation, which includes extracts of several medicinal plants, and the main component is Crinum latifolium. The therapeutic effect of Tadimax is based on anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and immunotropic action.

Introduction. One of the important problems in the development of the modern period of Ukrainian economy is the improvement of banking activity. It is especially used formatting and using financial resources. They are the basis on which further banking is based. This is because the processes of formatting financial resources and lending are closely interconnected. Purpose. The purpose of this publication is to deepen the understanding of the essence of banking capital and to summarize the legal support for their formatting in the current conditions in Ukraine. Results. Summarizing the different approaches, the following definition of bank capital can be formulated: “Bank capital is cash flows from different sources (equity, borrowed), which is reflected in the forms of equity and borrowed capital, as well as revenues that are formed by the bank to meet the financial needs of economic entities, fulfillment of financial obligations of banks, reimbursement of costs for attracted resources and profit-making”. Conclusions. An important component of a bank's financial resources is equity, represented by share capital, various reserve and insurance funds, as well as retained earnings. Capital is the main type of bank liabilities to depositors. This is reflected at the bank 's financial sustainability level. Its role is therefore undeniably confirmed by the functions of capital it performs (protective, operational, regulatory, incentive, and others). In Ukraine, three basic standards of banking capital are used to regulate the own funds base: minimum regulatory banking capital (S1); adequacy of regulatory capital (S2); capital sufficiency (S3). Banks must stick to each to provide banks with financial stability. Also, additional buffer capital (conversion buffer, countercyclical buffer and system buffer) will be introduced to ensure the bank 's financial stability reserve from January 1, 2020. Their main task is to create a ""pillow"" to stabilize the financial condition of banks in times of recession and crisis. Prospects for further research are to find approaches for increasing the bank's resource base in unstable economic conditions in Ukraine.

Diagnosis of malignant tumors is an urgent problem of the modern world. Early diagnosis depends on General practitioners. The doctor should conduct a systematic examination of the patient regularly, taking into account the risk groups, gender and age. With mass screening, signs of dysplasia or an early focus, developing cancer can «slip away» [1]. Optimization of analysis and examination algorithms is required, which is not always possible for one person. Positive application of the digital program with elements of imaging in Oncology, we were able to create such a class of tasks for the preliminary subjective-objective survey of patients in three versions: with a widescreen screen and consoles for patients (group version up to 15 or more patients), interactive (touch) and tablet. The results of the survey are sent through the accepted channels to the doctor with recommendations for further examination, and the patient is given a coupon. The pilot program showed that the system of such robotic technologies in the future can replace the oncologist in its development to artificial intelligence at the stage of the primary link.

Background: Twin anemia polycythemia sequence is a chronic form of unbalanced fetofetal transfusion through minuscule placental anastomoses in monochorionic twins, leading to anemia in the donor and polycythemia in the recipient. Owing to the low incidence of twin anemia polycythemia sequence, data on diagnosis, management, and outcome are limited. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, management, and outcome in a large international cohort of spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence. Study Design: Data from the international twin anemia polycythemia sequence registry, retrospectively collected between 2014 and 2019, were used for this study. A total of 17 fetal therapy centers contributed to the data collection. The primary outcomes were perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes included a risk factor analysis for perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Results: A total of 249 cases of spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence were included in this study, 219 (88%) of which were diagnosed antenatally and 30 (12%) postnatally. Twin anemia polycythemia sequence was diagnosed antenatally at a median gestational age of 23.7 weeks (interquartile range, 9.7–28.8; range, 15.1–35.3). Antenatal management included laser surgery in 39% (86 of 219), expectant management in 23% (51 of 219), delivery in 16% (34 of 219), intrauterine transfusion (with partial exchange transfusion) in 12% (26 of 219), selective feticide in 8% (18 of 219), and termination of pregnancy in 1% (3 of 219) of cases. Perinatal mortality rate was 15% (72 of 493) for the total group, 22% (54 of 243) for donors, and 7% (18 of 242) for recipients (P, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The larger dataset possesses the greater appliance for further data analysis and using machine learning potential. However, the unique types of complex infrastructure objects exist which can be described by the features sets specific to each object only. These include electrical networks and large power electrical equipment of railway traction substations. Datasets that are acquiring from such equipment during monitoring and maintenance procedures have high dimensional by parameter variety but small samples by its length. Because of this fact, conventional machine learning approaches based on big datasets are unsuitable for intelligent decision support systems in railway power grids. This paper proposes a novel approach to deep learning problems on small datasets by the example of deep feature selection. Pretrained models and transfer learning techniques are modified in this paper to remain robust under noise and outliers. The paper presents a new architecture for intelligent decision support with deep features selection in high dimensional size-limited datasets.

This paper is devoted to a determination of the 0% probability laser-induced damage threshold of the BaGa4Se7 and BaGa2GeSe6 nonlinear elements by the R-on-1 procedure. A Ho:YAG laser radiation at 2091 nm with pulse duration 13-17 ns and varied pulse repetition rate, 2 kHz, 5 kHz and 10 kHz, was used for testing.

A technique for the feasibility study of installation options for gas reciprocating and gas turbine units to provide industrial consumers with electric energy is presented. The technique proposed allows considering several types of gas reciprocating and gas turbine units installed and searching for the best option based on the industrial consumer load. The power consumption of 1 MW has been obtained as a limiting value when choosing the gas reciprocating or gas turbine unit. For gas reciprocating and gas turbine units of various capacities, averaged payback periods have been obtained. Eight installation options have been studied, including special cases considering the equipment failure or malfunction. It has been established that the payback period depends on its rated capacity and generating equipment failures. The possible options for installing various equipment instead of a single gas reciprocating unit with a capacity of 1,000 kW have been analyzed and ten gas reciprocating units with a capacity of 100 kW each installed instead of a single one with a capacity of 1,000 kW have the shortest payback period, about 13 years. It is significantly lower than that for the remaining options considered. Options 3, 5, and 6 considered herein have the worst economic indicators and are unfavorable for use in power supply systems of consumers in terms of both technical specifications and economic indicators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the management and outcome in the post-laser twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS). Data of the international TAPS Registry, collected between 2014 and 2019, were used for this study. The primary outcomes were perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes included a risk factor analysis for perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. A total of 164 post-laser TAPS pregnancies were included, of which 92% (151/164) were diagnosed antenatally and 8% (13/164) postnatally. The median number of days between laser for TTTS and detection of TAPS was 14 (IQR: 7&ndash, 28, range: 1&ndash, 119). Antenatal management included expectant management in 43% (62/151), intrauterine transfusion with or without partial exchange transfusion in 29% (44/151), repeated laser surgery in 15% (24/151), selective feticide in 7% (11/151), delivery in 6% (9/151), and termination of pregnancy in 1% (1/151). The median gestational age (GA) at birth was 31.7 weeks (IQR: 28.6&ndash, 33.7, range: 19.0&ndash, 41.3). The perinatal mortality rate was 25% (83/327) for the total group, 37% (61/164) for donors, and 14% (22/163) for recipients (p &lt, 0.001). Severe neonatal morbidity was detected in 40% (105/263) of the cohort and was similar for donors (43%, 51/118) and recipients (37%, 54/145), p = 0.568. Independent risk factors for spontaneous perinatal mortality were antenatal TAPS Stage 4 (OR = 3.4, 95%CI 1.4-26.0, p = 0.015), TAPS donor status (OR = 4.2, 95%CI 2.1&ndash, 8.3, p &lt, 0.001), and GA at birth (OR = 0.8, 95%CI 0.7&ndash, 0.9, p = 0.001). Severe neonatal morbidity was significantly associated with GA at birth (OR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.3&ndash, 1.7, p &lt, 0.001). In conclusion, post-laser TAPS most often occurs within one month after laser for TTTS, but may develop up to 17 weeks after initial surgery. Management is mostly expectant, but varies greatly, highlighting the lack of consensus on the optimal treatment and heterogeneity of the condition. Perinatal outcome is poor, particularly due to the high rate of perinatal mortality in donor twins.

Stroke as the cause of death stably ranks second in world reports of the World Health Organization. Recently, one of the most pressing problems is the rehabilitation of this category of patients. The authors analyzed the realities of the modern approach to the verticalization of patients with acute disorders of the cerebral circulation and checked the possibility of improving control over it. The article condemns the possibility of using the method of early vertical introspection at the stage of early verticalization for possible prevention of perfusion complications with disturbance of oxygenation of the brain tissue during verticalization. A study of groups with ischemic strokes in carotid basins was carried out. Data were obtained on a significant decrease in cerebral oximetry indices during early verticalization in this category of patients. Conclusions are drawn on the need for further study with the purpose of introducing this technology into recommendations for the rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke.

A practical example of a hermetic cable gland for nuclear power plants is described. A model is constructed for performing diagnostics of the parameters of the hermetic cable gland and a procedure for performing operational monitoring of its state is developed. The proposed device makes it possible to reduce the development risk of emergency situations in the system by increasing the operational reliability of the hermetic cable gland. For this reason, operation monitoring of the electrodynamic state of a hermetic gland in NPP on the basis of an equivalent model is significant and urgent.

Al2O3:Eu3+ nanophosphors were prepared by laser vaporization method in a flowing mixture of Ar/He and O2. Luminescence properties of Al2O3:Eu3+ nanophosphors are predominantly determined by Eu3+ ions red emission with inhomogeneously broadened bands in the region of 550-750 nm corresponding to 5D0 →7FJ transitions of Eu3+ (J = 0 - 4). Hypersensitive electric dipole transition 5D0 →7F2 dominates in the spectrum and is responsible for the red emission. The effect of crystallite size on luminescence properties of Al2O3:Eu3+ nanocrystals was observed. It was shown that the introduction of oxygen during the synthesis improves the luminescence performance. The obtained chromaticity coordinates and high absolute QY (~ 14%) indicate the possibility of using red nanophosphors based on Al2O3:Eu3+.

The article presents a new method for treating iatrogenic damage to membranes in fetuscopic interventions. Since surgical treatment during pregnancy is associated with the use of trocar and amniotic fetal puncture, the most frequent complication of this procedure is premature discharge of amniotic fluid and abortion (28-67%). The new method of treatment is based on the use of the technique of safe and effective hermetic sealing of fetal membranes in fetoscopy, which will reduce the frequency of iatrogenic complications. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has developed a method and created the main components for hermetic sealing of membranes: a tissue sealant from the blood components of the mother - a plasma enriched with platelets, which can be injected into the area of the defect of the fetal bladder in the form of a gel and an amniotic catheter providing effective sealing of the trocar hole from the inner and outer surfaces of the membranes. We described the results of a laboratory experiment on animals, discussed the effectiveness of a new method of treatment and the possibility of its practical application.

According to modern standards of the radio-electronic industry, manufacturers have to use more and more lead-free technology for soldering nodal joints in produced electronic equipment for various purposes. But with the use of lead-free solders, the question arose about their reliability in comparison with their lead counterparts. It is just about the study of the reliability of lead-free solders that is described in this article. For these purposes, such brands of lead-free solders were investigated as SAC 0107, SAC 0307, SAC 0807, SAC 105, SAC 263, SAC 305, SAC 405, SAC 387, SAC 396. The main differences between linear regression analyses of the reliability of lead-free solder based on the characteristics of the solder and under the influence of thermal cycles based on the Weibull distribution are substantiated. The results of the research are presented at the end of the article in the form of graphical figures and tables.

Examples of using the method developed for the earlier proposed concept of the monitoring system of the technical condition of a turbounit are presented. The solution methods of the inverse problem—the calculation of misalignments of supports based on the measurement results of positions of rotor pins in the borings of bearings during the operation of a turbounit—are demonstrated. The results of determination of static responses of supports at operation misalignments are presented. The examples of simulation and calculation of misalignments of supports are made for the three-bearing “high-pressure rotor–middle-pressure rotor” (HPR–MPR) system of a turbounit with 250 MW capacity and for 14-supporting shafting of a turbounit with 1000 MW capacity. The calculation results of coefficients of the stiffness matrix of shaftings and testing of methods for solving the inverse problem by modeling are presented. The high accuracy of the solution of the inverse problem at the inversion of the stiffness matrix of shafting used for determining the correcting centerings of rotors of multisupporting shafting is revealed. The stiffness matrix can be recommended to analyze the influence of displacements of one or several supports on changing the support responses of shafting of the turbounit during adjustment after assembling or repair. It is proposed to use the considered methods of evaluation of misalignments in the monitoring systems of changing the mutual position of supports and centerings of rotors by half-couplings of turbounits, especially for seismically dangerous regions and regions with increased sagging of foundations due to watering of soils.

The rationale is given for the improvement of the regulatory framework for the use of shaft sensors for the in-service condition monitoring of turbo generators and the development of control systems of shaft surfacing and misalignments of supports. A modern concept and a set of methods are proposed for the condition monitoring of the “shaft line–thrust bearing oil film–turbo generator supports” system elements based on the domestic COMPACS® technology. The system raw data are design, technology, installation, and operating parameters of the turbo generator as well as measured parameters of the absolute vibration of supports and mechanical quantities, relative displacements and relative vibration of the rotor teeth in accordance with GOST R 55263-2012. The precalculated shaft line assembly line in the cold state, the nominal parameters of rotor teeth positions on the dynamic equilibrium curve, the static and dynamic characteristics of the oil film of thrust bearings, and the shaft line stiffness matrix of unit support displacements have been introduced into the system. Using the COMPACS-T system, it is planned to measure positions and oscillations of rotor teeth, to count corresponding static and dynamic characteristics of the oil film, and the static and dynamic loads in the supports in real time. Using the obtained data, the system must determine the misalignments of supports and corrective alignments of rotors of coupling halves, voltages in rotor teeth, welds, and bolts of the coupling halves, and provide automatic conclusion if condition monitoring parameters correspond to standard values. A part of the methodological support for the proposed system is presented, including methods for determining static reactions of supports under load, the method for determining shaft line stiffness matrices, and the method for solving the inverse problem, i.e., the determination of the misalignments of the supports by measurements of rotor teeth relative positions in bearing housings. The procedure for calculating misalignments of turbo generator shaft line supports is set out.

This article discusses the use of special software products for the design and simulation of the operation of electrical circuits, namely, the most commonly used programs Electronic Workbench and Multisim are compared, their advantages and disadvantages are determined. In the course of the experiments, on the basis of the above presented software systems, the operation of the electrical circuits of the devices of the amplitude diode detector and the low-frequency amplifier was simulated to identify the capabilities of the programs. In the course of the research, a visual table was compiled, thanks to which it is possible to compare the obtained parameters with the reference characteristics taken from real-life devices. The uptime was chosen as a control parameter, the article contains its calculation formula, and the final calculations are given in the table to better substantiate the capabilities of the software products under consideration. At the end of the article, conclusions are presented on the work done, thanks to which it is possible to determine the pros and cons of each of the programs under consideration.