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71,617 results on '"A. Nicolas"'

1. Introducing the European NETwork for COmbining Language LEarning and Crowdsourcing Techniques (enetCollect)

Author

Lyding, Verena, Nicolas, Lionel, Bédi, Branislav, and Fort, Karën

Abstract

We present enetCollect, a large European network project funded as a COST Action that sets ground for combining crowdsourcing with IT technologies used in areas such as language learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP). This project tackles a major challenge of bringing together interdisciplinary researchers to foster language learning of all European citizens from diverse sociodemographic, cultural, educational, and linguistic backgrounds. It aims at unlocking a crowdsourcing potential available for all languages, including less widely spoken languages, in order to create language resources and achieve a coverage of material for teaching the languages. It will meet its research and capacity-building goals by creating an international community of researchers that will work on producing a comprehensive theoretical framework and running prototypical experiments to benefit a wide range of users and languages, while considering ethical, legal, and business issues. This article informs about its objectives, expected impact and strategic organisation that contribute to reaching its flexible and sustainable success goals. [For the complete volume of short papers, see ED590612.]

Published
2018

2. How to Engage and Adapt to Unprecedented Extremes

Author

Matte, Dominic, Christensen, Jens H., Drews, Martin, Sobolowski, Stefan, Paquin, Dominique, Lynch, Amanda, Bremer, Scott, Engholm, Ida, Brunet, Nicolas D., Kolstad, Erik W., Kettleborough, Helena, Thompson, Vikki, Bevacqua, Emanuele, Heinrich, Dorothy, Pryor, Sara C., Bohnisch, Andrea, Feser, Frauke, Prein, Andreas F., Fischer, Erich, and Leduc, Martin

Subjects
Extreme weather -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Environmental aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Business, Earth sciences, American Meteorological Society -- Conferences, meetings and seminars
Abstract

Exploring Unprecedented Extremes What: Facing the urgent challenge of extreme weather and climate-related events, our societal frameworks for 'resilience' and 'adaptation' are proving to be insufficient. This paper introduces the [...]

Published
2024
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3. Growth and Performance: Business Model Innovation in Family Firms

Author

Angel-Luis Meroño-Cerdan, Francisco-Jose Molina-Castillo, Carolina Lopez-Nicolas, and Jesus Ruiz-Nicolas

Subjects
business model innovation, growth, performance, short term, long term, Business, HF5001-6182, Finance, HG1-9999, Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840
Abstract

A business model, defined as the underlying logic of a company, is not permanent over time. Instead, companies need to introduce innovations in the business model to be competitive in the market. This is even more critical for family firms which are continuously looking for a way to obtain sustainable growth, together with satisfactory performance. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact that business model innovation activities have in the short/long-term growth and performance of family firms. This study was obtained from panel data made up of 112 valid responses from family firms involved in business model innovation. A composite model approach has been used for data analysis. The significant components of BMI that lead to greater growth and performance are identified, the distinction between long-term and short-term effects of BMI on those outcomes is made, and BMI is proven as an authoritative source of competitive advantage and growth in family firms. Those aspects are valuable insights for researchers and managers with regards to which innovation propositions help sustain growth and performance over time.

Published
2024
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4. Code of Practice for the Pastoral Care of International Students: Making a Globalising Industry in New Zealand

Author

Lewis, Nicolas

Abstract

Export education in New Zealand has grown rapidly since 1990, earning significant foreign exchange and underwriting the finance of domestic education. As principal owner of education institutions, the national state is the primary investor. Previous governments treated the "industry" as both windfall and cash-cow as they advanced the neo-liberal project of disentangling state from economy and making education providers self-regulating. The current "Third Way" inspired government has adopted a more prominent management interest in the making of this globalising industry. A new Code of Practice enacts multiple technologies of control from quality control to standard setting, benchmarking, certification and audit. Legitimated by a discourse of concern for the pastoral care of school-aged students, it requires institutions to provide detailed information. The Code makes "the industry" visible, makes a market, controls brand NZ education, regulates through consumer assurance, and imposes direct disciplinary controls on institutions. The Code of Practice makes apparent the ambitions and governmental technologies of the "augmented" neo-liberal state, and is a pivotal structure in the constitution of the industry and of the globalising processes that define it. The paper uses governmentality analysis to uncover these technologies of control and to consider their part in the constitution of both industry and globalisation. (Contains 2 figures, 2 tables and 5 notes.)

Published
2005
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5. Entrepreneurial Human Capital Accumulation and the Growth of Rural Businesses: A Four-Country Survey in Mountainous and Lagging Areas of the European Union

Author

Skuras, Dimitris, Meccheri, Nicolas, Moreira, Manuel Belo, Rosell, Jordi, and Stathopoulou, Sophia

Abstract

The paper presents the processes of entrepreneurial human capital accumulation and its impact on rural business growth. Data are derived from four surveys on rural businesses in mountainous and less favoured areas in Southern Europe. Formal pathways of entrepreneurial human capital accumulation refer to education and training, while informal pathways include the cognitive processes of work and managerial experience acquisition and the non-cognitive processes of being raised within an entrepreneurial family environment and/or being raised in the area within which the business is later set-up. The studies reveal that there is a variety of processes of entrepreneurial human capital and knowledge accumulation that are case study specific. Human capital accumulation processes related to education and training or to work and managerial experience still plays the prime role in predicting successful businesses. Results indicate the need for decentralised, flexible and selective entrepreneurial human capital accumulation support programmes that take into account local idiosyncrasies and needs.

Published
2005
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6. Análisis del Marketing experiencial en la satisfacción del cliente en el sector gastronómico de Guayaquil

Author

Jorge Cueva Estrada, Nicolas Sumba Nacipucha, and Aldo Milenko Cristellot Paredes

Subjects
marketing de experiencias, gastronomía, satisfacción, cliente, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Introducción: La gastronomía en el Ecuador se ha convertido en un motor económico clave del país. Es por ello, que el marketing experiencial aparece en la industria gastronómica, buscando transformar la visita a un restaurante en una experiencia inolvidable, reforzando la conexión entre los establecimientos y sus clientes; Objetivo: analizar el marketing experiencial en la satisfacción del cliente en el sector gastronómico de Guayaquil, Ecuador; Metodología: se elaboró un diseño de investigación empírico, no experimental, con un enfoque descriptivo y de naturaleza transversal. Se empleó la observación como herramienta científica para identificar las estrategias de marketing de experiencias que están empleando los restaurantes; y se diseñó un cuestionario ad-hoc, aplicado a 384 consumidores de restaurantes temáticos para conocer su percepción referente a las diversas estrategias implementadas por los restaurantes; Resultados: Se destaca la diversidad gastronómica de Guayaquil, enriquecida por múltiples culturas. Los consumidores valoran las estrategias de marketing experiencial, principalmente las emocionales y sensoriales. Conclusiones: Se recomienda innovar en estrategias, como personalización de menús y uso de tecnología digital, y adoptar prácticas sostenibles. Los hallazgos, aunque centrados en Guayaquil, pueden tener relevancia en ciudades similares, sugiriendo la necesidad de investigaciones cuantitativas futuras.

Published
2024
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7. Exploring the use of gender-fair language by influencers

Author

Carolina Nicolas, Angelica Urrutia, and Gonzalo González

Subjects
Inclusive language (IL), Inclusive marketing (IM), Social marketing (SM), Gender-fair language (GFL), Digital content (DC), Marketing analytics (MA), Business, HF5001-6182, Finance, HG1-9999
Abstract

Purpose – Explore the use of Gender-Fair Language (GFL) by influencers on Instagram. Design/methodology/approach – The clustering methodology. A digital Bag-of-Words (BoW) Method called GFL Clustering BoW Methodology to identify whether an inclusive marketing (IM) strategy can be used. Thus, this research has a methodological and practical contribution to increasing the number of marketing technology tools. Findings – This study is original as it proposes an inclusive digital marketing strategy and contributes with methods associated with digital transfers in order to improve marketing strategies, tactics and operations for inclusive content with a data integrity approach. Research limitations/implications – Due to the limitations of the application programming interface (API) of the social network Instagram, a limited number of text data were used, which allowed for retrieving the last 12 publications of each studied profile. In addition, it should be considered that this study only includes the Spanish language and is applied to a sample of influencers from Chile. Practical implications – The practical contribution of this study will lead to a key finding for the definition of communication strategies in both public and private organizations. Originality/value – The originality of this work lies in its attractive implications for nonprofit and for-profit organizations, government bodies and private enterprises in the measurement of the success of campaigns with an IM communicational strategy and to incorporate inclusive and non-sexist content for their consumers so as to contribute to society. 摘要 – 研究目的 – 本研究擬探究有影響力的人士在使用即時電報 (Instagram) 時、如何使用性別中立語言。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 研究使用了聚類分析法;具體來說, 研究人員採用一個叫 GFL聚類詞袋法的數位詞袋分析法, 去確定研究可否使用信息管理策略。因此, 本研究在行銷科技方面、添加了一個工具, 就此而言, 本研究在學術的研究法和實務方面、均作出貢獻。 研究結果 – 本研究建議了一個包括一切的數位行銷策略;研究亦構建了若干與數位傳輸有關的方法, 以能利用數據完整性的理念, 為行銷策略、行銷戰術和市場營銷, 在內容的全面包含度方面取得改善。 研究的局限/啟示 – 因為社交網站即時電報的應用程式介面有其局限, 故使用了少量的文本數據, 這可使每個被探討的傳略的最後12個發佈能被撿回。另外需注意的是、本研究只涵蓋西班牙語, 而且, 研究使用的樣本只是來自智利有影響力的人士。 實務方面的啟示 – 本研究在實務方面的貢獻是、它為探討在公共機構和私營機構內使用的溝通策略的定義上、帶來重要的啟發和發現。 研究的原創性/價值 – 本研究的原創性在於它給營利和非營利組織、政府機關和私人企業帶來頗具吸引力的啟示。而這些啟示是與測量以包括一切的行銷溝通策略進行的專門活動是否成功有關的。另外, 涵蓋一切和無性別歧視的內容被納入供消費者使用, 以此為社會帶來裨益。

Published
2023
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11. Powder Coating Automation Can Reach ESG Goals for Automotive Parts

Author

Gervaise, Nicolas

Subjects
Powders -- Technology application, Automobiles -- Equipment and supplies, Robots -- Technology application, Technology application, Robot, Business, Metals, metalworking and machinery industries
Abstract

Q. Our company is working to strengthen our corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals. I have been asked to identify opportunities within our process. Is there anything new for [...]

Published
2024

12. Rural and agricultural productive development behavior. A literature review from the theory of planned behavior between 2008 and 2022

Author

Daniel Yiwady Ordoñez-Abril, Nicolas Aragón-Sánchez, José Julián Ríos-Chávez, and Robert Rodríguez-Porto

Subjects
economic performance, rural development, development projects, Education (General), L7-991, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

The different studies on behavior and decision-making in rural, agro-industrial, territorial, and development projects have gained importance in recent years, mainly due to the need to understand and comprehend those factors of human behavior that affect productive rural development. A systematic review of the literature on planned behavior in rural and agricultural project development between 2008 and 2022 was carried out. The work was carried out by consulting scientific and academic databases such as ScienceDirect, ISI - Web of Science, Springer, Scielo, Emerald, and Scopus, completing the process with content analysis and systematization of articles in NVivo software. Three significant clusters of studies focused on development behavior, rural behavior, and productive development were identified. It was concluded that behavioral studies and their different analysis methods in the rural and agricultural fields aim to improve standard practices through participatory methodological proposals, which reflect on social behavior and the adoption and implementation of practical agricultural development models.

Published
2023
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13. The Middle East faces a series of sham elections

Author

Pelham, Nicolas

Subjects
Middle East -- Elections -- Political aspects, Elections -- Ethical aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Business, Economics, Business, international
Abstract

Judging by election cycles, the Middle East is a paragon of democracy. Egypt will hold an election in December 2023, followed in 2024 by Algeria, Iran, Mauritania and Tunisia. Sadly, [...]

Published
2023

14. How and when does personal life orientation predict well-being?

Author

Gillet, Nicolas, Morin, Alexandre J.S., Huyghebaert-Zouaghi, Tiphaine, Austin, Stephanie, and Fernet, Claude

Subjects
Mediation -- Psychological aspects, Job satisfaction -- Psychological aspects, Business, Human resources and labor relations
Abstract

We examined the direct and indirect--as mediated by job satisfaction--effects of personal life orientation on life satisfaction. We also examined whether these direct and indirect associations differed between employees working [...]

Published
2022
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15. SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIOS FOR GNSS: A Step-by-Step Exposition of an Educational Resource

Author

Langley, Richard B., Bernabeu, Joan, Gault, Nicolas, Li, Yafeng, and Akos, Dennis M.

Subjects
Electronics in navigation -- Exhibitions, Communications equipment -- Exhibitions, Teaching -- Equipment and supplies, Cellular transmission equipment, Telecommunications equipment, Business, Telecommunications industry, University of Colorado
Abstract

With the publication of the book A Software-Defined GPS and Galileo Receiver: A Single-Frequency Approach by Kai Borre, Dennis Akos and their fellow authors, an opensource GNSS software-defined radio (SDR) [...]

Published
2022

16. TAX MINIMIZATION BY FRENCH COHABITING COUPLES

Author

Bargain, Olivier, Echevin, Damien, Etienne, Audrey, Moreau, Nicolas, and Pacifico, Adrien

Subjects
Tax planning -- Demographic aspects -- Methods -- Research, Behavioral economics -- Research, Unmarried couples -- Finance -- Taxation, Company business management, Company financing, Business, Economics, Law
Abstract

This paper examines the tax returns of French cohabiting couples with children. These couples form two separate tax units and must optimally assign their children to the tax unit of one of the parents to optimize tax rebates. We find that children are allocated in a way that minimizes tax liability in 75 percent of cohabiting households. The 25 percent of households that fail to minimize their liability appear to use heuristics, are influenced by inertia, and possibly fail to fully cooperate as suboptimal couples tend to separate more and marry less in the subsequent period. Keywords: efficiency, noncooperative model, income taxation, learning, tax returns JEL Codes: D13, D61, H31, I. INTRODUCTION This paper focuses on household decisions regarding tax filing and aims to detect nonminimizing income tax behavior among cohabiting couples with children. In France and the United States [...]

Published
2022
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17. Employee Ownership In the Americas. A path to shared prosperity

Author

GUTIÉRREZ, GONZALO HERNÁNDEZ, DEL VALLE, RODRIGO ZULOAGA FERNÁNDEZ, BLASI, JOSEPH, KRUSE, DOUGLAS L., HERNÁNDEZ, GONZALO, FREUNDLICH, FRED, AUBERT, NICOLAS, CORDOVA, MIGUEL, SHIPPER, FRANK, WELTMANN, DAN, NOBLES, BILL, PALMIERI, MICHAEL, COMELLINI, MARIANA, CORTIÑAS, VERÓNICA, BAYARDO, JOSÉ, RONCANCIO, ROLANDO, LEZETA, ION, LOYOLA, AITZOL, LEGARRA, MAITE, COOPER, CHRIS, LAGOS, DIÓGENES, GUTIÉRREZ, GONZALO HERNÁNDEZ, DEL VALLE, RODRIGO ZULOAGA FERNÁNDEZ, BLASI, JOSEPH, KRUSE, DOUGLAS L., HERNÁNDEZ, GONZALO, FREUNDLICH, FRED, AUBERT, NICOLAS, CORDOVA, MIGUEL, SHIPPER, FRANK, WELTMANN, DAN, NOBLES, BILL, PALMIERI, MICHAEL, COMELLINI, MARIANA, CORTIÑAS, VERÓNICA, BAYARDO, JOSÉ, RONCANCIO, ROLANDO, LEZETA, ION, LOYOLA, AITZOL, LEGARRA, MAITE, COOPER, CHRIS, and LAGOS, DIÓGENES

Published
2023

18. Net zero: the UK is at a critical juncture

Author

Gillanders, Nicolas

Subjects
Political parties -- United Kingdom, Commercial real estate, Emissions (Pollution), Business, Business, international, Real estate industry
Abstract

Editor: As the UK approaches the July general election, the spotlight is on the climate policy commitments of the two main political parties. This election represents a crucial juncture for [...]

Published
2024

19. How much for a haircut? Illiquidity, secondary markets, and the value of private equity

Author

Bollen, Nicolas P. B. and Sensoy, Berk A.

Subjects
Financial research, Liquidity (Finance) -- Research -- Economic aspects, Private equity funds -- Research -- Economic aspects, Secondary market -- Research -- Economic aspects, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

Limited partners (LPs) of private equity funds commit to invest with extreme levels of illiquidity and significant uncertainty regarding the timing of capital flows, often exacerbated by the LPs' spending requirements and portfolio rebalancing needs. Secondary markets have emerged that alleviate some of the associated cost. This paper develops a valuation model incorporating these institutional features. Model-implied breakeven returns match empirically observed average fund returns for moderately risk-tolerant LPs with private equity allocations up to 40%. In contrast, when earning average returns in private equity, highly riskaverse LPs optimally allocate only a few percent to the asset class. KEYWORDS Private equity, liquidity, performance, valuation, secondary market, 1 | INTRODUCTION Institutional investors now routinely allocate 15%-40% of their portfolios to private equity funds. This capital is committed with extreme restrictions on liquidity. Private equity funds are organized [...]

Published
2022
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20. The Relation Between Porosity Level and Radiographic Quality in A356 Castings

Author

Chiesa, Franco, Rousseau, Jean-nicolas, and Levasseur, David

Subjects
Porosity, Alloys, Aluminum castings, Business, Metals, metalworking and machinery industries
Abstract

Most commercial modeling software predicts the distribution of porosity, a material property which is rarely specified in the industry. Translating this porosity into a radiographic quality is of practical importance. [...]

Published
2022

21. Demand Response: Smart Market Designs for Smart Consumers

Author

Astier, Nicolas and Leautier, Thomas-Olivier

Subjects
Spot market -- Analysis, Economic incentives -- Analysis, Rebates -- Usage, Consumer behavior -- Analysis, Energy trading -- Analysis, Energy consumption -- Analysis, Business, Economics, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

We study Peak-Time-Rebates (PTR) contracts in day-ahead electricity markets. Such contracts reward customers for reducing their consumption when wholesale prices are high. We start by pointing out that these market designs create arbitrage opportunities which, under asymmetric information, incentivize strategic consumers to inflate their baseline. We then show that an incentive compatible PTR design is equivalent to a variable Critical-Peak-Pricing design (vCPP), in which customers have to purchase their peak consumption at the spot price. Under asymmetric information, a relevant question is thus to design vCPP contracts optimally in order to achieve high enrollment rates under voluntary opt-in. This problem has different solutions depending on whether policy-makers choose to maintain existing cross-subsidies or not. Keywords: Demand response, Asymmetric information, Market design, Cross-subsidies, Opt-in, 1. INTRODUCTION The U.S. is on its way to becoming a net energy exporter. Most current and planned energy production, whether conventional or renewable, will take place on farmland (Hitaj [...]

Published
2021
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23. How young companies can effectively manage their slack resources over time to ensure sales growth: the contingent role of value-based selling

Author

de Jong, Ad, Zacharias, Nicolas A., and Nijssen, Edwin J.

Subjects
Selling -- Methods, Strategic planning (Business) -- Methods, Entrepreneurship -- Analysis -- Methods, Advertising, marketing and public relations, Business
Abstract

This research aims to bridge the entrepreneurship and marketing/sales literature streams by studying how young firms enable their resource endowments using value-based selling. Drawing on effectuation logic, the authors examine how young firms can achieve sales growth by using human and financial resource slack during the early years of their existence and accounting for the impact of the variability of these resources over time. The integrated framework and hypotheses are tested using unique, multisource (survey and objective archival) longitudinal panel data from 71 young firms covering a seven-year period. As anticipated, the findings show that both financial and human resource slack are negatively related to young firms' sales growth over time and that financial resource slack variability exerts a positive impact and human resource slack variability exerts a (nonsignificant) negative impact. The results also confirm the importance of value-based selling as a guiding mechanism that significantly alters the effects of both types of resource slack and their variability over time. While value-based selling can help a young firm use slack to grow more effectively, it also has a dark side in that it can stand in the way of risk taking., Author(s): Ad de Jong [sup.1] , Nicolas A. Zacharias [sup.2] , Edwin J. Nijssen [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4655.2, 0000 0004 0417 0154, Copenhagen Business School, , Solbjergplads 3, 2000, [...]

Published
2021
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24. A Pronounced Impact: Including Salinity to Better Predict Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification

Author

Balaguru, Karthik, Foltz, Gregory R., Leung, L. Ruby, Kaplan, John, Xu, Wenwei, Reul, Nicolas, and Chapron, Bertrand

Subjects
Tropical cyclones -- Forecasts and trends -- Research -- Speed, Meteorological research, Salinity -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

Tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI), defined as an increase in intensity of at least 30 kt (1 kt [approximately equal to] 0.51 m [s.sup.-1]) in a 24-h period, is [...]

Published
2021
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25. TEACHING IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC, CONVERGING TOWARDS A HYBRID SCENARIO

Author

Ruben Nicolas-Sans, Javier Bustos Díaz, and Jesus Alvarez Valdes

Subjects
teaching, covid19, education, digital divide, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Hybrid model, online synchronous model, synchronous and blended model: over the last year, teachers have had to adapt to a series of regulatory changes because of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, especially in the university environment. In this sense, planning classes has become a suggestion, since in a single semester, different ways of teaching have been employed ranging from 100% synchronous to hybrid. This raises the following question: how have teachers adapted to the changes? Have they changed the way they teach, what are the most commonly used teaching methodologies today? Similarly, has the technological leap been a real problem when changing from the 100% face-to-face model to the different varieties that the health authorities have allowed us to use? For all these reasons, the present study aims to analyze the impact of the application of the different educational models at the university in order to discover the main obstacles teachers have found during this period, and, above all, to study the main methodologies used during this period. To do this, we have carried out a survey among the teachers of the ESIC Business and Marketing School in Barcelona, which has allowed us to collect quantitative and qualitative aspects. As for the conclusions, initially, we can say that there has been a radical change in the way in which classes are being taught. Lectures have almost completely been abandoned and great value is being given to group work and projects. Finally, one of the most outstanding aspects in the conclusions is that teachers emphasize the importance of recycling and methodological innovation in order to continue implementing new teaching methodologies.

Published
2022
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26. Was the Extended Rainy Winter 2018/19 over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Driven by Anthropogenic Forcing?

Author

Hu, Zhiyuan, Li, Haiyan, Liu, Jiawei, Qiao, Shaobo, Wang, Dongqian, Freychet, Nicolas, Tett, Simon F.B., Dong, Buwen, Lott, Fraser C., Li, Qingxiang, and Dong, Wenjie

Subjects
Yangtze River region -- Environmental aspects, Rain and rainfall -- Forecasts and trends, Extreme weather -- Forecasts and trends, Human beings -- Influence on nature, Market trend/market analysis, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

Anthropogenic forcing reduced the probability of rainfall amount in the extended rainy winter of 2018/19 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, by ~19%, but exerted [...]

Published
2021
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27. Capital Controls and Electoral Cycles

Author

Gavoille, Nicolas and Hofer, Katharina

Subjects
Capital controls -- Political aspects, Elections -- Economic aspects, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Business, international, International Monetary Fund -- Reports
Abstract

This paper studies the relation between the evolution of capital controls and electoral cycles. We exploit a dataset containing detailed information on the level of restrictions on capital flows for 98 countries on an annual basis from 1995 to 2015, constructed by Fernandez et al. (IMF Econ Rev 64:548-574, 2016). First, we find that restrictions are more likely to increase during an election year. The relationship between changes in capital controls and elections is more robust than with any other economic variable. Second, these changes are driven predominantly by restrictions on capital outflows and on relatively liquid asset categories. Third, changes occur mostly after elections, though not exclusively. Finally, capital controls increase more if the new government is more leftist or less liberal than its predecessor, and greater electoral uncertainty is related to higher restrictions on capital flows. Overall, these results suggest that theories examining the cyclical properties of capital controls should also consider electoral cycles. JEL Classification F38 * D72 * E32, 1 Introduction The Great Recession and the series of crises hitting countries with free capital mobility have put into question the long-standing paradigm that capital controls lead to inefficiencies, hampering [...]

Published
2021
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28. A breakthrough in measuring elasticity

Author

Lorion, Chloe, Lopez-Gaydon, Amandine, Bonnet, Sebastien, Drillat, Anna, Paillier, Celine, Vogelgesang, Boris, and Bechetoille, Nicolas

Subjects
Skin -- Measurement, Business, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries, Business, international
Abstract

Gattefosse and BioMeca have collaborated on a new 3D model of microtissue to study in vitro skin elastic properties, as Chloe Lorion, Amandine Lopez-Gaydon, Sebastien Bonnet, Anna Drillat, Celine Paillier, [...]

Published
2021

29. On the C[O.sub.2] Emissions Determinants During the EU ETS Phases I and II: A Plant-level Analysis Merging the EUTL and Platts Power Data

Author

Cheze, Benoit, Chevallier, Julien, Berghmans, Nicolas, and Alberola, Emilie

Subjects
Power plants -- Analysis, Electric power-plants -- Analysis, Air quality management -- Analysis, Emissions (Pollution) -- Analysis, Company acquisition/merger, Business, Economics, Petroleum, energy and mining industries, European Union
Abstract

This article studies ex-post the C[O.sub.2] emissions determinants during 2005-2012 by resorting to an original database merging the European Union Transaction Log (EUTL) with the World Electric Power Plants (WEPP) database maintained by Platts. We estimate the main drivers of C[O.sub.2] emissions for the 1,453 power plants included in the EU ETS using plant-level panel data. During phases I and II, there has been a debate about whether the economic crisis was ultimately the only factor behind the fall in C[O.sub.2] emissions. We find that the EU ETS kept some degree of effectiveness but only during phase I (2005-07). During phase II (2008-12), its impact has been largely impeded by the deep economic recession in 2008-2009 which became the leading cause of the emissions reduction. We disentangle the analysis not only by periods but also for each type of power plants. We conclude that the EU Commission's flagship climate policy could and should be enhanced by better coordination of overlapping climate policies. Keywords: European carbon price, Plant-level analysis, Dynamic Panel data, EUTL, Platts, 1. INTRODUCTION Has the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) effectively reduced C[O.sub.2] emissions? At the current price of 22.82 Euro per ton of C[O.sub.2] for futures traded on [...]

Published
2020
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30. chapter 15: ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON THE PERSISTENT NIGHT-TIME HEAT WAVE IN SUMMER 2018 OVER NORTHEAST CHINA: Persistent night-time heat waves like the event of summer 2018 in Northeast China are extremely rare (about a one-in-a-500-year event) in the natural world, but now have become about a one-in-60-year event with anthropogenic warming

Author

Ren, Liwen, Wang, Dongqian, An, Ning, Ding, Shuoyi, Yang, Kai, Yu, Rong, Freychet, Nicolas, Tett, Simon F.B., Dong, Buwen, and Lott, Fraser C.

Subjects
Hot weather -- Environmental aspects, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

In the summer of 2018, Northeast China was affected by an unprecedentedly long and intense heat wave. The China Meteorological Administration issued 33 days of consecutive 'high temperature-alert' warnings from [...]

Published
2020
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31. Credit Disintermediation and Monetary Policy

Author

Crouzet, Nicolas

Subjects
Bank loans -- Models, Monetary policy -- Analysis, Bonds -- Models, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Business, international
Abstract

Since the early 1990s, the share of loans in total debt of US firms appears to have declined. This paper explores the implications of this trend toward 'disintermediation' for the transmission of monetary policy shocks. Empirically, investment among firms with high loan shares is significantly more responsive to monetary policy shocks. Moreover, this pass-through has declined since the early 1990s, when disintermediation started. A model where firms choose debt structure by trading off the flexibility of loans against the lower cost of bonds can account for the higher sensitivity of more bank-dependent firms to monetary shocks. In this model, disintermediation also leads to a decline in the overall pass-through of monetary shocks to investment. JEL Classification E52 * G23 * G32, 1 Introduction In recent decades, the role of banks in the provision of credit to corporations in the US appears to have shifted. Figure 1 reports the share of loans [...]

Published
2021
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32. Effect of anti-interleukin drugs in patients with COVID-19 and signs of cytokine release syndrome (COV-AID): a factorial, randomised, controlled trial

Author

Benoit Misset, Hans Slabbynck, Ursula Smole, Linos Vandekerckhove, Nicolas Dauby, Helena Catharine Aegerter, Nicolas De Schryver, Jozefien Declercq, Catherine Legrand, Levi Hoste, Gil Verschelden, Fre Bauters, Xavier Wittebole, Bastiaan Maes, Eva Van Braeckel, Sébastien Anguille, Catherine Van Der Straeten, Marc Buyse, Sylvie Rottey, Tom Fivez, Dieter Stevens, Stefaan J. Vandecasteele, Maya Hites, Elke Govaerts, I Peene, Karel Van Damme, Simon Tavernier, Frank Hulstaert, Roos Colman, Stefanie De Buyser, Elisabeth De Leeuw, Jeroen Van der Hilst, Filip Moerman, Fabienne Liénart, Leen J M Seys, Leslie Naesens, Filomeen Haerynck, Ingel K. Demedts, Cedric Bosteels, Victor Bosteels, Pieter Depuydt, Johan Van Laethem, Bart N. Lambrecht, Internal Medicine, Supporting clinical sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, UCL - SSS/IREC/MEDA - Pôle de médecine aiguë, UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs, UCL - SSH/LIDAM/ISBA - Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Van Laethem, Johan/0000-0002-2490-216X, Hoste, Levi/0000-0001-9733-1049, Naesens, Leslie/0000-0003-1715-0665, Declercq , Jozefien, Van Damme, Karel F. A., De Leeuw, Elisabeth, Maes, Bastiaan, Bosteels, Cedric, Tavernier, Simon J., De Buyser, Stefanie, Colman, Roos, Hites, Maya, Verschelden, Gil, Fivez, Tom, Moerman , Filip, Demedts, Ingel K., Dauby, Nicolas, De Schryver, Nicolas, Govaerts , Elke, Vandecasteele, Stefaan J., Van Laethem, Johan, Anguille, Sebastien, VAN DER HILST, Jeroen, Misset, Benoit, Slabbynck, Hans, Wittebole, Xavier, Lienart, Fabienne, LEGRAND, Catherine, BUYSE, Marc, Stevens, Dieter, Bauters, Fre, Seys, Leen J. M., Aegerter, Helena, Smole, Ursula, Bosteels, Victor, Hoste , Levi, Naesens, Leslie, Haerynck, Filomeen, Vandekerckhove, Linos, Depuydt, Pieter, van Braeckel, Eva, Rottey, Sylvie, Peene, Isabelle, Van Der Straeten, Catherine, Hulstaert, Frank, and Lambrecht, Bart N.

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Population, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, law.invention, Belgium, Randomized controlled trial, law, Fraction of inspired oxygen, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Hypoxia, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, Interleukin-6, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Comment, Hazard ratio, COVID-19, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Blockade, Oxygen, Cytokine release syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Respiratory failure, Anesthesia, Ferritins, Female, SOFA score, Human medicine, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Respiratory Insufficiency, business, Interleukin-1
Abstract

Background Infections with SARS-CoV-2 continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 blockade have been proposed as therapeutic strategies in COVID-19, but study outcomes have been conflicting. We sought to study whether blockade of the IL-6 or IL-1 pathway shortened the time to clinical improvement in patients with COVID-19, hypoxic respiratory failure, and signs of systemic cytokine release syndrome. Methods We did a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial, in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, hypoxia, and signs of a cytokine release syndrome across 16 hospitals in Belgium. Eligible patients had a proven diagnosis of COVID-19 with symptoms between 6 and 16 days, a ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2:FiO(2)) of less than 350 mm Hg on room air or less than 280 mm Hg on supplemental oxygen, and signs of a cytokine release syndrome in their serum (either a single ferritin measurement of more than 2000 mu g/L and immediately requiring high flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation, or a ferritin concentration of more than 1000 mu g/L, which had been increasing over the previous 24 h, or lyrnphopenia below 800/mL with two of the following criteria: an increasing ferritin concentration of more than 700 mu g/L, an increasing lactate dehydrogenase concentration of more than 300 international units per L, an increasing C-reactive protein concentration of more than 70 mg/L, or an increasing D-dimers concentration of more than 1000 ng/mL). The COV-AID trial has a 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate IL-1 blockade versus no IL-1 blockade and IL-6 blockade versus no IL-6 blockade. Patients were randomly assigned by means of permuted block randomisation with varying block size and stratification by centre. In a first randomisation, patients were assigned to receive subcutaneous anakinra once daily (100 mg) for 28 days or until discharge, or to receive no IL-1 blockade (1:2). In a second randomisation step, patients were allocated to receive a single dose of siltuximab (11 mg/kg) intravenously, or a single dose of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) intravenously, or to receive no IL-6 blockade (1:1:1). The primary outcome was the time to clinical improvement, defined as time from randomisation to an increase of at least two points on a 6-category ordinal scale or to discharge from hospital alive. The primary and supportive efficacy endpoints were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in the safety population. This study is registered online with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04330638) and EudraCT (2020-001500-41) and is complete. Findings Between April 4, and Dec 6,2020,342 patients were randomly assigned to IL-1 blockade n=112) or no IL-1 blockade (n=230) and simultaneously randomly assigned to IL-6 blockade (n=227; 114 for tocilizumab and 113 for siltuximab) or no IL-6 blockade (n=115). Most patients were male (265 [77%] of 342), median age was 65 years (IQR 54-73), and median Systematic Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at randomisation was 3 (2-4). All 342 patients were included in the primary intention-to-treat analysis. The estimated median time to clinical improvement was 12 days (95% CI 10-16) in the IL-1 blockade group versus 12 days (10-15) in the no IL-1 blockade group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94 [95% CI 0.73-1.21]). For the IL-6 blockade group, the estimated median time to clinical improvement was 11 days (95% CI 10-16) versus 12 days (11-16) in the no IL-6 blockade group (HR 1.00[0-78-1-29]). 55 patients died during the study, but no evidence for differences in mortality between treatment groups was found. The incidence of serious adverse events and serious infections was similar across study groups. Interpretation Drugs targeting IL-1 or IL-6 did not shorten the time to clinical improvement in this sample of patients with COVID-19, hypoxic respiratory failure, low SOFA score, and low baseline mortality risk. Copyright (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Belgian Health Care Knowledge Center; VIB Grand Challenges program The authors acknowledge professional support and committed efforts from various organisations and individuals involved in this trial and thank all trial participants and clinicians involved in patient recruitment at the different participating sites. This study was funded by KCE, and KCE was involved in various aspects of the study design, management, and execution (Nelle Stocquart, Jillian Harrison). The VIB Grand Challenges Program (Sofie Bekaert) funded measurements of cytokines and the Ghent University Special Research Fund (BOF) supported the clinical follow-up of patients at Ghent University Hospital (UZ Ghent). The clinical trial team of the Department of Respiratory Medicine at UZ Ghent (Stefanie Vermeersch, Benedicte Demeyere, Anja Delporte) were involved in protocol development, amendment filing, and eCRF construction. The Health Innovation and Research Institute of UZ Ghent was involved in eCRF design, protocol design, ethical committee reporting, drug dispensing, trial monitoring, data cleaning, and sponsor site management (Charlotte Clauwaert, Dries Loncke, Hanife Kokur, Lieselot Van Landuyt, Joke Tommelein, Hélène De Naeyer). The hospital pharmacy of UZ Ghent dispensed drugs to all study sites (Els Kestens). Team members of the Primary Immune Deficiency laboratory (Karlien Claes, Veronique Debacker, Lisa Roels, Zara Declercq) handled samples from all study sites. The authors acknowledge the insights of the data safety monitoring board (Drs Renaat Peleman, Geert Leroux-Roels, Steven Callens, Frank Vermassen, Piet Hoebeke, Karim Vermaelen, A Dupont, Tomasz Burzykowski, and Marnik Vuylsteke under the chairmanship of SR).

Published
2021

33. Which collaborations allow firms to become gatekeepers? A longitudinal analysis of a large-scale collaboration network

Author

Nicolas Zacharias, Dace Daldere, and Oliver Hinz

Subjects
Knowledge management, Resource (project management), Dynamic network analysis, Knowledge base, business.industry, Strategy and Management, Scale (social sciences), Collaborative network, Position (finance), business, Moderation, Competitive advantage
Abstract

Having a gatekeeper position in a collaborative network offers firms great potential to gain competitive advantages. However, it is not well understood what kind of collaborations are associated with such a position. Conceptually grounded in social network theory, this study draws on the resource-based view and the relational factors view to investigate which types of collaboration characterize firms that are in a gatekeeper position, which ultimately could improve firm performance in subsequent periods. The empirical analysis utilizes a unique longitudinal data set to examine dynamic network formation. We used a data crawling approach to reconstruct collaboration networks among the 500 largest companies in Germany over nine years and matched these networks with performance data. The results indicate that firms in gatekeeper positions often engage in medium-intensity collaborations and less likely weak-intensity collaborations. Strong-intensity collaborations are not related to the likelihood of being a gatekeeper. Our study further reveals that a firm's knowledge base is an important moderator and that this knowledge base can increase the benefits of having a gatekeeper position in terms of firm performance.

Published
2023

34. A plea for systematic literature analysis and conclusive study design, comment on: 'Systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of Meniere disease'

Author

Jermy Hornibrook, Nicolas Perez-Fernandez, Michael B. Gluth, Shinji Naganawa, Michihiko Sone, Robert Gürkov, Munehisa Fukushima, Jing Zou, Shin-ichi Usami, Wuqing Wang, Krisztina Barath, Bert De Foer, and Ilmari Pyykkö

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, MEDLINE, Magnetic resonance imaging, Sensory Systems, MENIERE DISEASE, Plea, Otorhinolaryngology, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business
Published
2023

35. Limited benefit of systematic head CT for mild traumatic brain injury in patients under antithrombotic therapy

Author

Sahara Graf, Nicolas Thellier, Lucie Colas, Gregory Bertolotti, Jean-François Budzik, Juliette Ding, and Sébastien Verclytte

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Traumatic brain injury, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Significant difference, Population, Anticoagulant, medicine.disease, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Antithrombotic treatment, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesia, Antithrombotic, medicine, Platelet aggregation inhibitor, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Neurology (clinical), education, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and purpose Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in patients on antiplatelet (AP), anticoagulant (AC) or direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) medication has become a systematic indication for head CT. However, the over-risk and impact of the intracranial hemorrhages (IH) detected with CT in this population remain unclear and need to be assessed. Materials and methods We prospectively assessed head CTs performed in adults taking AP/AC/DOAC referred after a mTBI to our Emergency Departments between September 2016 and January 2018. Frequency, type and severity of IH were described and frequency was analyzed as a function of treatment. Results 840 patients were prospectively included. 58.9% were treated with AP, 23.7% with AC, 11.7% with DOAC and 5.7% with a combination of antithrombotic agents. The rate of IH detected with head CT was 5.8% (n = 49), of which 81.6% (n = 40) and 18.4% (n = 9) with minor and intermediate severity respectively. No patient required surgical care and no death occurred. No statistically significant difference was found in treatment distribution between patients with or without IH (p = 0.98). Among the patients who discontinued their antithrombotic treatment after mTBI, three experienced thrombotic events during the hospitalization. Conclusions Our results showed a low frequency and severity of IH in mTBI patients indifferently treated with AP, AC or DOAC, without secondary neurological deterioration, death or need of surgical care. Our study suggests the limited benefit of systematic CT head scan as a standard practice for the management of mTBI patients under antithrombotic therapy.

Published
2023

36. Simulated Material Transformation: A Case Study

Author

Poulain, Nicolas

Subjects
Environmental engineering -- Case studies -- Production processes, Architecture and design industries, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

Simulation has nearly limitless applications and has revolutionized engineering developments in manufacturing. The idea of trials and errors in real life is from the past and could not be legitimized [...]

Published
2022

37. Association Between FIASMAs and Reduced Risk of Intubation or Death in Individuals Hospitalized for Severe COVID‐19: An Observational Multicenter Study

Author

Hoertel, Nicolas, Sánchez-Rico, Marina, Gulbins, Erich, Kornhuber, Johannes, Carpinteiro, Alexander, Lenze, Eric J., Reiersen, Angela M., Abellán, Miriam, de la Muela, Pedro, Vernet, Raphaël, Blanco, Carlos, Cougoule, Céline, Neuraz, Antoine, Gorwood, Philip, Alvarado, Jesús M., Meneton, Pierre, Limosin, Frédéric, Ancel, Pierre-Yves, Bauchet, Alain, Beeker, Nathanaël, Benoit, Vincent, Bernaux, Mélodie, Bellamine, Ali, Bey, Romain, Bourmaud, Aurélie, Breant, Stéphane, Burgun, Anita, Carrat, Fabrice, Caucheteux, Charlotte, Champ, Julien, Cormont, Sylvie, Daniel, Christel, Dubiel, Julien, Ducloas, Catherine, Esteve, Loic, Frank, Marie, Garcelon, Nicolas, Gramfort, Alexandre, Griffon, Nicolas, Grisel, Olivier, Guilbaud, Martin, Hassen-Khodja, Claire, Hemery, François, Hilka, Martin, Sophie Jannot, Anne, Lambert, Jerome, Layese, Richard, Leblanc, Judith, Lebouter, Léo, Lemaitre, Guillaume, Leprovost, Damien, Lerner, Ivan, Levi Sallah, Kankoe, Maire, Aurélien, Mamzer, Marie-France, Martel, Patricia, Mensch, Arthur, Moreau, Thomas, Orlova, Nina, Paris, Nicolas, Rance, Bastien, Ravera, Hélène, Rozes, Antoine, Salamanca, Elisa, Sandrin, Arnaud, Serre, Patricia, Tannier, Xavier, Treluyer, Jean-Marc, van Gysel, Damien, Varoquaux, Gaël, Vie, Jill Jen, Wack, Maxime, Wajsburt, Perceval, Wassermann, Demian, Zapletal, Eric, Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), University of Duisburg-Essen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), National Institute on Drug Abuse [Bethesda] (NIDA), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP / Université de Paris / INSERM COVID-19 research collaboration, AP-HP COVID CDR Initiative, 'Entrepôt de Données de Santé' AP-HP Consortium: Pierre-Yves Ancel, Alain Bauchet, Nathanaël Beeker, Vincent Benoit, Mélodie Bernaux, Ali Bellamine, Romain Bey, Aurélie Bourmaud, Stéphane Breant, Anita Burgun, Fabrice Carrat, Charlotte Caucheteux, Julien Champ, Sylvie Cormont, Christel Daniel, Julien Dubiel, Catherine Ducloas, Loic Esteve, Marie Frank, Nicolas Garcelon, Alexandre Gramfort, Nicolas Griffon, Olivier Grisel, Martin Guilbaud, Claire Hassen-Khodja, François Hemery, Martin Hilka, Anne Sophie Jannot, Jerome Lambert, Richard Layese, Judith Leblanc, Léo Lebouter, Guillaume Lemaitre, Damien Leprovost, Ivan Lerner, Kankoe Levi Sallah, Aurélien Maire, Marie-France Mamzer, Patricia Martel, Arthur Mensch, Thomas Moreau, Antoine Neuraz, Nina Orlova, Nicolas Paris, Bastien Rance, Hélène Ravera, Antoine Rozes, Elisa Salamanca, Arnaud Sandrin, Patricia Serre, Xavier Tannier, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Damien van Gysel, Gaël Varoquaux, Jill Jen Vie, Maxime Wack, Perceval Wajsburt, Demian Wassermann, Eric Zapletal, Martinez Rico, Clara, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), National Institute on Drug Abuse [Bethesda], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Collaborators : AP-HP / Université de Paris / INSERM COVID-19 research collaboration, AP-HP COVID CDR Initiative, 'Entrepôt de Données de Santé' AP-HP Consortium: Pierre-Yves Ancel, Alain Bauchet, Nathanaël Beeker, Vincent Benoit, Mélodie Bernaux, Ali Bellamine, Romain Bey, Aurélie Bourmaud, Stéphane Breant, Anita Burgun, Fabrice Carrat, Charlotte Caucheteux, Julien Champ, Sylvie Cormont, Christel Daniel, Julien Dubiel, Catherine Ducloas, Loic Esteve, Marie Frank, Nicolas Garcelon, Alexandre Gramfort, Nicolas Griffon, Olivier Grisel, Martin Guilbaud, Claire Hassen-Khodja, François Hemery, Martin Hilka, Anne Sophie Jannot, Jerome Lambert, Richard Layese, Judith Leblanc, Léo Lebouter, Guillaume Lemaitre, Damien Leprovost, Ivan Lerner, Kankoe Levi Sallah, Aurélien Maire, Marie-France Mamzer, Patricia Martel, Arthur Mensch, Thomas Moreau, Antoine Neuraz, Nina Orlova, Nicolas Paris, Bastien Rance, Hélène Ravera, Antoine Rozes, Elisa Salamanca, Arnaud Sandrin, Patricia Serre, Xavier Tannier, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Damien Van Gysel, Gaël Varoquaux, Jill Jen Vie, Maxime Wack, Perceval Wajsburt, Demian Wassermann, Eric Zapletal, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Health data- and model- driven Knowledge Acquisition (HeKA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Medizin, law.invention, Cohort Studies, COVID-19 Testing, medications, Randomized controlled trial, law, Clinical endpoint, Intubation, Pharmacology (medical), Enzyme Inhibitors, acid sphingomyelinase, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, treatment, Inverse probability weighting, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase, Female, FIASMA, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, intubation, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, ceramide, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, SARS-CoV-2, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, COVID-19, mortality, Confidence interval, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Observational study, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Collaborators : AP-HP / Université de Paris / INSERM COVID-19 research collaboration, AP-HP COVID CDR Initiative, “Entrepôt de Données de Santé” AP-HP Consortium: Pierre-Yves Ancel, Alain Bauchet, Nathanaël Beeker, Vincent Benoit, Mélodie Bernaux, Ali Bellamine, Romain Bey, Aurélie Bourmaud, Stéphane Breant, Anita Burgun, Fabrice Carrat, Charlotte Caucheteux, Julien Champ, Sylvie Cormont, Christel Daniel, Julien Dubiel, Catherine Ducloas, Loic Esteve, Marie Frank, Nicolas Garcelon, Alexandre Gramfort, Nicolas Griffon, Olivier Grisel, Martin Guilbaud, Claire Hassen-Khodja, François Hemery, Martin Hilka, Anne Sophie Jannot, Jerome Lambert, Richard Layese, Judith Leblanc, Léo Lebouter, Guillaume Lemaitre, Damien Leprovost, Ivan Lerner, Kankoe Levi Sallah, Aurélien Maire, Marie-France Mamzer, Patricia Martel, Arthur Mensch, Thomas Moreau, Antoine Neuraz, Nina Orlova, Nicolas Paris, Bastien Rance, Hélène Ravera, Antoine Rozes, Elisa Salamanca, Arnaud Sandrin, Patricia Serre, Xavier Tannier, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Damien Van Gysel, Gaël Varoquaux, Jill Jen Vie, Maxime Wack, Perceval Wajsburt, Demian Wassermann, Eric Zapletal; International audience; Several medications commonly used for a number of medical conditions share a property of functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), or FIASMA. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the (ASM)/ceramide system may be central to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA use among patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 2,846 adult patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, 277 (9.7%) were taking a FIASMA medication at the time of their hospital admission. The primary endpoint was a composite of intubation and/or death. We compared this endpoint between patients taking vs. not taking a FIASMA medication in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting (IPW). Over a mean follow-up of 9.2 days (SD=12.5), the primary endpoint occurred in 104 patients (37.5%) receiving a FIASMA medication, and 1,060 patients (41.4%) who did not. Despite being significantly and substantially associated with older age and greater medical severity, FIASMA medication use was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of intubation or death in both crude (HR=0.71; 95%CI=0.58-0.87; p

Published
2021

38. Rapid Improvement after Starting Elexacaftor–Tezacaftor–Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Advanced Pulmonary Disease

Author

Pierre-Régis Burgel, Isabelle Durieu, Raphaël Chiron, Sophie Ramel, Isabelle Danner-Boucher, Anne Prevotat, Dominique Grenet, Christophe Marguet, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, Julie Macey, Laurent Mely, Annlyse Fanton, Sébastien Quetant, Lydie Lemonnier, Jean-Louis Paillasseur, Jennifer Da Silva, Clémence Martin, Claire Andrejak, Arnaud Becourt, Julie Mounard, Claire Poulet, Cinthia Rames, Marie Talleux, Marie-Chantal Chevalier, Estelle Darviot, Marie Jouvenot, Caroline Marien, Audrey Paris, Cécile Pelatan, Christine Person, Pascaline Priou, Françoise Troussier, Thierry Urban, Marie-Laure Dalphin, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Alice Ladaurade, Didier Pernet, Bénédicte Richaud-Thiriez, Pauline Roux-Claude, Nathalia Blanc, Vincent Boisserie-Lacroix, Stephanie Bui, Cyrielle Collet, Stéphane Debelleix, Emmanuel Bergot, Jacques Brouard, Karine Campbell, Muriel Laurans, Virginie Ribault, Corinne Borderon, Marie-Christine Heraud, Guillaume Labbe, Sylvie Montcouquiol, Isabelle Petit, Marc Ruivard, Céline Delestrain, Benoit Douvry, Ralph Epaud, Bernard Maitre, Natascha Remus, Guillaume Beltramo, Anne Houzel, Frédéric Huet, Stéphanie Perez, Amale Boldron-Ghaddar, Manuela Scalbert, Rabah Bouzioukh, Charles Simon, Boubou Camara, Rébecca Hamidfar, Catherine Llerena, Isabelle Pin, Antoine Deschildre, Alice Gicquello, Olivier Le Rouzic, Clara Leroy, Nicolas Paris, Thierry Perez, Caroline Thumerelle, Dominique Turck, Nathalie Wizla, Magali Dupuy-Grasset, Jane Languepin, Alexandra Masson-Rouchaud, Céline Menetrey, Stéphane Durupt, Sophie L’Excellent, Raphaele Nove-Josserand, Camille Ohlmann, Phillipe Reix, Quitterie Reynaud, Marie-Christine Werck-Gallois, Mélissandre Baravalle, Bérangère Coltey, Nadine Desmazes-Dufeu, Jean-Christophe Dubus, Clarisse Gautier, Jean-Baptiste Rey, Nathalie Stremler, Davide Caimmi, Margot Devrait, Johan Moreau, Yves Billon, Aurore Blondé, Anne Guillaumot, Sébastien Kiefer, Laura Peretti, Aurélie Tatopoulos, Angélica Tiotiu, Myriam Benhamida, Tiphaine Bihouee, Emmanuel Eschapasse, Adrien Tissot, Marie Giannantonio, Sylvie Leroy, Carole Piccini-Bailly, Johana Pradelli, Jonathan Messika, Véronique Boussaud, Nicolas Carlier, Isabelle Honoré, Dominique Hubert, Reem Kanaan, Céline Bailly-Botuha, Frédérique Chedevergne, Jacques De Blic, Christophe Delacourt, David Drummond, Brigitte Fauroux, Chantal Karila, Muriel Le Bourgeois, Isabelle Sermet, Bertrand Delaisi, Michèle Gerardin, Veronique Houdouin, Laurence Leclainche, Guillaume Aubertin, Laura Berdah, Annick Clement, Harriet Corvol, Nadia Nathan, Blandine Prevost, Nicolas Richard, Aline Tamalet, Jessica Taytard, Guillaume Thouvenin, Barbara Tourniaire, Michel Abely, Katia Bessaci-Kabouya, Sandra Dury, Bruno Ravoninjatovo, Alain Dabadie, Michel Dagorne, Eric Deneuville, Marie Jamin, Mélanie Ribault, Clémentine Vigier, Chantal Belleguic, Graziella Brinchault, Benoit Desrues, Audrey Barzic, Anne Dirou-Prigent, Jean Le Bihan, Krista Revert, Thomas Ropars, Laure Couderc, Stéphane Dominique, Hélène Morisse-Pradier, Stéphanie Pramil, Luc Thiberville, Nathalie Allou, Laurent Enaud, Elsa Gachelin, Eric Huchot, Annabelle Payet, Caroline Perisson, Saguiraly Piyaraly, Sophie Valois, Audrey Herzog, Romain Kessler, Michele Porzio, Laurence Weiss, Laurence Beaumont, Olivier Brugiere, Sylvie Colin, de Verdiere, Elise Cuquemelle, Sandra De Miranda, Adbdul Monem Hamid, François Parquin, Clément Picard, Antoine Roux, Charlotte Roy, François Bremont, Alain Didier, Marion Dupuis, Guillaume Faviez, Géraldine Labouret, Marie Mittaine, Marlène Murris-Espin, Léa Roditis, Laure Cosson, Patrice Diot, Thomas Flament, Charlotte Giraut, Julie Mankikian, Baptiste Arnouat, Gaétane Mousset, Véronique Storni, Philippe Vigneron, Emmanuelle Coirier-Duet, Asma Gabsi, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Lyon, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Fondation ILDYS (ILDYS), Institut du Thorax [Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital Albert Calmette, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), INSERM-TRANSFERT [Paris] (IT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpital Renée Sabran [CHU - HCL], CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Association de lutte contre la Mucoviscidose, EFFI-STAT, URC/CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin, Hôpital Necker, Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Supported by Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Sauver la Vie, Universite Paris Descartes, Filiere Maladies Rares Muco-CFTR, and Legs PascalBonnet., Participating Investigators of the FrenchCystic Fibrosis Reference Network StudyGroup:Claire Andrejak, Arnaud Becourt, JulieMounard, Claire Poulet, Cinthia Rames, MarieTalleux (Amiens), Marie-Chantal Chevalier,Estelle Darviot, Marie Jouvenot, Caroline Marien,Audrey Paris, C ecile Pelatan, Christine Person,Pascaline Priou, Franc ̧oise Troussier, ThierryUrban (Angers-Le Mans), Marie-Laure Dalphin,Jean-Charles Dalphin, Alice Ladaurade, DidierPernet, B en edicte Richaud-Thiriez, PaulineRoux-Claude (Besanc ̧on), Nathalia Blanc,Vincent Boisserie-Lacroix, Stephanie Bui,Cyrielle Collet, St ephane Debelleix, Julie Macey(Bordeaux), Emmanuel Bergot, JacquesBrouard, Karine Campbell, Muriel Laurans,Virginie Ribault (Caen), Corinne Borderon,Marie-Christine Heraud, Guillaume Labbe,SylvieMontcouquiol, Isabelle Petit, Marc Ruivard(Clermont-Ferrand), C eline Delestrain, BenoitDouvry, Ralph Epaud, Bernard Maitre, NataschaRemus (Cr eteil), Guillaume Beltramo, AnnlyseFanton, Anne Houzel, Fr ed eric Huet, St ephaniePerez (Dijon), AmaleBoldron-Ghaddar, ManuelaScalbert (Dunkerque), Rabah Bouzioukh,Laurent Mely, Charles Simon (Giens), BoubouCamara, R ebecca Hamidfar, Catherine Llerena,Isabelle Pin, S ebastien Quetant (Grenoble), Antoine Deschildre, Alice Gicquello, Olivier LeRouzic, Clara Leroy, Nicolas Paris, Thierry Perez,Anne Prevotat, Caroline Thumerelle, DominiqueTurck, Nathalie Wizla (Lille), Magali Dupuy-Grasset, Jane Languepin, Alexandra Masson-Rouchaud, C eline Menetrey (Limoges), IsabelleDurieu, St ephane Durupt, Sophie L’Excellent,Raphaele Nove-Josserand, Camille Ohlmann,Phillipe Reix, Quitterie Reynaud, Marie-ChristineWerck-Gallois (Lyon), M elissandre Baravalle,B erang ere Coltey, Nadine Desmazes-Dufeu,Jean-Christophe Dubus, Clarisse Gautier, Jean-Baptiste Rey, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert,Nathalie Stremler (Marseille), Davide Caimmi,Rapha€el Chiron, Margot Devrait, Johan Moreau(Montpellier), Yves Billon, Aurore Blond e, AnneGuillaumot, S ebastien Kiefer, Laura Peretti,Aur elie Tatopoulos, Ang elica Tiotiu (Nancy), Myriam Benhamida, Tiphaine Bihouee, IsabelleDanner-Boucher, Emmanuel Eschapasse,Adrien Tissot (Nantes), Marie Giannantonio,Sylvie Leroy, Carole Piccini-Bailly, JohanaPradelli (Nice), Jonathan Messika (Paris, Bichat), V eronique Boussaud, Pierre-R egis Burgel,Nicolas Carlier, Isabelle Honor e, DominiqueHubert, Reem Kanaan, Cl emence Martin (Paris,Cochin), C eline Bailly-Botuha, Fr ed eriqueChedevergne, Jacques De Blic, ChristopheDelacourt, David Drummond, Brigitte Fauroux,Chantal Karila, Muriel Le Bourgeois, IsabelleSermet (Paris, Necker), Bertrand Delaisi,Mich ele Gerardin, Veronique Houdouin,Laurence Leclainche (Paris, Robert Debr e), Guillaume Aubertin, Laura Berdah, AnnickClement, Harriet Corvol, Nadia Nathan, BlandinePrevost, Nicolas Richard, Aline Tamalet, JessicaTaytard, Guillaume Thouvenin, BarbaraTourniaire (Paris, Trousseau), Michel Abely,Katia Bessaci-Kabouya, Sandra Dury, BrunoRavoninjatovo (Reims), Alain Dabadie, MichelDagorne, Eric Deneuville, Marie Jamin, M elanieRibault, Cl ementine Vigier (Rennes – SaintBrieuc), Chantal Belleguic, Graziella Brinchault,Benoit Desrues (Rennes), Audrey Barzic, AnneDirou-Prigent, Jean Le Bihan, Sophie Ramel,Krista Revert, Thomas Ropars (Roscoff), LaureCouderc, St ephane Dominique, ChristopheMarguet, H el ene Morisse-Pradier, St ephaniePramil, Luc Thiberville (Rouen), Nathalie Allou,Laurent Enaud, Elsa Gachelin, Eric Huchot,Annabelle Payet, Caroline Perisson, SaguiralyPiyaraly, Sophie Valois (La R eunion), AudreyHerzog, Romain Kessler, Michele Porzio,Laurence Weiss (Strasbourg), LaurenceBeaumont, Olivier Brugiere, Sylvie Colin deVerdiere, Elise Cuquemelle, Sandra De Miranda,Dominique Grenet, Adbdul Monem Hamid,Franc ̧ois Parquin, Cl ementPicard, Antoine Roux,Charlotte Roy (Suresnes), Franc ̧ois Bremont,Alain Didier, Marion Dupuis, Guillaume Faviez,G eraldine Labouret, Marie Mittaine, Marl eneMurris-Espin, L ea Roditis (Toulouse), LaureCosson, Patrice Diot, Thomas Flament, CharlotteGiraut, JulieMankikian(Tours), Baptiste Arnouat,Ga etane Mousset, V eronique Storni, PhilippeVigneron (Vannes-Lorient), and Emmanuelle Coirier-Duet, and Asma Gabsi (Versailles)

Subjects
Lung Diseases, Male, elexacaftor, Indoles, Cystic Fibrosis, Pyridines, medicine.medical_treatment, Regulator, Aminophenols, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Cystic fibrosis, Gastroenterology, Membrane Potentials, Ivacaftor, 0302 clinical medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chloride Channel Agonists, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Transmembrane protein, Drug Combinations, Quinolines, Female, France, medicine.drug, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, Adolescent, Pulmonary disease, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, lung transplantation, medicine, Humans, Lung transplantation, In patient, Aged, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, business.industry, Editorials, medicine.disease, 030228 respiratory system, Tezacaftor, Pyrazoles, business
Abstract

International audience; Rationale: Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is a CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) modulator combination, developed for patients with CF with at least one Phe508del mutation. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of elexacaftor-tezacaftor- ivacaftor in patients with CF and advanced respiratory disease. Methods: A prospective observational study, including all patients aged ⩾12 years and with a percent-predicted FEV1 (ppFEV1)

Published
2021

39. Regulation du travail et de l'emploi a l'ere numerique: Introduction

Author

Lévesque, Christian, Fairbrother, Peter, and Roby, Nicolas

Subjects
Walmart Inc. -- Forecasts and trends -- Laws, regulations and rules, Discount stores -- Forecasts and trends, Government regulation, Market trend/market analysis, Business, general, Business, Economics, Human resources and labor relations, European Union. Joint Research Centre
Abstract

Digitalization and Regulation of Work and Employment: Introduction Ce numéro thématique cherche à comprendre comment le numérique est venu perturber et réorganiser la régulation du travail et de l'emploi et [...]

Published
2020

40. Information Security in Libraries: Examining the Effects of Knowledge Transfer

Author

Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia San and Burkhard, Richard J.

Subjects
Public libraries -- Research -- Safety and security measures, Cyberterrorism, Risk management, Technology, Education, Management techniques, Business, Library and information science
Abstract

Libraries in the United States handle sensitive patron information, including personally identifiable information and circulation records. With libraries providing services to millions of patrons across the U.S., it is important that they understand the importance of patron privacy and how to protect it. This study investigates how knowledge transferred within an online cybersecurity education affects library employee information security practices. The results of this study suggest that knowledge transfer does have a positive effect on library employee information security and risk management practices., INTRODUCTION Libraries across the U.S. provide a wide range of services and resources to society. Libraries of all types are viewed as important parts of their communities, offering a place [...]

Published
2019
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41. Ensuring Capacity Adequacy in Liberalised Electricity Markets

Author

Astier, Nicolas and Lambin, Xavier

Subjects
Investment analysis -- Prices and rates, Company pricing policy, Business, Economics, Petroleum, energy and mining industries, European Union. European Commission
Abstract

This paper studies wholesale electricity markets where an exogenous price cap is enforced, compromising both short- and long-term incentives. To guarantee capacity adequacy, policy-makers may provide support for generation through a capacity remuneration mechanism (CRM) and/or encourage demand response (DR). Such mechanisms are formalised within a common simple analytical framework, clarifying how these mechanisms relate to each other. We then divide them into two categories, depending on whether their implementation requires transactions to be made based explicitly on spot prices higher than the price cap. While mechanisms that keep implicit these high marginal costs are likely to be preferred from a political perspective, they also appear to be less efficient. If they are to be implemented nonetheless, we suggest that the price cap should be set higher than the marginal cost of the most expensive plant, and highlight that challenges for demand-response integration in CRMs remain. Keywords: Liberalised electricity markets, Capacity adequacy, Capacity remuneration mechanisms, Demand response, Electricity market design, 1. INTRODUCTION Wholesale electricity markets have now been liberalised for many years in numerous countries. However, many observers still raise doubts regarding the ability of decentralised market decisions to achieve [...]

Published
2019
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42. Risk-Averse Selfish Routing

Author

Lianeas, Thanasis, Nikolova, Evdokia, and Stier-Moses, Nicolas E.

Subjects
Functional equations -- Research, Functions -- Research, Learning models (Stochastic processes) -- Research, Neural networks -- Models, Mathematical research, Neural network, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Mathematics
Abstract

We consider a nonatomic selfish routing model with independent stochastic travel times for each edge, represented by mean and variance latency functions that depend on edge flows. This model can apply to traffic in the Internet or in a road network. Variability negatively impacts packets or drivers by introducing jitter in transmission delays, which lowers quality of streaming audio or video, or by making it more difficult to predict the arrival time at destination. At equilibrium, agents may select paths that do not minimize the expected latency so as to obtain lower variability. A social planner, who is likely to be more risk neutral than agents because it operates at a longer time scale, quantifies social cost with the total expected delay along routes. From that perspective, agents may make suboptimal decisions that degrade long-term quality. We define the price of risk aversion (PRA) as the worst-case ratio of the social cost at a risk-averse Wardrop equilibrium to that where agents are risk neutral. This inefficiency metric captures the degradation of system performance caused by variability and risk aversion. For networks with general delay functions and a single source--sink pair, we first show upper bounds for the PRA that depend linearly on the agents' risk tolerance and on the degree of variability present in the network. We call these bounds structural, as they depend on the structure of the network. To get this result, we rely on a combinatorial proof that employs alternating paths that are reminiscent of those used in max-flow algorithms. For series-parallel graphs, the PRA becomes independent of the network topology and its size. Next, we provide tight and asymptotically tight lower bounds on the PRA by showing a family of structural lower bounds, which grow linearly with the number of nodes in the graph and players' risk aversion. These are tight for graph sizes that are powers of 2. After that, by focusing on restricting the set of allowable mean latency and variance functions, we derive functional bounds on the PRA that are asymptotically tight and depend on the allowed latency functions but not on the topology. The functional bounds match the price-of-anarchy bounds for congestion games multiplied by an extra factor that accounts for risk aversion. Finally, we turn to the mean-standard deviation user objective--a much more complex model of risk aversion because the cost of a path is nonadditive over edge costs--and provide tight bounds for instances that admit alternating paths with one or two forward subpaths. Funding: Part of this work was done while the first two authors were visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at Berkeley and the third author had a faculty position at Universidad Torcuato Di Telia in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This research was supported by National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-1216103, CCF-1350823, and CCF-1331863], National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CON1CET), Argentina [Grant PIP 112-201201-00450CO], and Agenda Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Argentina [Grant PICT-2012-1324]. Keywords: stochastic Wardrop game * risk aversion * price of anarchy, 1. Introduction A central question in decision making is how to make good decisions under uncertainty, particularly when decision makers are risk averse. Applications of crucial national importance, including alleviating [...]

Published
2019
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43. Truth Telling Under Oath

Author

Jacquemet, Nicolas, Luchini, Stephane, Rosaz, Julie, and Shogren, Jason F.

Subjects
Executives -- Social aspects -- Management, Oaths -- Analysis, Company business management, Business, general, Business
Abstract

Abstract. Oath taking for senior executives has been promoted as a means to enhance honesty within and toward organizations. Herein we explore whether people who voluntarily sign a solemn truth-telling [...]

Published
2019
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44. Application Level Security in a Public Library: A Case Study

Author

Thomchick, Richard and Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia San

Subjects
Public libraries -- Case studies, Confidential communications -- Case studies, Internet -- Case studies, Web applications -- Case studies, Privacy -- Case studies, Hypertext, Intelligence gathering, Technology, Internet, Privacy issue, Business, Library and information science, Electronic Frontier Foundation
Abstract

ABSTRACT Libraries have historically made great efforts to ensure the confidentiality of patron personally identifiable information (PI1), but the rapid, widespread adoption of information technology and the internet have given [...]

Published
2018
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45. On the Complexity of Robust PCA and [l.sub.1]-Norm Low-Rank Matrix Approximation

Author

Gillis, Nicolas and Vavasis, Stephen A.

Subjects
Approximation theory -- Research, Principal components analysis -- Methods, Matrix decomposition -- Research, Mathematical research, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Mathematics
Abstract

The low-rank matrix approximation problem with respect to the componentwise [l.sub.1]-norm ([l.sub.1]-LRA), which is closely related to robust principal component analysis (PCA), has become a very popular tool in data mining and machine learning. Robust PCA aims to recover a low-rank matrix that was perturbed with sparse noise, with applications for example in foreground-background video separation. Although [l.sub.1]-LRA is strongly believed to be NP-hard, there is, to our knowledge, no formal proof of this fact. In this paper, we prove that [l.sub.1]-LRA is NP-hard, already in the rank-one case, using a reduction from MAX CUT. Our derivations draw interesting connections between [l.sub.1]-LRA and several other well-known problems, i.e., robust PCA, [l.sub.0]-LRA, binary matrix factorization, a particular densest bipartite subgraph problem, the computation of the cut norm of {-1,+1} matrices, and the discrete basis problem, all of which we prove to be NP-hard. Funding: The first author acknowledges the support by the F.R.S.-FNRS (incentive grant for scientific research no F.4501.16) and by the ERC (starting grant no 679515). The second author's work is supported in part by a Discovery Grant from NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council) of Canada and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Keywords: robust PCA * low-rank matrix approximations * binary matrix factorization * cut norm * computational complexity, 1. Introduction Low-rank matrix approximation is a key problem in data analysis and machine learning. It is equivalent to linear dimensionality reduction that approximates a set of data points via [...]

Published
2018
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46. Whole-body MR imaging in suspected physical child abuse: comparison with skeletal survey and bone scintigraphy findings from the PEDIMA prospective multicentre study

Author

Proisy, Maïa, Vivier, Pierre-Hugues, Morel, Baptiste, Bruneau, Bertrand, Sembely-Taveau, Catherine, Vacheresse, Solène, Devillers, Anne, Lecloirec, Joseph, Bodet-Milin, Caroline, Dubois, Marine, Hamonic, Stéphanie, Bajeux, Emma, Ganivet, Anne, Adamsbaum, Catherine, Treguier, Catherine, Abalea, Lydie, Croly-Labourdette, Séverine, Dam Hieu, Phong, Dobrzynski, Murielle, Fenoll, Bertrand, Forlodou, Pierre, Le Bot, Christiane, Lefranc, Jérémie, Lesoeur, Mélanie, Mériot, Philippe, Peudenier, Sylviane, Querello, Solène, Salaun, Pierre Yves, Olivier, Pierre, Martrille, Laurent, Borsa-Dorion, Anne, Galloy, Marie-Agnès, Mainard-Simard, Laurence, Raffo, Emmanuel, Cavare-Vigneron, Sylvie, Claudon, Michel, Klein, Olivier, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, Le Tacon, Serge, Morel, Olivier, Lapp, Lucie, Bodere-Kraeber, Françoise, Milin, Caroline, Fleury, Juliette, Geffroy, Loïc, Hamel, Sophie, Lefrancois, Thomas, Longis, Marie-Pierre, Mayrargue, Emmanuelle, Picherot, Georges, Quéré, Marie-Pierre, Rozé, Jean-Christophe, Vabres, Nathalie, Bouvet, Renaud, Le Gueut, Mariannick, Riffaud, Laurent, Balençon, Martine, Bétrémieux, Pierre, Chapuis, Madeleine, Chasle, Véronique, Dabadie, Alain, Damaj, Léna, Darnault, Pierre, de La Brière, François, Delahaye, Séverine, Duvauferrier, Regis, Farges, Céline, Fraisse, Bernard, Gaillot, Théophile, Gardin, Maryse, Gauvrit, Cécile, Guitteny, Marie-Aline, Marleix, Sylvette, Napuri, Silvia, Roussey, Michel, Rozel, Céline, Tirel, Olivier, Vignaud, Catherine, Violas, Philippe, Wodey, Eric, Pierre, Marion, Pladys, Patrick, Abu-Amara, Saad, Bachy, Bruno, Brasseur-Daudruy, Marie, Dacher, Jean-Nicolas, Delmon, Pascal, Lechevallier-Amara, Joël, Lerebours, Bénédicte, Leroux, Julien, Proust, Francois, Rigal, Sophie, Baulieu, Jean-Louis, Venel, Yann, Elodie, Carpentier, Chantepie, Alain, Chantreuil, Julie, Come, Mathieu, de Courtivron, Benoit, Labarthe, François, Marot, Yves, Pepin-Donat, Myriam, Sirinelli, Dominique, Travers, Nadine, Urvois-Grange, Annie, O'Byrne, Patrick, Listrat, Antoine, Barge-Galern, Marie-Luce, Le Cloirec, Joseph, Vera, Pierre, Kone-Paut, I., Deiva, Kumaran, Chaumet-Riffaud, Philippe, Grimon, Gilles, Archambaud, Frederique, Zenkhri, Ferielle, Galeotti, Caroline, Sevette-Béchard, Nancy, Prodhomme, Olivier, Leconte, Céline, Haquet, Armelle, Bourdon, Aurélie, Sainmont, Mélanie, De-Pontual, Loic, Sellier, Nicolas, Trieu, Thanh-Van, de Labriolle-Vaylet, Claire, Département de Radiologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Département de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Service de médecine nucléaire [Rouen], CRLCC Haute Normandie-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Département de Radiologie [AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), PEDIMA study research group: Lydie Abalea, Séverine Croly-Labourdette, Phong Dam Hieu, Murielle Dobrzynski, Bertrand Fenoll, Pierre Forlodou, Christiane Le Bot, Jérémie Lefranc, Mélanie Lesoeur, Philippe Meriot, Sylviane Peudenier, Solène Querello, Pierre-Yves Salaun, Pierre Olivier, Laurent Martrille, Anne Borsa-Dorion, Marie-Agnès Galloy, Laurence Mainard-Simard, Emmanuel Raffo, Sylvie Cavare-Vigneron, Michel Claudon, Olivier Klein, Emmanuelle Schmitt, Serge Le Tacon, Olivier Morel, Lucie Lapp, Françoise Bodéré-Kraeber, Caroline Milin, Juliette Fleury, Loïc Geffroy, Sophie Hamel, Antoine Hamel, Thomas Lefrançois, Marie-Pierre Longis, Emmanuelle Mayrargue, Georges Picherot, Marie-Pierre Quéré, Jean-Christophe Rozé, Nathalie Vabres, Renaud Bouvet, Mariannick Le Gueut, Laurent Riffaud, Martine Balençon, Pierre Bétrémieux, Madeleine Chapuis, Véronique Chasle, Alain Dabadie, Léna Damaj, Pierre Darnault, François De La Brière, Séverine Delahaye, Régis Duvauferrier, Céline Farges, Bernard Fraisse, Théophile Gaillot, Maryse Gardin, Cécile Gauvrit, Marie-Aline Guitteny, Sylvette Marleix, Silvia Napuri, Michel Roussey, Céline Rozel, Olivier Tirel, Catherine Tréguier, Catherine Vignaud, Philippe Violas, Eric Wodey, Marion Pierre, Patrick Pladys, Saad Abu-Amara, Bruno Bachy, Marie Brasseur-Daudruy, Jean-Nicolas Dacher, Pascal Delmon, Joël Lechevallier Amara, Bénédicte Lerebours, Julien Leroux, François Proust, Sophie Rigal, Pierre-Hugues Vivier, Jean-Louis Baulieu, Yann Venel, Elodie Carpentier, Alain Chantepie, Julie Chantreuil, Mathieu Come, Benoît De Courtivron, François Labarthe, Yves Marot, Myriam Pepin Donat, Dominique Sirinelli, Nadine Travers, Annie Urvois-Grangé, Patrick O'Byrne, Antoine Listrat, Marie-Luce Barge-Galerne, Joseph Le Cloirec, Pierre Vera, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Kumaran Deiva, Philippe Chaumet-Riffaud, Gilles Grimon, Frédérique Archambaud, Ferielle Zenkhri, Caroline Galeotti, Nancy Sevette Béchard, Olivier Prodhomme, Céline Leconte, Armelle Haquet, Aurélie Bourdon, Mélanie Sainmont, Loïc De Pontual, Nicolas Sellier, Thanh-Van Trieu, Claire De Labriolle-Vaylet., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and DACHER, Jean Nicolas

Subjects
Child abuse, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Skeletal survey, [SDV.IB.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.IB.MN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Whole Body Imaging, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child Abuse, Prospective Studies, Child, Radionuclide Imaging, Neuroradiology, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Infant, Interventional radiology, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Occult, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Physical Abuse, Bone scintigraphy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: To assess the contribution of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) and bone scintigraphy (BS) in addition to skeletal survey (SS) in detecting traumatic bone lesions and soft-tissue injuries in suspected child abuse.Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study, children less than 3 years of age with suspected physical abuse were recruited. Each child underwent SS, BS and WBMRI. A blinded first review was performed in consensus by five paediatric radiologists and three nuclear medicine physicians. A second review investigated discrepancies reported between the modalities using a consensus result of all modalities as the reference standard. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and corresponding 95% confidence interval for each imaging modality (SS, WBMRI and BS) and for the combinations [SS + WBMRI] and [SS + BS].Results: One hundred seventy children were included of which sixty-four had at least one lesion. In total, 146 lesions were included. The sensitivity and specificity of each examination were, respectively, as follows: 88.4% [95% CI, 82.0-93.1] and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.5-99.8] for the SS, 69.9% [95% CI, 61.7-77.2] and 99.5% [95% CI, 99.2-99.7] for WBMRI and 54.8% [95% CI, 46.4-63.0] and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.5-99.9] for BS. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 95.9% [95% CI, 91.3-98.5] and 99.2% [95% CI, 98.9-99.4] for the combination SS + WBMRI and 95.2% [95% CI, 90.4-98.1] and 99.4% [95% CI, 99.2-99.6] for the combination SS + BS, with no statistically significant difference between them.Conclusion: SS was the most sensitive independent imaging modality; however, the additional combination of either WBMRI or BS examinations offered an increased accuracy.Key points: • SS in suspected infant abuse was the most sensitive independent imaging modality in this study, especially for detecting metaphyseal and rib lesions, and remains essential for evaluation. • The combination of either SS + BS or SS + WBMRI provides greater accuracy in diagnosing occult and equivocal bone injuries in the difficult setting of child abuse. • WBMRI is a free-radiation technique that allows additional diagnosis of soft-tissue and visceral injuries.

Published
2021

47. Decreasing trends in reintervention and readmission after endovascular aneurysm repair in a multiregional implant registry

Author

Jeffrey H. Hsu, Robert W. Chang, Jessica Harris, Nicolas Nelken, Homayon Hajarizadeh, Sidney T. Le, Heather A. Prentice, and Thomas F. Rehring

Subjects
Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Endoleak, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Endovascular Procedures, Endovascular aneurysm repair, Patient Readmission, Surgery, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, Treatment Outcome, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Implant, Registries, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

As endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) matures into its third decade, measures such as long-term reintervention and readmission have become a focus of quality improvement efforts. Within a large United States integrated health care system, we describe time trends in the rates of long-term reinterventions utilization measures.Data from a United States multiregional EVAR registry was used to perform a descriptive study of 3891 adults who underwent conventional infrarenal EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm between 2010 and 2019. Three-year follow-up was 96.7%. Outcomes included 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft revision (defined as a procedure involving placement of a new endograft component), secondary interventions (defined as a procedure necessary for maintenance of EVAR integrity [eg, coil embolization and balloon angioplasty/stenting]), conversion to open, interventions for type II endoleaks alone, and 90-day readmission. Crude cause-specific reintervention probabilities were calculated by operative year using the Aalen-Johansen estimator, with death as a competing risk and December 31, 2020 as the study end date.Excluding interventions for type II endoleak alone, 1-year secondary intervention incidence decreased from 5.9% for EVARs in 2010 to 2.0% in 2019 (P .001) and 3-year incidence decreased from 7.2% to 3.6% from 2010 to 2017 (P = .03). The 3-year incidences of graft revision (mean incidence, 3.4%) and conversion to open remained fairly stable (mean incidence, 0.6%) over time. The 3-year incidence of interventions for type II endoleak alone also decreased from 3.4% in 2010 to 0.7% in 2017 (P = .01). Ninety-day readmission rates decreased from 19.3% for index EVAR in 2010 to 9.2% in 2019 (P = .03).Comprehensive data from a multiregional health care system demonstrates decreasing long-term secondary intervention and readmission rates over time in patients undergoing EVAR. These trends are not explained by evolving management of type II endoleaks and suggest improving graft durability, patient selection, or surgical technique. Further study is needed to define implant and anatomic predictors of different types of long-term reintervention.

Published
2022

48. Debt, trafficking and safe migration: The brokered mobility of Vietnamese sex workers to Singapore

Author

Nicolas Lainez

Subjects
Materiality (auditing), Labour economics, Sociology and Political Science, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Vietnamese, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, language.human_language, Circular migration, Debt, Economic anthropology, language, Business, Obligation, 050703 geography, Sex work, media_common
Abstract

In popular thinking, debt evokes notions of vulnerability and bondage, while irregular migration for sex work conjures up the hazards of human trafficking and modern slavery 1 . These perceptions inform ‘safe migration’ policies aimed at ordering and regulating migration and combating informality to increase migrants’ safety and well-being; the assumption being that illegality puts migrants at risk of abuse. This article challenges these assumptions with an ethnographic study of brokerage practices in the quasi-family networks that facilitate the irregular and circular migration of Vietnamese sex workers to Singapore. In these networks, brokers sell a migration package on credit to their clients, the migrant sex workers, who repay it through sexual labour. This package includes all the services necessary for the women to migrate temporarily and work safely in Singapore. Most crucially, it serves as an entree into the broker’s business and social network, as a way of forming an enduring relationship. Without denying the power of debt to create inequality, obligation and exploitation, this article shows that debt can also be a profitable, non-coercive and reciprocal device for brokers and sex workers alike, a vector of ‘safety’ which limits some of the risks they encounter in a repressive and uncertain host environment. This finding stems from a novel framework in economic anthropology, the ‘socio-economy of debt’ (Guerin, 2018), which complicates moral views of debt through an empirical examination of the materiality, power dynamics and social and moral meanings of debt arrangements and relationships.

Published
2022

49. Improving Object Detection Performance Using Scene Contextual Constraints

Author

Nicolas Pugeault and Faisal Alamri

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Detector, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Object detection, Artificial Intelligence, Bounding overwatch, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Leverage (statistics), Detection performance, Contextual information, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, Categorical variable, computer, Software, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Contextual information, such as the co-occurrence of objects and the spatial and relative size among objects, provides rich and complex information about digital scenes. It also plays an important role in improving object detection and determining out-of-context objects. In this work, we present contextual models that leverage contextual information (16 contextual relationships are applied in this paper) to enhance the performance of two of the state-of-the-art object detectors (i.e., Faster RCNN and YOLO), which are applied as a post-processing process for most of the existing detectors, especially for refining the confidences and associated categorical labels, without refining bounding boxes. We experimentally demonstrate that our models lead to enhancement in detection performance using the most common dataset used in this field (MSCOCO), where in some experiments PASCAL2012 is also used.We also show that iterating the process of applying our contextual models also enhances the detection performance further.

Published
2022

50. Comparison of the acquisition accuracy and digitizing noise of 9 intraoral and extraoral scanners: An objective method

Author

Bernardin Mawussi, Laurent Tapie, Lucien Dupagne, and Nicolas Lebon

Subjects
Protocol (science), Intraoral scanner, Scanner, Dental Impression Technique, Computer science, business.industry, Anova test, Objective method, 030206 dentistry, Models, Dental, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Computer-Aided Design, Computer vision, Objective evaluation, Noise (video), Artificial intelligence, Oral Surgery, Gauge block, business, Tooth
Abstract

The quality of the digital cast obtained from an intraoral scanner is an important comparison parameter for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorations. However, data on cast quality are typically provided by manufacturers, and objective evaluation of these devices is lacking.The purpose of this in vitro study was to build an evaluation protocol of 8 intraoral scanners by using an objective method for a small-scale model equivalent in size to a 4-tooth wide cast. In addition, a laboratory scanner was included to compare the performance of intraoral and extraoral devices.An 8-mm-thick zirconia gauge block was scanned 10 times with a laboratory scanner (Iscan D104) and 8 intraoral scanners (Omnicam, Primescan, Itero element 5D, CS 3600, TRIOS 3, Emerald, Planscan, and Medit i500). The obtained digital casts were extracted as standard tessellation language (STL) files and analyzed to evaluate the digitizing noise, dimensional trueness, and dimensional precision of each scanner. After validation of the normal distribution of the digitizing noise, dimensional trueness, and precision test results for each scanner with the Shapiro-Wilk test (α=.05), differences were determined with a 1-way ANOVA test.Statistical differences were found between scanners (P.05). The digitizing noise ranged from 3.2 ±0.6 μm with the Primescan to 15.5 ±2.5 μm with the Planscan. The dimensional trueness ranged from 19.1 ±11.5 μm for the CS3600 to 243.8 ±33.6 μm for the Planscan. The dimensional precision ranged from 7.7 ±2.4 μm for the Primescan to 53.7 ±3.4 μm for the Emerald. The group Iscan D104, Primescan, Itero 5D, CS3600, and TRIOS 3 showed minimally significant differences.Significant differences were found among the intraoral scanners for small-scale scans. The objective methodology of using a gauge block provided coherent and repeatable results.

Published
2022

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