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Subject. This article considers the activities of international environmental and other non-profit organizations, in the context of continuing economic integration of countries. Their humanitarian reputation, potential, and pervasiveness are increasingly being used by the West in unfair competition in the markets for natural resource extraction and territory development. Objectives. The aim is to identify and assess possible threats to the economic security of the State, associated with the activities of environmental and other non-profit organizations in its territory. Methods. The study employs the dialectical method, systems approach, and tabular interpretation of empirical and factual information. In view of little knowledge of the problem in economic science, for our empirical reasoning and hypotheses, we perform the analysis of resonant examples of the influence of international organizations on economic processes in the State. Results. We examined negative aspects of activities of environmental organizations, potentially posing a threat to the economic security of the State. We analyzed examples that confirm the illegal actions of such movements, predicted their possible consequences, assessed resonant situations associated with the functioning of Greenpeace, WWF, and attempts to establish external control over political, social, and economic projects of the State. Conclusions. International non-profit organizations have a direct impact on government processes in the Russian Federation. It is important to establish and develop national environmental structures, implement awareness-raising activities, and support domestic science.

In this article, we propose detecting hidden elements in docx documents. Using the feature of the format structure, we analyze the most profitable stegocontainer. It is proposed to consider three options for investing in a stegocontainer in order to obtain the most objective estimates of the deviation. A comprehensive assessment is carried out from the tested data on the basis of which it was proposed to detect hidden elements in Microsoft Word documents.

Annotation. The formation of non-standard thinking and holistic vision in higher education students is achieved through the use of interdisciplinary integration of basic subjects with elective courses as more professionally oriented. The aim of the work is to optimize the teaching of a new course “Pharmaceutical aspects of substance abuse and drug addiction” (“PASAandDA”), which is offered to students of the 3rd year of the Faculty of Pharmacy and is a generalization for previous basic and additional disciplines of biological direction with modern information and communication technologies. The following methods were used: sociological survey, statistical processing of the obtained results, analysis of scientific sources on the subject of work. The survey was conducted twice anonymously on a self-developed questionnaire, which was developed according to the methodology of the Center for Applied Research, in Microsoft Forms Office 365. Generalization and processing of research materials in observation groups were conducted using statistical and comparative methods according to each category. The survey involved 123 people (43 men, 80 women), divided into two groups: students of the 3rd year of the Faculty of Pharmacy, who studied “PASAandDA” (observation group – 39 people) and people from their circle of friends who were not familiar with this course (control – 84 people). All obtained data were statistically processed using built-in modules Microsoft Forms and software package “Microsoft Office Excel” taking into account the Student’s parametric t-test to assess the obtained statistical significance of intergroup differences. The following results were obtained: the question, which was formulated in such a way that based on the answers, it was possible to obtain the numerical value of worldviews on the socialization of addicted to psychoactive drugs (PD), 21% of respondents who studied the discipline (reliability m= ±6.52), and from the number of respondents who did not study “PASAandDA” – 38% (m= ±5.3), p

Aim. To develop a method for predicting the development of complications in rhinosinusitis patients based on the cytokine profile study. Methods. We examined 110 patients with rhinosinusitis and 30 healthy donors (control group). The patients were divided into the group without a complicated course of rhinosinusitis (first group, n=65) and the group with a complicated course of rhinosinusitis (second group, n=45). The blood serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, interferon (IFN)- were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Statistica 12.0 software. Statistically significant differences between the compared groups were determined by using the MannWhitney U-test, and p 0.05 was considered significant. Multivariate analysis included correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The mathematical model consistency was determined by using Fisher's F-test, and p 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Changes in cytokine profile manifested by a decrease in the level of interleukin-1 (p=0.00001), interleukin-4 (p=0.045) and an increase in the level of interleukin-18 (p=0.00001) were revealed in patients with uncomplicated course of rhinosinusitis. The complicated course of rhinosinusitis was characterized by a decrease in the level of interleukin-1 (p=0.00002), interleukin-4 (p=0.049) and an increase in the level of interleukin-8 (p=0.023), interleukin-17 (p=0.00015) and interleukin-18 (p=0.0002). Comparative analysis of the first and the second groups of patients showed an increased level of interleukin-8 (p=0.00001), interleukin-17 (p=0.0001) and reduced levels of interleukin-18 (p=0.00045) in the group of patients with complicated course of rhinosinusitis. Based on interleukin-17, interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 levels, the mathematical model for predicting the development of complications in patients with rhinosinusitis was developed. Conclusion. The complicated course of rhinosinusitis was characterized by decreased levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-4 and increased levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-8 and interleukin-18, indicating a more pronounced inflammatory process; for personalized therapy, an approach based on interleukin-17, interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 levels was developed on which the development of a complicated course in patients with rhinosinusitis can be predicted.

Problem statement. During operation, stationary large-aperture digital antenna arrays (DAA) are affected by climatic factors, including snow and ice cover. This influence inevitably leads to distortion of the amplitude-phase distribution (APD) of the field at the DAA aperture, which makes it necessary to consider and compensate for these factors on the APD of the antenna array field.Objective. Development of a more technically simple and precise method for compensating for APD field distortions at the aperture of a stationary large-aperture DAA caused by the influence of climatic factors of snow and ice cover.Results. The article analyzes the influence of climatic factors of snow and ice on the distortion of the APD field at the DAA aperture. The dependence of the power reduction of the probing signal on the thickness of the snow and ice layer at the aperture is obtained. The correction method of APD field distortions caused by climatic factors’ influence is developed, which is characterized by simplicity of technical implementation and higher accuracy of correction of distortions. A technical realization of the method of correction of distortions of the APD field is proposed.Practical implications. The developed method can be used at the stages of creation and operation of stationary large-aperture DAAs, taking into account the influence of climatic factors of snow and ice cover on the field APD.

Migraine is a common disease in pediatric practice. Its manifestations are extremely diverse in children. Pediatric migraine equivalents are a group of different disorders that are closely related to migraine and are more common in children long before the manifestation of migraine headache. Their verification presents significant difficulties in clinical practice, and this often predetermines the use of inadequate management strategies for these patients. Meanwhile, the diagnosis of and approaches to treating pediatric migraine equivalents have their own characteristics, the knowledge of which can significantly determine quality of life in patients. The paper considers modern ideas about pediatric periodic syndromes and data on their relationship to migraine and discusses the issues of their diagnosis and treatment.

Migraine is the commonest chronic neurological disease. Migraine is one of the five main causes of inability to work and impairments to quality of life. Various noninvasive neuromodulation methods have been found to be effective in different types of migraine in recent years. This articles presents an analysis of clinal studies and analyzes clinical cases demonstrating the efficacy and safety of noninvasive stimulation of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve in migraine.

Currently, the existing system of expert subdivisions in Russia allows officials investigating crimes to effectively use their capabilities in terms of conducting forensic examinations of various classes, genera and types. Despite the current favorable situation in terms of the interaction of employees of investigative and expert departments, often, investigators, interrogators, when appointing forensic examinations, face a number of problems associated with a lack of forensic experts, their heavy workload and, as a result, an increase in the duration of the investigation of crimes. This article discusses alternative options for assigning forensic examinations to non-state expert institutions and private experts. The advantages and disadvantages of organizing the production of forensic examinations outside state expert institutions are highlighted.

Migraine is one of the most common types of headache, which can lead to a significant decrease in quality of life. Researchers identify migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and chronic migraine that substantially reduces the ability of patients to work and is frequently concurrent with mental disorders and drug-induced headache. The complications of migraine include status migrainosus, persistent aura without infarction, migrainous infarction (stroke), and a migraine aura-induced seizure. The diagnosis of migraine is based on complaints, past medical history, objective examination data, and the diagnostic criteria as laid down in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3 rd edition. Add-on trials are recommended only in the presence of red flags, such as the symptoms warning about the secondary nature of headache. Migraine treatment is aimed at reducing the frequency and intensity of attacks and the amount of analgesics taken. It includes three main approaches: behavioral therapy, seizure relief therapy, and preventive therapy. Behavioral therapy focuses on lifestyle modification. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, simple and combined analgesics, triptans, and antiemetic drugs for severe nausea or vomiting are recommended for seizure relief. Preventive therapy which includes antidepressants, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, botulinum toxin type A-hemagglutinin complex and monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptors, is indicated for frequent or severe migraine attacks and for chronic migraine. Pharmacotherapy is recommended to be combined with non-drug methods that involves cognitive behavioral therapy; progressive muscle relaxation; mindfulness; biofeedback; post-isometric relaxation; acupuncture; therapeutic exercises; greater occipital nerve block; non-invasive high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; external stimulation of first trigeminal branch; and electrical stimulation of the occipital nerves (neurostimulation).

The paper deals with the actual problem of managing patients with drug-induced headache (DIH) in patients with primary headaches. It describes a clinical case of extremely severe DIH in a patient with chronic tension headache (TH). The paper analyzes the typical and atypical manifestations of DIH and discusses the role of prolonged stress in the development of TH. Special attention is paid to the problems with therapy and compliance during a long-term follow-up of the patient. Based on the clinical features of pain syndrome in the described patient, the authors suggest for the first time that the use of extremely high number of daily doses of combined narcotic analgesics for many years can result in recurrent DIH statuses. The paper discusses whether it is expedient to introduce the concept “DIH severity” and whether an additional clinical parameter “the number of doses of painkillers per month” can be of informative value, which has not been proposed yet in the literature. All the issues given in the paper are conjectural and are raised by the authors for further investigation of the DIH problem.

Introduction There is evidence in the literature over the past 5 years that pelvic and acetabular fractures are increasing in prevalence with the rise of injuries sustained in road traffic accidents, the growing number and severity of trauma, significant complication rate and unsatisfactory outcomes due to untimely surgical treatment. Objective Review current trends in the selection of surgical approaches and fixation of the pelvis and acetabulum, the postoperative rehabilitation strategies and identify factors for poor outcomes of surgical treatment. Material and methods We performed searches using HAC peer-reviewed and SCOPUS indexed journals, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Сochrane library, еLibrary.ru, Wiley Online Library with search criteria of pelvic fractures, displaced acetabular fractures, open reduction of the pelvis and acetabulum, osteosynthesis, minimally invasive osteosynthesis and primary total hip arthroplasty, approaches and complications of acetabular fracture surgery. Results Indications to surgical treatment of patients with concomitant, multiple and isolated fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum were identified with the use of current strategy and principles of damage control surgery and damage control orthopaedics. Surgical approaches for two-column acetabular fractures have been shown to be extensile and traumatic. Discussion Most authors report use of the active surgical strategy for displaced fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum. Open reduction internal fixation is the standard of care for pelvic and acetabular fractures. Conclusion Postoperative complications and long term rehabilitation of patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures support further research and development of new more effective approaches to address the solution of the challenging issue.

Background. Nutritional support is an important part of the treatment of critically ill patients. However, there are no specific recommendations for patients in a long unconscious state after brain damage to determine their energy needs. Aim. To determine the role of indirect calorimetry in assessing the energy expenditure of patients in prolonged unconsciousness after brain damage. Methods. Prospective cohort study included 81 patients with brain damage who were treated in the intensive care unit. All patients with prolonged unconsciousness had stayed in the intensive care unit for more than 30 days. Mean age of patients was 48.4 16.3 years. Men were predominant (58%). Almost all patients had normal body mass index (BMI) (mean 22.8 6.2 kg/m2). The main cause of brain damage was severe traumatic injury (42%). There were also patients with consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage (35%), stroke (19%) and hypoxic damage (4%). Results. According to indirect calorimetry, mean energy requirements in patients in prolonged unconsciousness was 25.12 8.8 kcal/kg/day (1595.3 560 kcal/day). Variability of this value was high in this sample (10.661.6 kcal/kg/day, 6733514 kcal/day). According to urine nitrogen loss, mean protein requirement was 0.83 0.46 g/kg/day that was lower than the recommended values for critically ill patients. Variability of data obtained by indirect calorimetry was higher than that of the calculated values despite statistically similar energy requirements of patients. Variability of data obtained by Harris-Benedict equation ranged from 15.4 kcal/kg/day (1023 kcal/day) to 37.3 kcal/kg/day (2065 kcal/day). There was no relationship between energy expenditure and causes of brain damage. Moreover, significant correlation between metabolic rate, urine nitrogen loss and outcomes of disease was also absent. Conclusion. Indirect calorimetry alone is not enough to prescribe optimal nutritional support in patients with prolonged unconsciousness if function of the gastrointestinal tract and other factors affecting energy expenditure are not considered.

The interest in alternative energy sources grows rapidly and demands improved materials. The cutting-edge investigations focus attention on the development and optimization of solid electrolytes fo...

The article discusses the scheme of deep utilization of the heat of flue gases. It has been established that in boiler units operating on natural gas, the only way to significantly improve the use of fuel is to deeply cool the combustion products to a temperature at which it is possible to condense the maximum possible portion of the fumes contained in the gases. To analyze the main energy indicators of the condensing unit and optimize its operating modes, a priority scheme was simulated in Aspen Plus. In this scheme, there are tees, heat exchangers and a reactor (boiler furnace). The configuration of tees (mixers) is carried out by setting the costs or fractions of two flows entering or leaving the element. The boiler furnace is modeled as a Gibbs reactor, which calculates the chemical and thermodynamic equilibrium by minimizing the difference in the Gibbs energy of the products and the starting materials. Using the Aspen Plus computer program, the condensation unit circuit was simulated at the PTVM-100 boiler unit with the specification of the optimal operating parameters of material flows and heat exchange equipment. The calculations show that when using a condensing boiler, a triple energy effect is achieved: the physical heat of the flue gases is used; the latent heat of vaporization released during condensation is used; the condensate released from the flue gases is used.

Cervicogenic headache (CH) is a syndrome of referred pain that originates in the neck structure. Despite the apparent simplicity of its determination, there is still no consensus on diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic headache amongst physicians of various specialties. In what cases is headache concurrent with neck pain a consequence of the pathology of the neck region, and in what cases is neck pain a consequence of a migraine attack? The review deals with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy of CH.

To study asthenic symptoms in patients with adjustment disorders and to assess the efficacy of cytoflavin in their treatment.The study included 100 patients, aged 20 to 43 years, with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. Clinical, neurophysiological and parametric methods were used. An asthenic state scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), a digital rating scale (a 10-point variant) and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were administered. Cytoflavin was used in a dose of 2 tab. 2 times a day for 25 days for the treatment of patients from the study group.In the study group, 48.0% of patients had a pronounced degree of asthenia, and 52% had a moderate one. The clinical improvement was achieved in 73.0%. In the subgroup with moderate asthenia, the improvement was recorded in 88.5% of cases, in the subgroup of patients with severe asthenia in 56.3% of patients. There was a significant decrease in the severity of indicators on the scales of general asthenia, decreased activity and mental asthenia; a significant decrease in the integral indicator of mental tension, a significant improvement in the indicator of attention, a decrease in the frequency and intensity of headache. The improvement in the functional state of the brain in the form of a decrease in the power of the alpha rhythm in the anterior cerebral cortex was shown.The results of the study allow us to conclude that the use of cytoflavin is effective in the treatment of adjustment disorders.Изучение астенических симптомов, возникающих на фоне расстройств адаптации с оценкой эффективности применения препарата цитофлавин в терапии таких нарушений.Под наблюдением находилось 100 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 43 лет с диагнозом «расстройство адаптации». В работе использовались клинический, нейрофизиологический и параметрический методы исследования. Применялись шкала астенического состояния, Субъективная шкала оценки астении (MFI-20), цифровая рейтинговая шкала (10-балльный вариант) и индекс влияния головной боли (HIT-6), шкала психологического стресса PSM-25, опросник когнитивной регуляции эмоций (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), психофизиологический тест TOVA (The Test of Variables of Attention) для количественной оценки нарушений внимания и импульсивности. Для лечения пациентов исследуемой группы был использован препарат цитофлавин в дозе по 2 таблетки 2 раза в сутки в течение 25 дней.Согласно полученным данным, в исследуемой группе у 48,0% пациентов регистрировалась выраженная степень астении, а у 52% — умеренная. После курса лечения клиническое улучшение отмечалось у 73,0% пациентов, включенных в исследование. В подгруппе с умеренной степенью астении улучшение регистрировалось в 88,5% случаев, в подгруппе пациентов с астенией выраженной степени — у 56,3% пациентов. Отмечалось достоверное уменьшение выраженности показателей по шкалам общей астении, пониженной активности и психической астении; достоверное снижение интегрального показателя психической напряженности, достоверное улучшение показателя внимания, уменьшение частоты и интенсивности головной боли. После курса цитофлавина отмечено улучшение функционального состояния головного мозга в виде уменьшения мощности альфа-ритма в передних отделах коры больших полушарий. Таким образом, результаты настоящего исследования позволяют сделать вывод об эффективности применения цитофлавина в лечении расстройств адаптации.

The paper presents a case of generalized candidomycosis in a 67-year old woman. Literature data regarding the cases of respiratory mycoses and candida sepsis are summarized. This case is interesting from the point of view of difficulty of differential diagnosis in patients with respiratory mycosis and tuberculosis, choice of adequate treatment.

This study reveals the new method - endoprosthetic Achilles tendon. As a result of the study the optimal implant was created, operational surgery of Achilles tendon endoprosthetics was modified and the recover program was formed. Current method allows to avoid immobilization of the operated limb but to carry out early rehabilitation activities and exercises with intent to restore triceps muscular strength. The remote results in 6 month's after Achilles tendon replacement in 34 patients were excellent, in 46 patients were good and in 1 patient were unsatisfactory.

The authors, on the basis of analysis of growing motorization, particularly at the regional level (using the example of Penza region of the Russian Federation) confirm the urgency of the tasks of preserving life and health of road users, note changes in frequency of accidents of various origin, the positive role of insurance instruments in dealing with the consequences of road traffic accidents.At the same time, fraud in the field of compulsory motor third party liability insurance (MTPL) is one of the most important and urgent issues for insurance companies. One of the most common schemes of fictitious accidents is an attempt to get repair or replacement of existing damage at the expense of the insurer. In this regard, the use of transport trace evidence examinations has become widespread.It is this type of transport expertise that reliably and accurately determines conformity of damage to vehicles to the mechanism and circumstances of a road traffic accident. Trace evidence analysis is always assigned when it comes to currently notorious «staged crash». It is impossible to understand the nature of accidents associated with lane change by vehicles moving along the way without study of trace materials. Particularly many problems arise in a situation where both participants in the accident claim that they were moving without changing the direction of movement, and that was the opponent who made a maneuver of lane change not complying with the requirement of the road traffic rules of the Russian Federation on priorities in traffic movement.As an example, the article presents an expert study of a road traffic accident that raised doubts about reliability of circumstances set out by policyholders.

Technical re-equipment in construction industry tends toward the wide use of cellular concrete. The formulation and advantages of these materials were analyzed. The technological difficulties in their manufacture were mentioned. The most difficult problem is to ensure uniformity by quickly mixing the aerated concrete mixtures of components that differ in composition and mass fraction before the start of active gas formation, gas retention, and especially solidification. These difficulties can be eliminated by using the new technique of vibrojet mixing of both Bingham and Newtonian media. Forced high-frequency vibration actually increases the thixotropy of the mixture regardless of the number of components and their mass and physicomechanical properties. At the same time, monitoring the vibration parameters increases the circulation and interaction of the generated submerged jet flows. Rheological models were developed to determine the technical characteristics of the mixer vibrodrive and the process parameters. Supercomputer modeling of various scenarios of vibrojet mixing in the FlowVision program allowed visualization and optimization of modes to completely exclude stagnant zones in the mixer. In a full-scale experiment, test samples were prepared from the aerated concrete mixtures obtained by centrifuging and vibromixing. Their growth and strength characteristics were compared in accordance with GOST (State Standard) 10180-2012. The results showed that the new method for the preparation of mixtures and products from aerated concrete is highly effective.

A jet-vortex condenser (JVC) used as part of the confinement system (CS) serves for limiting the pressure in sealed rooms to the maximum admissible value for which the civil structures of NPPs equipped with VVER-440 reactors made according to the V-230 and V-179 projects are designed under the loss of coolant accidents' conditions. Fitting the Kola NPP’s first stage equipped with the VVER-440 reactor (made according to the V-230 project) in combination with taking certain other measures opened the possibility to extend the NPP service life. To substantiate the possibility of extending the service life of NPP power units, their safety will be assessed using an analysis model. The article presents the results from such modeling aimed at analyzing the performance of the jet-vortex condenser that is used as part of the confinement system for limiting the pressure in the sealed rooms down to the maximum admissible value for which the VVER-440 reactor-based NPP civil structures are designed with due regard to loss of coolant accidents (LOCA). The jet-vortex condenser operation model incorporated into the KUPOL-M computer code was verified against the experimental data obtained on the test facility installed at the All-Russian Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants Operation (VNIIAES). A comparative analysis has shown that the calculated and experimental data are in fairly good agreement with each other. The KUPOL-M code with the jet-vortex condenser model integrated into it was used for calculating the parameters of medium in the system of sealed rooms in modeling the large break LOCA and small break LOCA conditions for the Kola NPP’s first stage, the distinctive feature of which is that it contains a JVC in the confinement area. The calculation results have confirmed the JVC efficiency under the conditions of a wide range of loss of coolant accidents. At present, the JVC has been put into use in the Kola NPP units 1 and 2, in the Novovoronezh NPP units 3 and 4, and in the Kozloduy NPP units 3 and 4 in Bulgaria.

This article considers the possibility of determining by analytical calculations such indicators of the drag coefficients for lateral removal of the pneumatic tires of the front and rear wheels of a tractor, at which acceptable traction characteristics of the tractor, the required performance of the unit and the provision of a given trajectory movement of the unit will be provided. Developed by Mstislav Keldysh theory of the rolling of a pneumatic wheel gives the most appropriate model of lateral slip. With an unsteady lateral slip, the center of the contact imprint describes a trajectory called the tire rolling line. If there is no slip, the middle line of the tread within the contact area, coincides with the rolling line. So in the vicinity of the center of the site, its absolute speed and angular velocity of this area equals zero. And the curvature of these coincident lines is determined by the lateral and angular deformations of the tire. For the practical implementation of the adopted design models of the tire, it is necessary in the equations to determine the ratio of the curvature coefficients and the magnitude of the slip function. Experimental studies of a tilled unit with a blocked cultivator sample are given.

The theoretical prerequisites for the development of a monitoring system for determining the position movements and inclinations of the human head are discussed in the article. The description of the developed three-point model, which takes into account the structural and motor features of the cervical spine, is given. The choice of reference points for installing sensors has been substantiated. Variants of movement of these sensors are shown for different positions of the human head. The article describes the static and dynamic indicators necessary to assess the movements of the cervical spine. The developed system is described - a hardware and software complex for monitoring the position, movements and tilts of the human head; a structural diagram and used electronic components are presented. Prospects for further development and application of the developed system are considered.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. The increasing activity of the sympathetic nervous system was shown during myocardial infarction (MI). There are data that bio management application increases the vagal influences on a heart rate for patients with chronic coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was the assessment of changes of vegetative regulation of heart rate in patients with MI, receiving along with standard methods of treatment and rehabilitation sessions of cardiorespiratory training (KRT). 48 patients with IM in an early period of disease at the age from 40 till 70 years were surveyed. The main group was created from 29 people by whom KRT (5–10 sessions) was carried out. The assessment of efficiency and safety of KRT was carried out on a clinical picture and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) before, after, and during KRT. The Control group consisted of 19 patients receiving only standard treatment. To exclude hyperventilation syndrome, capnometry was performed before the start of the KRT session to determine the FetCO2 individual norm for the certain patient to control the training process in a particular session. After each active sample, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air exhaled by the patient was measured, and when it decreased below 95% of the initial value, the depth of breathing was adjusted. The use of capnometry in the study avoided adverse events during the sessions. During carrying out of KRT, and after KRT worsening of the clinical picture at patients of the main group was not observed. HRV analysis at patients of the main group showed that after the end of KRT decrease in an index of tension (p Thus, the application of KRT realizing a mode of functional bio management of heart rate, as the instrument of psychophysiological support of standard medicament therapy showed the efficiency of its use in the program of rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction. The result of a comprehensive approach is the reduction of sympathetic and increase of vagal influences on heart rate, normalization of the main indicators of the cardiovascular system.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. The increasing activity of the sympathetic nervous system was shown during myocardial infarction (MI). There are data that bio management application increases the vagal influences on a heart rate for patients with chronic coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was the assessment of changes of vegetative regulation of heart rate in patients with MI, receiving along with standard methods of treatment and rehabilitation sessions of cardiorespiratory training (KRT). 48 patients with IM in an early period of disease at the age from 40 till 70 years were surveyed. The main group was created from 29 people by whom KRT (5–10 sessions) was carried out. The assessment of efficiency and safety of KRT was carried out on a clinical picture and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) before, after, and during KRT. The Control group consisted of 19 patients receiving only standard treatment. To exclude hyperventilation syndrome, capnometry was performed before the start of the KRT session to determine the FetCO2 individual norm for the certain patient to control the training process in a particular session. After each active sample, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air exhaled by the patient was measured, and when it decreased below 95% of the initial value, the depth of breathing was adjusted. The use of capnometry in the study avoided adverse events during the sessions. During carrying out of KRT, and after KRT worsening of the clinical picture at patients of the main group was not observed. HRV analysis at patients of the main group showed that after the end of KRT decrease in an index of tension (p Thus, the application of KRT realizing a mode of functional bio management of heart rate, as the instrument of psychophysiological support of standard medicament therapy showed the efficiency of its use in the program of rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction. The result of a comprehensive approach is the reduction of sympathetic and increase of vagal influences on heart rate, normalization of the main indicators of the cardiovascular system.

A key component of population health status is premature mortality, defined as a death occurring before the age of 75 years...

The article presents the results of comparative study of dispute resolution mechanisms related to the improper provision of medical services. On the basis of consumer model of physician-patient relationship basic options of pretrial and alternative mechanisms of settlements of disputes related to inadequate rendering of paid medical services are considered. On the basis of legal design for consumers and medical personnel the simple and evident statement of possible alternatives of mechanisms of settlement of disputes is presented. Te preferable design is consecutive application of all pretrial and alternative mechanisms of settlement of disputes. In case when there is no desirable result is the final decision is taken by court. It is concluded that the settlement of most disputes (90%) using pretrial and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms will significantly reduce time to resolve conflicts, as well as minimize unfavorable moral and economic consequences for consumers and providers of medical services.

The article discusses the specifics of hollow tracts and the features of their monitoring.

A test bench for the Front-End Electronics (FEE) of the Fast Forward Detector (FFD), which is a part of the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) facility, has been developed. The test bench includes a FEE testing card and two types of pulse generators. The FEE testing card and one signal generator are used for the front-end board parameters check. This procedure includes verification of the channel gain, the pulse shape and width, the FEE working conditions, etc. The second one is Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) generator intended for Signal Processing Module (SPM) testing with special software. This procedure includes checking the SPM signal processing algorithms.

The article explores scanning system for monitoring the electrization of metallized polymer films based on jet- droplet optical measuring systems (JDOMS) for monitoring the electrization of products such as metallized polymer films during their laser perforation. The article shows that the main reason for the electrization of films is the removal of matter by a laser pulse with the formation in the microvolume of the plasma, a gaseous ionizing substance and its partial deposition on the edge of the perforated hole in the absence of contact with the metallization of the film. The JDOMS operating mode with the formation of a monodisperse coherent controlled charged droplet flow and video recording of the trajectory of charged droplets along the centers of perforated holes near the film is described, based on the measurements of which electrization is controlled. The maximum charges of the perforated holes of the film and moving drops are determined. The displacements from their interaction are calculated. The requirements to the means of video recording and processing of the obtained stroboscopic micrographs are determined.

Baroreflex is an important mechanism for controlling arterial blood pressure (BP). The effectiveness of the baroreflex action is very important diagnostic indicator of cardiovascular system regulatory mechanisms. To assess the effectiveness of baroreflex action, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the systemic hemodynamics, and in particular, between the signals of beat-to-beat values of blood pressure and heart rate (HR). The paper proposes an algorithm for the joint analysis of these signals. The purpose of the algorithm is the allocation of signal sections with predominantly in-phase and antiphase relationships. The algorithm is based on the window Fourier transform analysis and window calculation of the correlation coefficient, wherein window width is determined from the standard frequency ranges of the cardiac rhythm. Spectral and spectral-temporal analysis is used for generalized qualitative assessment of the interdependence between the signals of beat-to-beat BP values and heart rate. To test the algorithm, we performed synchronous recording of BP and heart rate for 300 s in healthy subjects under conditions of calm wakefulness with eyes closed. The results of their analysis with proposed algorithm are presented.

In our recent paper [D. P. Kulikova Opt. Express 28(21), 32049 (2020).10.1364/OE.405403], an early version of Fig. 1 was published. This erratum corrects that error.

The high social significance and the development of new methods for the diagnosis and diseases and injuries treatment of the cervical spine necessitate a detailed study of the mechanisms of change and the development of new methods for diagnosing its functional state. The article is devoted to one of the subjects of the Medical Radio Electronics Department (No. 24) of St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI) research work. With the task of developing tools for the comprehensive study of physiology and pathophysiology of the cervical spine by registering muscle and other neuronal surface bioelectric activity of this area. In order to solve this problem, the prototype lay out of the hardware-software complex to study the physiology and pathophysiology of the cervical spine using registration of neuronal and muscle activity was developed.

Background: Premature mortality under the age of 75 years exacerbates the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) as the leading cause of death in the nation, with particular concerns being raised about its disproportionate effect on the vulnerable population of the Appalachian region compared to other regions of the United States. It is unknown whether the problem of premature CAD mortality in the Appalachian residents is further aggravated by disparities across various population groups within the Appalachian region itself. We hypothesized that within-region socioeconomic and geographic (rural-urban) disparities, independently of each other, aggravate the premature CAD mortality problem in the Appalachian population. Methods: A population-based study of age-adjusted premature CAD mortality among 25-74 year old residents of the Appalachian region was conducted (n=63,630,221). Counties’ rurality status was defined using the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service’s (USDA ERS) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes: of 420 Appalachian counties, 217 were classifies as rural and 203 - as urban. To adjust for multiple covariates, general linear modeling (GLM) analysis was conducted (SAS, ver. 9.4). Results: Age-adjusted premature CAD mortality rates were higher in rural than urban Appalachian counties: 99.0 + 40.2 vs. 78.8 + 26.4 per 100,000 (p+ 7.3% vs. 24.4 + 5.7%, p+ 2.0% vs. 6.7 + 1.2%, p+ 3.5% vs. 16.0 + 3.6%, p+ 3.8% vs. 20.2 + 2.9%, p+ 3.8% vs. 32.0 + 3.5%, p+ 4.5% vs. 29.6 + 4.7%, pbeta 3.322, pbeta 0.947, pbeta -0.532, pbeta 2.761, pbeta 0.652, p Conclusions: Premature CAD mortality in rural Appalachian counties is statistically significantly higher than in urban Appalachian counties. Socioeconomic disparities and modifiable CAD risk factors further aggravate the problem.

Objective.To assess the outcomes of the treatment of patients with suppurative necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) without critical ischemia with the use of programmed rehabilitation technologies (PRT).Materialand methods.The study included 82 patients. 40 patients (reference group) underwent conventional rehabilitation, while 42 patients (study group) were treated with PRT with the use of the original equipment AMP-01.Results.Use of PRT has been established to significantly improve the quality of rehabilitation, which helps to reduce the duration of inpatient treatment. The number of suppurative complications in the study group proved to be significantly less (p=0.014), and postoperative mortality was lower. The long-term outcomes of the treatment (number of late suppurative complications, ischemia progression, maintenance of foot support ability) in the study group was also found to be significantly better compared to the reference group.Conclusion.The use of PST promotes the improvement of short-term and long-term outcomes of the treatment of the patients with DFS suppurative necrotic complications.

Objectives. To clarify cognitive impairments in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome (ADHD) and to assess the efficacy of the formulation Memoplant in the treatment of this pathology. Materials and Methods. The results of clinical, psychological, and electroencephalographic studies of 40 patients aged 18–45 years with ADHD are presented. From recruitment into the study, all patients received Memoplant at a daily dose of 240 mg for eight weeks. Results and conclusions. Adult patients with ADHD had both subjective and objective impairments to memory and attention. EEG results suggested that patients showed dysfunction of the frontothalamic regulatory system and deficit of nonspecific activation by the reticular formation. Courses of Memoplant were followed by clinical improvements in 24 patients (60.0%). Repeat psychological and neurophysiological studies demonstrated decreases in attention deficit and improvements in memory measures.

On the basis of an analytical review of scientific and technical information sources dedicated to correction of errors in the gainphase distribution of the field on the aperture of the phased antenna array, such errors been caused by correlation of errors in phase quantization by discrete phase shifters, and also caused by disbursement of their characteristics and by failures in a part of the phased antenna array elements, an unresolved problem has been discovered. It is required to correct the amplitudephase distribution errors caused by deformation of the curtain of the large-aperture stationary phased antenna array and resulting in deviation of the radiating elements from their design parameters. A mathematical apparatus of the field distribution electronic correction is being developed together with an algorithm for controlling the radiation pattern of the phased antenna array. The effectiveness of the proposed method for correcting the array pattern distribution on the aperture of the deformed phased antenna array has been evaluated and an option for technical implementation thereof has been proposed.The relevance and novelty of the work is confirmed by the patent for the invention developed on the basis of the studies performed and by the certificate of state registration of the software, which was based upon in the processing of results of the measurements of the deformations in the curtain of the large-aperture phased antenna array.

Matrices of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are promising multichannel photosensors for scintillation detectors. They can be used to construct tracks of relativistic particles inside detectors. The first detectors based on the direct contact of the SiPM matrices with the surface of the scintillation detector and with the application of Fresnel lenses are developed; promising variants of large detectors for neutrino astrophysics and geophysics are proposed.

In this work, modernized data acquisition systems of the Andyrchi and Carpet-3 shower facilities with automated data preprocessing and data transmission systems to the observatory of the Terskol Branch of the Institute of Astronomy are described. To solve joint problems on searching transient sources, data from the Andyrchi and Carpet facilities are processed and transmitted to the observatory of the Terskol Branch of the Institute of Astronomy in the form of astronomic coordinates for observations with an optical telescope.

A prototype scintillation detector with photosensors based on silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays is described. Such a method of data-taking will make it possible to obtain an image (snapshot) of the event and, thereby, to separate different types of events (particle interactions) in the detector. For this purpose, the characteristics of SiPMs have been studied and a calibration measurement technique developed.

Aim of the study: to assess non-motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with essential tremor (ET), different stages of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and combination of ET and PD (ET-PD). Materials and methods of the research: We examined 82 patients with ET, 20 patients with ET-PD, 283 patients with PD, and 72 neurologically healthy volunteers. The neuropsychological status, intensity of motor symptoms, the grade of vegetative dysfunction and dyssomnia, and quality of life of patients were assessed. Results: Patients with ET showed wide range of nonmotor symptoms. The severity of cognitive impairment in group of patients with ET corresponded with the same severity of patients with early stages of PD. It is interesting that patients with ET showed more severe depression than patients with early stages of PD. The maximum severity of anxiety-depressive disorders was observed in patients with the combination of ET-PD. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that it is usual to consider the ET as a monosymptomatic benign disease, we have found significant non-motor disorders in this group of patients and a significant violation of the quality of life. The results of the study also give evidence that patients with ET-PD represent a special group of patients, characterized by special, both motor and non-motor symptoms. The data we obtained made it possible to form a deeper understanding of the generality of the clinical manifestations of ET, PD and ET-PD, which will make it possible to improve the quality of management of patients with these nosologies in clinical practice.

The technology of functional normalization of the cardiovascular system parameters by means of the alternating biofeedback on cardiac rhythm (cardiorespiratory training) with the use of a turning bed (verticalizer) is described, which allows to implement the oscillatory postural effects of ortho- and antiorthostatic nature automatically. Aim of the study. Increasing of application area of cardiorespiratory training due to the variety of options for biofeedback signals. Methods. The oscillation of the turning bed controlled by means of the parameters of heart rate variability sets for the examinee the order of alternation of the inspiration and expiration phases and the phases of the inspiration/expiration beginning. The method is available to patients with low vision, bedridden patients, early ages children; patients who are not able to understand the essence of the procedure. Results of researches. Positive dynamics of the test subjects’ functional state is, in particular, the normalization of activity of components of the autonomic nervous system; the reinstatement of the natural breathing pattern lost due to various reasons; increasing the variability of the heart rate; the cardiovascular system training due to moderate alternating ortho- and antiorthostatic load, estimated by number of physiological parameters.