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Green innovation is fundamental for the achievement of a "win-win" state between economic growth and environmental protection. Pivotal to maintaining the vitality of green innovation is the effectiveness of government policies. First, this paper develops a theoretical model to capture the structure of a green innovation system, incorporating five subsystems: government, environment, technology, economy, and energy subsystems. It further explores the transmission effects of the five subsystems of green innovation systems between government policy-related actions and green innovation. Second, a causal loop diagram of green innovation is constructed to analyse how government fiscal, tax, financial, technical, and environmental policies influence green innovation through these subsystems and other relevant variables. Third, taking the Chinese manufacturing industry as an example, this work builds a stock and flow model that can more clearly reflect the relationships among all variables in a green innovation system. Then, it calculates the quantitative relationship between different variables in the model. Model effectiveness is verified by historical data and sensitivity analysis. Finally, based on the above work, this study simulates the evolution of the green innovation system in the Chinese manufacturing industry by changing the variables of fiscal, tax, financial, technical, and environmental policies. The results show that different types of policies and differentiated implementation strengths have varied impacts on the green innovation performance of the manufacturing industry. There is a synergistic relationship between different types of policies, implying a higher-level effectiveness of policy orchestration compared to the use of separate policies. This paper generates valuable implications for the government for formulating and optimizing green innovation policies.

Severe pneumonia is a high-mortality disorder in children. The expression and underlying effects of lncRNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) were detected. The relationships between MEG3 and other parameters were reported by Pearson correlation. The prognostic importance of MEG3 was assessed by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve and COX analysis and its diagnostic potential was uncovered by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Luciferase activity assay was performed to demonstrate the target gene of MEG3. Elevated expression of MEG3 and reduced microRNA-29 c (miR-29 c) were evaluated in severe pneumonia children, and a negative relationship between MEG3 and miR-29 c was propounded. MEG3 might function as an independent prognostic indicator. The diagnostic efficiency of MEG3 was also indicated for severe pneumonia children. In MRC-5 cell models and MH-S cell models, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributed to the increased expression of MEG3. Interference of MEG3 restricted the upregulation of MEG3 triggered by LPS. Silenced MEG3 protected MRC-5 and MH-S cells against damages managed by LPS on cell apoptosis, viability, and inflammation. MiR-29 c was a ceRNA of MEG3 and the absence of MEG3 abrogated the decreased expression of miR-29 c caused by LPS. Overall, the increased expression of MEG3 and the reduced levels of miR-29 c were identified in severe pneumonia. Prognostic and diagnostic significances of MEG3 provided a novel perspective for severe pneumonia. Disruption of MEG3 alleviated cell injury and inflammation as characterized by high LPS by binding miR-29 c.

Three high energy particle monitors (HPMs) employed onboard the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Insight-HXMT) can detect the charged particles from South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and hence provide the alert trigger for switch-on/off of the main detectors. Here a typical design of HPM with high stability and reliability is adopted by taking a plastic scintillator coupled with a small photomultiplier tube (PMT). The window threshold of HPM is designed as 1 MeV and 20 MeV for the incident electron and proton, respectively. Before the launch of Insight-HXMT, we performed in details the ground calibration of HPM. The measured energy response and its dependence on temperature are taken as essential input of Geant4 simulation for estimating the HPM count rate given with an incident particle energy spectrum. This serves as a guidance for choosing a reasonable working range of the PMT high voltage once the real SAA count rate is measured by HPM in orbit. So far the three HPMs have been working in orbit for more than two years. Apart from providing reliable alert trigger, the HPMs data are used as well to map the SAA region., Comment: 7 pages,15 figures

A leaf-type isosceles-trapezoidal flexural (LITF) pivot consists of two leaf springs that are situated in the same plane and intersect at a virtual center of motion outside the pivot. The LITF pivot offers many advantages, including large rotation range and monolithic structure. Each leaf spring of a LITF pivot subject to end loads is deflected into an S-shaped configuration carrying one or two inflection points, which is quite difficult to model. The kinetostatic characteristics of the LITF pivot are precisely modeled using the comprehensive elliptic integral solution for the large-deflection problem derived in our previous work, and the strength-checking method is further presented. Two cases are employed to verify the accuracy of the model. The deflected shapes and nonlinear stiffness characteristics within the range of the yield strength are discussed. The load-bearing capability and motion range of the pivot are proposed. The nonlinear finite element results validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model for LITF pivots.

High energy X-ray telescope (HE) is one of the three instruments of Insight-HXMT (Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope) payload. The HE detector (HED) array is composed of 18 actively NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) phoswich scintillators with a total geometric area of ∼ 5100 cm 2 and cover the energy range 20∼250 keV. In this paper we describe the on-ground detector-level calibration campaigns and present the principal instrument properties of HEDs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various processes from the development to drug resistance of tumors, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, we examined the STAT5-related miRNA-expression profile in CML cell lines (K562 and imatinib-resistant K562/G) by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions. MiR-221 expression was markedly decreased in K562/G cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with treatment failure, when compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells and patients with optimal responses respectively. We also observed the expression of STAT5 inversely correlated with miR-221 expression in K562 and KBM5 cells. Additionally, STAT5 was validated as a direct target of miR-221 in dual-luciferase reporter vector assays. MiR-221 restoration and STAT5 knockdown in K562/G cells increased the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib by reducing the Bcl2: Bax ratio. Collectively, our data suggested that miR-221-STAT5 axis played crucial roles in controlling the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib.

Monascus species produce useful secondary metabolite, Monascus pigments (MPs). They are widely used in food industry as a color intensifier, food additives and nitrite substitute in the meat product. MPs are also reported to have the potential for therapeutic use and used as a dye in cosmetic and textile industries. This paper reviews the production, composition, bioactivity, utilization of MPs, the citrinin and methods of eliminating citrinin from MPs were also discussed. MPs possess antioxidant properties, immunosuppressive properties, teratogenicity, and antimicrobial. Notwithstanding all these useful characteristics, it has been discovered that Monascus species co-produce citrinin and current studies on Monascus focus on how to minimize or eliminate citrinin from the useful pigment to improve quality and safety, several methods have been developed, including, detoxification of citrinin, regulation of gene, manipulation of fermentation conditions and use of nanoparticles for production of citrinin free MPs.

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) is an international cooperation flagship mission, equipped with four kinds of instruments, including 9 SFA (Spectroscopic Focusing Array) telescopes, 4 PFA (Polarimetry Focusing Array) telescopes, 6 WFM (Wide Field Monitor) cameras, and 40 LAD (Large Area Detector) modules. These payloads overall require about 11.5m2 for mounting on the same side of the satellite, with high alignment requirement between lines of sight of each instrument to guarantee the effective area and response performance of scientific payload, which is the most important driver for the satellite mechanical design. At the same time, the mirror assemblies and cameras of SFA and PFA telescopes are installed separately on the satellite, relying on the satellite structure to ensure the relative position accuracy. There are also factors such as payload field-of-view, sun shield, antenna accommodation, mechanical property to be taken care of in the satellite configuration design. According to the characteristics of payloads, an integrated configuration and structure design of eXTP satellite is proposed, with a high-rigid optical module providing large area for payload optics accommodation, a central cylinder as the primary force-taking structure of the satellite, a service module for platform equipment accommodation, and a detector module equipped with cameras of SFA and PFA. This paper introduces the mechanical design and analysis of eXTP satellite. The feasibility and performance of configuration and structure design are verified by simulation analysis.

This bibliometric-based review analyses the trends in 1010 published articles (1990 to mid-2018) on the high-value application of Chlorella, and illustrates the evolution and latest tendencies at a global level by the number of publications and their distribution, issuing institutions and countries or regions, the sources and research direction, as well as the core-author and keywords. The results demonstrated that there is a burst in terms of the number of articles, and China, USA, Mexico, and Japan are the dominant countries in this area. The most relevant journals with this subject are Bioresource Technology and Hydrobiology, and the research mainly focuses on marine and freshwater biology, biotechnology and applied microbiology, energy and fuels, food science and technology, and environmental sciences. Overall, bibliometric analysis has shown that Chlorella application research is a very active field, and the future research will be conducted into construction of genetic engineering algae, high-density and low-cost culture systems, efficient harvesting and separation techniques, effective energy conversion, integrated photo-bioreactors, and molecular biology technology. Wastewater treatment, CO2 bio-fixation, biomass production, and biosynthesis of useful substances by cultivating microalgae are promising research fields.

Delayed diagnosis of insulinoma remains an intractable clinical challenge because the symptoms are in most cases misattributed to other disorders. In this study, a 64-year-old man presented with intermittent seizure episodes after being misdiagnosed with epilepsy and receiving anti-epileptic drugs for 4 years. During this period, the patient continued to suffer from repeated seizures. A starvation test, pancreatic enhancement CT, MRI scan, and pathological examination clinically diagnosed insulinoma, and the symptoms improved following surgical removal of the tumor. The appearance of unusual manifestations and insulinoma imaging makes it difficult to accurately diagnose the condition. This case emphasizes the need for careful reassessment of all atypical and refractory seizures for neurologists.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a CD4+ T cell-dependent autoimmune disease resulting from aberrant immune response mediated by circulating autoantibodies at the neuromuscular junction. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an expensive and commonly used immunotherapeutic approach to treat patients with MG. The mechanisms of actions involved in IVIg treatment, however, remain to be investigated. In an effort to examine the roles of various subsets of CD4+ T cells in the periphery blood of MG and uncover the mechanisms that contribute to the therapeutical effects of IVIg, we first demonstrated that a subset of CD4+ T cells, CTLA-4-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells, were underrepresented and functionally defective in MG patients. The dynamic profiling during the IVIg therapy course further revealed an inverse relationship between the frequency of CTLA-4+ Treg and the quantitative MG (QMG) score that represents disease severity. Our mechanistic studies indicated that IVIg expands CTLA-4-Treg cells via modulating antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). To determine the molecular defects of CTLA-4 in abnormities of Treg in MG patients, we demonstrated hypermethylation at -658 and -793 CpGs of CTLA-4 promoter in MG Tregs. Interestingly, IVIg therapy significantly reduced the methylation level at these two sites in MG patients. Overall, our study may suggest a role of CTLA-4 in functionally defected Treg cells in MG and its actions involved in IVIg therapy.

To reduce the influence of thermal error on the accuracy of CNC machine tool this paper proposed a temperature sensor measuring point optimization method based on DBSCAN clustering algorithm and a BP neural network modeling method for CNC machine tool. DBSCAN algorithm and Pearson correlation coefficient method reduced the temperature measurement point from 16 to 5. Established BP neural network for temperature and spindle displacement, and the score of the model up to 0.99, which provided an important theoretical basis for the machine tool thermal error compensation.

A definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis serositis (TS) is still challenging. Our preliminary practice found that Serous Fluid Drainage Flocky Precipitate (SFDFP) was a useful testing sample to diagnose TS. We designed this study to assess the diagnostic performance of SFDPF for TS compared with conventional bacteriology methods on serous fluid (SF). A cohort study was conducted from July 2014 to April 2016. Patients with suspected TS were consecutively screened. SF and SFDFP were collected and tested by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, MTB culture, and Xpert/RIF assay. We compared the diagnostic performance of SF and SFDFP in several test settings. Through this study, 85 patients were enrolled, of whom 70 (82.4%) were confirmed TS or highly probable TS, 13 (15.3%) were none-TS and 2 (2.4%) indeterminate results were ruled out. The overall sensitivity using both SFDFP and SF was significantly higher than each (60% vs. 48% and 41%, p

In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission - eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources. The paper provides a detailed description of: (1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload; (2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment., Accepted for publication on Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. (2019)

With the development of society, people’s aesthetic needs for clothing are also changing. The emergence of national style has become a new trend in the field of clothing design. Yao costume language and modern fashion elements have many common features. Yao costume can be integrated from the details of costume elements, costume color matching, decorative techniques and costume elements. Modern fashion design is carried out in style and other aspects. Virtual reality technology is a technology of human-computer interaction using virtual technology. Modern virtual clothing design is that clothing designers use virtual reality design technology through vision, hearing and touch to design clothing under the virtual reality environment displayed by computer. A comprehensive technology integrating computer graphics, artificial intelligence, concurrent engineering, network technology, multimedia technology and virtual reality technology. Retain and develop the essence of national costume and apply it in modern society, which reflects the artistic expression and national cultural charm in modern costume design, improves the position of national costume elements in modern costume design, and plays an important role in promoting the excellent costume culture of ethnic minorities.

Rationale: Autoimmune encephalitis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome are classic paraneoplastic neurological conditions common in patients with small cell lung cancer. Patient concerns: The patient complained of tiredness, fluctuating recent memory loss, and inability to find his home. His family members reported a change in character, irritability, and paranoia. One month later, the patient had 1 grand mal seizure lasting 5 minutes. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with limbic encephalitis combined with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. The gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor and collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5, also called CV2) antibody test results were positive. Nine months after the onset of symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. Interventions: The patient was administered intravenous immunoglobulin for 5 days. He was then treated with 60 mg prednisone once per day. The prednisone dose was gradually reduced by 1 tablet every 2 weeks. After the diagnosis, the patient underwent 6 courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin combined with sequential chemoradiation therapy. Outcomes: The patient was able to take care of himself. Neurological examination revealed a lower limb proximal muscle strength level of 4 and a reduced limb tendon reflex. The patient had deficits in short-term memory, a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 26, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of 24, Self-rating Depression Scale score of 54 (mild depression), and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score of 42 (normal). Lessons: Autoimmune diseases of the peripheral and central nervous systems can be observed at the same time in patients with small cell lung cancer, even when magnetic resonance imaging findings are negative and immune therapy is effective.

High expression of the Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been considered as a sensitive marker of minimal residual disease (MRD). The present study investigated the significance of quantitative analysis of WT1 mRNA, combined with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) regarding its efficacy and prognostic as well as relapse prediction value for leukemia patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression of WT1 in the initial and relapse group was significant higher than that in the complete remission (CR) group (P

T cells have been demonstrated to exert central roles in the development of type 2 DN (T2DN). To explore whether Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm plays an important role in the development of T2DN, we investigated the proportions of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells and serum levels of relevant cytokines in T2DM patients with various degrees of nephropathy and controls. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm or relevant cytokines with urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR). Our study demonstrated that the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm skewed to Th1 and Th17 in T2DN patients. UACR was positively related to the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as the ratio of Th17:Treg cells, and negatively related to the proportions of Treg cells. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-10 were increased in T2DN patients, and positively related to UACR. These data indicate that the alteration of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm exists in T2DN patients, which may contribute to the enhanced immune activation and inflammation, and subsequent development and progression of T2DN. These findings may provide one new approach to the underlying mechanisms of the development of T2DN.

The potential economic values and applications of natural yellow and red pigments in the food industry, cosmetic, and textile cannot be underestimated. So the improvement of a bioprocess for better production of Monascus pigments (MPs) using nutrition regulation under submerged fermentation was carried out. An organic acid together with fermentation conditions such as pH has proved to be effective for pigment enhancement as well as cell growth. The combined effect of 10 g/L peptone and 1.5 g/L pyruvic acid yielded yellow (99.81 ± 5.25 AU/ml) and red (97.22 ± 6.12 AU/ml) pigments which are about 5 folds compared to control. Further investigation indicated that the pigment production in the acidic medium is better than the nearly neutral medium. The highest yellow (574.76 ± 6.18 AU/ml) and red (570.98 ± 7.66 AU/ml) pigment production were attained at the initial pH of 5.0. The study again showed that the effect of fermentation time on pigments, pH curve, and biomass production did not reach the decline phase given an indication of adequate nutrient in the broth for probable growth and pigment production. The present study gives the basic information on which the scaled-up production of valuable metabolites by filamentous fungi in submerged fermentation could be carried on.

MicroRNA-155 (miR155) has been demonstrated as a central regulator of immune responses induced by inflammatory mediators. Previous studies suggest that miR155 may play adverse effects in various diseases. We hereby explored the roles of miR155 in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from GBS patients and healthy controls. Expression of miR155 in PBMCs was detected by quantitative PCR. An inhibitor of miR155 was transfected into the cultured PBMCs and the GBS-related cytokines were detected. Significantly, our study demonstrated that miR155 was downregulated in PBMCs from GBS patients and silencing of miR155 profoundly promoted the production of Th1-type cytokines in vitro. Our data effectively demonstrate a protective role of miR155 in GBS, which suggests that miR155 may be a promising target for the therapy of the disease.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a CD4(+) T cell-dependent autoimmune disease, and close attention has been paid to the role of CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg cells (Tregs). Previous results regarding Tregs in MG patients have been conflicting. The discrepancy was partly ascribed to selecting different Treg-associated molecules in defining Tregs. Therefore, we considered it necessary to find a reliable index for assessing the immunologic state in MG patients and explore the effect of IS on them.We adopted flow cytometric techniques to measure the numbers and frequencies of Tregs in peripheral blood taken from 57 patients and 91 age-matched healthy donors, and we also analyzed FOXP3 mean fluorescence intensity on Tregs.The number and frequency of Tregs in peripheral blood of MG patients significantly decreased, together with down-regulation of FOXP3 expression. There was dynamic change of Treg cell level and the inverse relationship with clinical symptom, suggesting that the immunologic disorder in MG patients was related to peripheral Tregs population. Meanwhile, CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)Helios(+)T cells might be activated Tregs, rather than nTregs. Moreover, the number and frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)Helios(+)T cells significantly decreased in MG patients, indicating that the reduction of the activated Tregs population might be a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of MG.The significant reduction of the peripheral Tregs population in MG patients might be responsible for the immunologic disorders in MG patients. IS such as GC took its effect possible by increasing the population size, and the underlying mechanism should be further investigated.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent and life threatening complication of allogeneic haematogenesis stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). The correlation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the patients after aHSCT to the occurrence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD (aGVHD and cGVHD) is not fully investigated. Here, we examined the levels of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs by assessment of CD4(+)CD25(high) and CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) in peripheral blood, and the levels of serum TGF-beta and TNF-alpha in 56 patients at early immune reconstitution following aHSCT. Our data showed a significant reduction in the frequency of Tregs in patients with grades II-IV aGVHD and extensive cGVHD compared to healthy controls. Moreover, a decreased level of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs was correlated to increased severity of GVHD. The levels of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs in non-GVHD groups were however significantly higher than that in healthy controls. A significant decrease in the levels of TGF-beta and a significant increase the levels of TNF-alpha was also seen with increased severity of GVHD. This study suggested that measurement of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs along with serum TGF-beta and TNF-alpha at early immune reconstruction after aHSCT may indicate the onset and severity of both aGVHD and cGVHD.

Currently, college students in China have some problems in psychological health. Meanwhile, psychological health education also lags behind. Flexible application of psychological health consultation can promote psychological health education of college students and drive healthy development of college students. This paper will simply set forth effects of psychological consultation in psychological health education of college students.

The aim of the current study was to examine the prognostic value of copeptin for acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. A total of 120 patients were recruited. The plasma copeptin levels were measured using sandwich immunoassays. The hematoma volume, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ICH score were evaluated. The 90-day functional outcomes were measured with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Copeptin correlated positively with hematoma volume (r=0.61, P=0.000), Hemphill scores (r=0.78, P=0.000) and white blood cell counts (r=0.58, P=0.000), whereas copeptin correlated negatively with GCS scores (r=−0.79, P=0.000). Copeptin levels were also higher in patients with an unfavorable functional outcome at 90 days than in patients with a favorable outcome (4.14±0.87 vs. 3.09±0.30 ng/ml; t=8.001, P=0.00). Monovariate logistic regression analysis results suggest that copeptin is a predictor of the 90-day functional outcomes of ICH patients (OR=3.17, 95% CI 2.01–4.35, P=0.003. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results indicate that copeptin is an independent predictor of the 90-day functional outcomes of ICH patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of VEGF treatment on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats were administered PBS or VEGF at concentrations of 10, 20 or 30 µg/ml. The effects of VEGF on the rat infarct volume and neurological deficits were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex. Treatments with VEGF reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological functions. VEGF increased microvessel generation and also inhibited apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. For the rats in the 30 µg/ml VEGF group, an even higher number of proliferative endothelial cells were observed by electron microscopy. In conclusion, VEGF treatment has protective effects on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

With the economic development, trends of projects of large scale and complex become evident, and cooperative design also will be more common. Because cooperative design involves many subjects, some problems may appear, such as division of labor, poor communication. They will bear some risk, mainly involving schedule delays, increased costs, inferior quality and so on. Risk management should be developed that risk management systems, risk registration system, early warning system, a good communication mechanism, a strong monitoring measures and making the project summary should be included.

The pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) method has been widely accepted as one of the most important tools for synthesis and analysis of compliant mechanisms. However, the lack of quantitative study on the accuracy of PRBM for predicting the kinetostatic behavior of flexible members always makes users feel unconfident in the results achieved by PRBM. In this paper, a strain-energy-based approach is proposed for evaluating the accuracy of PRBM for predicting kinetostatic behavior of flexible segments, which compares the results of strain energy calculate using PRBM to those obtained using the derived closed-form solutions. The approach was used to evaluate the accuracy of the PRBM for flexible cantilever beams. It is proved that the PRBM is accurate for modeling segments subject to end-moment loads. A thorough comparison for segments subject to end-force loads is also presented. The results could be useful for PRBM users to assess the accuracy of the models for their compliant mechanism designs, or to choose appropriate values for the characteristic parameters. The results may also be used to improve the PRBM.Copyright © 2011 by ASME

A compliant multistable mechanism is capable of steadily staying at multiple distinct positions without power input. Many applications including switches, valves, relays, positioners, and reconfigurable robots may benefit from multistability. In this paper, two new approaches for synthesizing compliant multistable mechanisms are proposed, which enable designers to achieve multistability through the use of a single bistable mechanism. The synthesis approaches are described and illustrated by several design examples. Compound use of both approaches is also discussed. The design potential of the synthesis approaches is demonstrated by the successful operation of several instantiations of designs that exhibit three, four, five, and nine stable equilibrium positions, respectively. The synthesis approaches enable us to design a compliant mechanism with a desired number of stable positions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME

In view of the industrial design process involving many ergonomics knowledge, this paper has carried out the study of the technology integrating ergonomics into industrial design. The purpose is to reduce the tedious inquire about ergonomics knowledge and ensure the efficiency of industrial design on the premise of that is free to innovative design. And based on PRO / Engineering powerful 3D modeling features and good performance of the re-development, an intelligent design system integrating ergonomics into industrial design (IDS-IEID) has been achieved. In addition to providing essential knowledge help and anthropometry data query, the system has intelligently implemented Ergonomics design and ergonomics checking-evaluation on chairs, tables and other instruments commonly used in industrial design. Users will be permitted to log-in(out) with freedom between the platforms of PRO/E, Ergonomics and industrial design Finally, for work-chair as an example, the feasibility of the system has been verified.

Graft-versus-host disease continues to be a major life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (aHSCT). The relationship of acute GVHD (aGVHD) with the levels of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells in patients after aHSCT and in their corresponding donors is not fully investigated. We examined the levels of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells in patients after aHSCT and in their corresponding donors, and analyzed the relationship of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells to the incidence and prognosis of aGVHD. The recipients with normal or high CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells (three of eight, 37.5%) had no or mild aGVHD (grade I), and all survived during the follow-up period. In striking contrast, the recipients with lower or no CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells suffered from greater than grade II aGVHD (four of four, 100%), and all died within 1-year post-aHSCT. Moreover, the number of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells in recipients correlated significantly with that of their corresponding donors. The CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells from the recipients and their corresponding donors expressed high levels of Foxp3, and effectively suppressed the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) responder T cells. This study suggests that human Treg cells may play an important role in aGVHD, as has been seen in murine models. The levels of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells in recipients and donors could be helpful for predicting of the onset and outcome of aGVHD.