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BACKGROUND Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer. Our aim was to determine the interrelation between the expression of multiple molecular markers and the histological features of oral dysplasia. METHODS Fifteen samples of OED (five for each severity degree) were analyzed through software assisted image cytometry nuclear morphology. p53 (wildtype and mutated form), Bax and Bcl2 expression was immunohistochemically determined, and the gene expression of MMP1, MMP2,MMP9 and hTERT was determined by RT-PCR. The mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Fisher´s exact test (p

Tapia's syndrome is characterized by peripheral damage of the hypoglossal and vagal nerves in the recurrent laryngeal branch at the cervical level. It is associated with trauma due to endotracheal intubation, direct damage to nerves X and XII, carotid dissection involving the ascending pharyngeal artery, fungal infections, and tumors. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, primarily alterations in swallowing, speech, and tongue mobility. Reports of this syndrome are scarce in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery literature and the treatment remains controversial. The present report describes a 25-year-old male patient who presented Tapia's syndrome with a fracture of the mandibular ramus and the first cervical vertebra due to a firearm projectile.