442,056 results on '"Anatomy"'
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2. Patent Issued for Piglet-protection device for a farrowing pen, and respective farrowing pen (USPTO 12052974).
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ANIMAL welfare ,PIGLETS ,ANATOMY ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,SWINE - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a piglet-protection device for a farrowing pen. The device is designed to support the mother animal during the birth process and protect newborn piglets from being trapped by the sow. The device includes adjustable door elements that allow for variable movement space for the sow and can be adapted to different farrowing pen dimensions. It also provides space for veterinary treatment or assistance during the birth process. The patent was filed by inventors from Germany and assigned to Big Dutchman International GmbH. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
3. Patent Issued for Methods for determining one or more captured images used in a machine learning assessment of an animal (USPTO 12046357).
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MACHINE learning ,ANIMAL classification ,ANATOMY ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,GRAPHICAL user interfaces ,TELERADIOLOGY - Abstract
A patent has been issued to SignalPET LLC for methods of using machine learning to assess radiographic images of animals. The patent addresses deficiencies in veterinary radiology, such as poor image quality and delays in image interpretation. The methods involve applying transformations to the images, segmenting them, and feeding them to classification artificial intelligence engines. The patent also includes a user interface for determining which images were used in the assessment and highlighting them for manual review. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
4. Patent Issued for Method for selectively elevating and separating tissue layers and surgical instrument for performing the method (USPTO 12029468).
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SURGICAL instruments ,NEEDLES & pins ,TISSUES ,PATENTS ,ANATOMY - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a method and surgical instrument that selectively elevates and separates tissue layers. The invention aims to address the challenges associated with traditional methods of injecting liquid under the mucosal layer, such as bleeding, perforation, and difficulty in maintaining fluid retention. The surgical instrument allows for the targeted delivery of fluidic agents without the need for a needle, improving the efficiency of tissue resection. The instrument combines the advantages of water jet surgery and high-frequency surgery, offering a multifunctional approach to tissue elevation, separation, coagulation, and resection. The patent was filed by Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH and published online on July 9, 2024. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
5. Patent Issued for System and method for visualization of ocular anatomy (USPTO 12016631).
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BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy ,ANATOMY ,HYPERGLYCEMIA ,PATENTS ,RETINAL blood vessels - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a system and method for visualizing ocular anatomy. The invention aims to improve the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, a disease that can lead to vision loss or blindness if not treated promptly. The system utilizes cameras with a wider field of view and multiple spectrums and wavelengths to capture images of the eye. It also has the potential to detect the presence of beta-amyloid protein, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, and other ocular conformational diseases. The system is designed to be affordable, easy to use, and accessible to patients and clinicians. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
6. Abdominal Wall Defects
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Daniel J. Ledbetter, Shilpa Chabra, and Patrick J. Javid
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Abdominal wall ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business - Published
- 2024
7. Patent Issued for User-installable part installation detection techniques (USPTO 12000753).
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ANATOMY ,HUMAN anatomy ,PATENTS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,TELERADIOLOGY - Abstract
A patent has been issued to Intuitive Surgical Operations Inc. for user-installable part installation detection techniques. The patent describes techniques for testing whether an end effector or component is correctly or incorrectly installed to a manipulation system. The manipulation system includes a manipulator arm, a transducer, and a processor that provides a command signal to effect a test move of the end effector and determines the installation status based on effort information. These techniques have applications in various fields, including medical procedures, non-medical procedures, and industrial uses. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
8. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Surgical Navigation Systems And Methods Including Matching Of Model To Anatomy Within Boundaries", for Approval (USPTO 20240180634).
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PATENT applications ,RESEARCH personnel ,ANATOMY ,TIME complexity ,IMAGE registration - Abstract
A patent application has been submitted by PolarisAR Inc. for a surgical navigation system that matches a digital model to the anatomy of a patient. The system uses two-dimensional images to generate a three-dimensional model of the patient's body, and then matches this model to live images taken during surgery. This eliminates the need for markers or other physical references, making the system more efficient and user-friendly for medical professionals. The system can be used with augmented reality devices and has the potential to improve surgical procedures. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
9. Patent Issued for Methods for accessing spinal column using B-mode imaging to determine a trajectory without penetrating the the patient's anatomy (USPTO 11986341).
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SPINE ,ANATOMY ,SURGICAL equipment ,PATENTS - Abstract
A patent has been issued for methods of accessing the spinal column using B-mode imaging to determine a trajectory without penetrating the patient's anatomy. The patent describes the need for surgical techniques that are less invasive and cause less collateral damage to uninvolved anatomical structures. The invention involves a device with ultrasound transducers that can scan the patient's muscle or anatomy to identify anatomical structures and determine a trajectory for surgery that avoids these structures. The device aims to improve the accuracy and safety of minimally invasive spinal surgery. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
10. Patent Issued for Systems and methods for optimizing fit of an implant to anatomy (USPTO 11977817).
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KNEE pain ,ANATOMY ,ORTHOPEDIC implants ,ORTHOPEDIC apparatus ,SURGICAL technology ,KNEE joint - Abstract
Smith & Nephew Inc. has been issued a patent for systems and methods to improve the fit of implants during joint arthroplasty procedures, such as knee replacements. The patent addresses the issue of implants not adequately covering the resected surfaces of a patient's anatomy due to limited size options. The invention proposes using software programs to simulate planned resections on a three-dimensional model of the patient's anatomy and compare them to various implant sizes to identify the best fitting implant. The goal is to enhance biomechanic performance and patient satisfaction during post-operative activities. The method also includes identifying abnormal morphology and providing the surgeon with more options to consider, without reducing the number of options available. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
11. Patent Issued for System and method of fluid passageway cross-sectional area determination in an anatomy (USPTO 11969219).
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PROSTHETIC heart valves ,ANATOMY ,RIGHT heart atrium ,PROSTHETICS - Abstract
A recent patent has been issued to Materialise N.V. for a system and method that can determine cross-sectional areas in a patient's fluid passageways, such as valves, arteries, veins, and airways. This invention aims to assist in the placement and positioning of prosthetic devices, specifically prosthetic mitral valves used in transcatheter mitral valve replacement procedures. By obtaining a 3D model of the passageway and using section planes, the method calculates cross-sectional areas and compares them to a threshold, allowing for the selection of an appropriate prosthetic device. This technology has the potential to improve the treatment of mitral regurgitation and potentially reduce the need for open-heart surgery. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
12. Simultaneous medial closed wedge distal femoral osteotomy combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Report of 2 cases
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Akira Hashimoto, Takafumi Shimazaki, Masaaki Mawatari, Yosuke Matsumura, Takema Nakashima, Toshiyuki Tsuruta, Satomi Nagamine, Sakumo Kii, Motoki Sonohata, and Shuya Ide
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business.product_category ,Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,Anatomy ,business ,Wedge (mechanical device) ,Distal femoral osteotomy - Published
- 2023
13. Evaluation of the posterior superior alveolar artery location and diameter with a newly defined stable plane
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Birkan Tatar, Hüseyin Akçay, and Fahrettin Kalabalik
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Sinus Floor Augmentation ,Maxillary sinus ,Plane (geometry) ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Mandibular first molar ,Posterior superior alveolar artery ,Mandibular second molar ,Posterior Tooth ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Premolar ,Surgery ,Oral Surgery ,business - Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the vertical location of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) using a reliable new reference plane regardless of tooth and alveolar bone, and to measure the diameter in each posterior tooth region, which is of relevance to lateral sinus floor elevation surgery. A total of 270 sinuses in 139 patients were examined in this study. The A-plane was defined by A-point and the bilateral jugal points on reconstructed three-dimensional images. The distance from the PSAA to the defined plane was measured in four regions: first premolar (P1), second premolar (P2), first molar (M1), and second molar (M2). The average distance of the PSAA above the plane in the P1, P2, M1, and M2 regions was determined to be 10.24mm, 7.35mm, 5.47mm, and 7.23mm, respectively. The PSAA was found to run above the plane in 97.4% of sinuses, below the plane in 1.1%, and on the plane in 1.5%. In conclusion, the new plane is useful for intraoperative location of the PSAA. According to the study findings, the area below the reference plane can be considered safe for lateral approach sinus surgery in terms of preserving the integrity of the PSAA.
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- 2023
14. Distal-Ulna Stump Stability: The Role of Distal Interosseous Membrane: Myth or Reality? Anatomical Research
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Sergio Valente, Daniel Postan, and Luciano A. Poitevin
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Joint Instability ,030222 orthopedics ,Distal ulna ,Interosseous membrane ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Druj ,Ulna ,Anatomy ,030230 surgery ,Arthroplasty ,Distal radioulnar joint ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Forearm ,Interosseous Membrane ,medicine ,Cadaver ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Background Distal-ulna stump (DUS) instability often occurs when performing a distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthroplasty. Recent studies suggest that the distal interosseous membrane (DIOM) reinforces the triangular fibrocartilage complex, providing additional stability to the DRUJ. The aim of this study was to determine whether the DIOM stabilizes the ulnar stump. Methods Twenty fresh-frozen random forearms were dissected. The presence of a distal oblique bundle (DOB) was recorded and measured. The radius was fixed to a vise and the ulna kept free. The DRUJ was fixed with a lag screw. A bone slice was removed by transverse ulna osteotomies 10 and 15 mm proximal to the DRUJ. A 10-N force was applied to the ulna in dorsal and volar directions. Displacements were measured. The DIOM was then transected, and maneuvers and measurements were repeated and compared. Results A distinct distal membrane was present in 70% and a cord-like DOB in 30%. The mean length was 29 mm. Its origin was proximal to the sigmoid notch; its insertion was on the distal third of the ulna, at its lateral border. This attachment is comprised between 39 and 48 mm proximal to the ulnocarpal joint. Initial displacements averaged 22 mm dorsally and 13 mm volarly. After DIOM transection, ulnar translocation increased to 31 mm dorsally and 19 mm volarly. Conclusion In DRUJ arthroplasties, the DIOM does not appear to be a stabilizer of the DUS beneath a useful threshold. Its retaining effect occurs only after an initial 22-mm dorsal displacement, which we consider not clinically admissible. Therefore, in DRUJ arthroplasties, some augmentation might be advisable.
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- 2023
15. Sinus pericranii in a neonate with the scalp hair tuft sign
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Sagarika Ray
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Scalp ,Vaginal delivery ,business.industry ,Sinus Pericranii ,Skull ,Infant, Newborn ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Cranial Sinuses ,medicine.disease ,Lesion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,Gestation ,Humans ,Neonatal health ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Sinus pericranii ,Sign (mathematics) ,Hair - Abstract
A girl born by normal vaginal delivery at 34 weeks’ gestation was noted to have a discrete midline scalp swelling from birth. This parieto-occipital lesion was non-tender, non-pulsatile and measured 10 mm in diameter. At 4 weeks of age, the lesion remained similar in size and had developed a
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- 2023
16. Severe presentation of non-ossifying fibroma of the femur in osteoglophonic dysplasia
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Yee Tong Chong, Abilash Kumar, Emilia Rosniza Mohammed Rusli, and Kamal Jamil
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Radiography ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Fibroma ,Mandible ,medicine.disease ,Osteochondrodysplasias ,Craniosynostosis ,Natural history ,Young Adult ,Dysplasia ,Orthopedic surgery ,medicine ,Humans ,Femur ,Female ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business ,Right Thigh - Abstract
Osteoglophonic dwarfism, also known as osteoglophonic dysplasia (OD), is an uncommon skeletal dysplasia with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, which equally affects boys and girls. OD is saliently featured by craniosynostosis, dysmorphic facial features, impacted mandibular teeth, rhizomelic limb shortening and non-ossifying fibromas habitually at the metaphyseal regions, which usually disappear after skeletal maturity. The long bones in OD are portrayed by this distinguishable ‘hollowed-out’ appearance with metaphyseal cystic defects that have a natural history of spontaneous resolution. We report a case of a rare and unusual presentation of OD in a 23-year-old woman whom has been diagnosed with OD during her early childhood. She presented with a progressively enlarging right thigh swelling associated with pain for the past 1 year. Her right femur plain radiograph revealed diffuse lysis of the whole femur with cortical thinning. MRI revealed multiple bilateral femur benign cystic lesion synonymous with a severe spectrum of OD. She was started on a trial of oral bisphosphonates, which led to a significant improvement in pain.
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- 2023
17. Wrist Ganglion Cysts in Children: An Update and Review of the Literature
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Jieyun Zhou, Sami Al-Ani, Jeannette W. C. Ting, Carla Baldrighi, Kerstin Oestreich, and Andrea Jester
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Adult ,Wrist Joint ,Soft Tissue Neoplasms ,030230 surgery ,Wrist ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Child ,Ganglion Cysts ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Soft tissue ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Hand ,Ganglion ,body regions ,Ganglion cyst ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Surgery ,Wrist ganglion ,business - Abstract
Ganglion cysts are the most common soft tissue tumor of the hand and wrist, affecting pediatric and adult populations. Despite their frequency, there is no consensus within the literature regarding the best management of pediatric wrist ganglia, and there are few recent publications examining this topic. We provide an up-to-date literature review examining the current issues and controversies in the management of pediatric wrist ganglia.
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- 2023
18. Gomez-López-Hernandez syndrome: the triad of cerebello-trigemino-dermal dysplasia
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Anuj Prabhakar, Neha Choudhary, Vikas Bhatia, and Parul Chawla Gupta
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genetic structures ,business.industry ,Neurocutaneous Syndromes ,Alopecia ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,eye diseases ,Craniofacial Abnormalities ,Rhombencephalon ,Triad (sociology) ,Gomez Lopez Hernandez syndrome ,Dysplasia ,Cerebellum ,medicine ,Humans ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,business ,Growth Disorders - Abstract
A 14-year-old female presented with progressive diminution of vision in the right eye. She had left-sided loss of vision since 1 year of age. The patient had aggressive behaviour with irrelevant talking. She was intellectually disabled and had a history of delayed motor and language milestones. On
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- 2023
19. Odontogenic choristoma embedded in the cheek of an old patient
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Guido Gabriele, Paolo Gennaro, Simone Benedetti, and Fabiola Rossi
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Choristoma ,business.industry ,Dental procedures ,Soft tissue ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Cheek ,Skin Diseases ,Odontogenic ,Lesion ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,stomatognathic system ,Oral and maxillofacial surgery ,Medicine ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Skin lesion ,Tooth ,Aged - Abstract
Odontogenic choristomas are a rare and recently classified entity, defined as neoplasms containing tissues of odontogenic derivation, found in abnormal locations and usually diagnosed in the early age. The authors report a unique case of a 79-year-old patient who presented to our attention for a skin lesion in the right cheek with no history of trauma or recent dental procedures, that underneath presented an indolent tooth-like structure inside the soft tissue of the right cheek, which at the histological study resulted to be an odontogenic choristoma. This rare histopathological diagnosis should be considered when a hard lesion is present in the head and neck region.
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- 2023
20. Sprengel deformity associated with winging of scapula, vertebral fusion, rib fusion and spina bifida occulta
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Satvik N. Pai and M Mohan Kumar
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Shoulder Joint ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ribs ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Spina Bifida Occulta ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Scapula ,Spina bifida occulta ,Vertebral fusion ,Rib fusion ,Orthopedic surgery ,medicine ,Deformity ,Menarche ,Humans ,Girl ,medicine.symptom ,business ,human activities ,media_common - Abstract
An 11-year-old girl was brought to us with complaints of restriction of movements of the left shoulder and a deformity of the back for the past 1 year, which had gradually progressed over 1 year. The child was yet to attain menarche. On examination, her physical development was found to be Tanner
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- 2023
21. Typical MRI findings of bilateral ischial bursitis: bilateral Weaver's bottom
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Tapendra Tiwari, Saurabh Goyal, and Rajaram Sharma
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Ischial bursitis ,endocrine system ,animal structures ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Older population ,body regions ,Bursitis ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,human activities ,Hamstring ,Mri findings - Abstract
Weaver’s bottom, popularly known as ischial bursitis, is a highly unusual entity affecting adults and older populations. Ischial bursitis is an inflammation of the ischial bursa and fluid collection and associated changes in the hamstring muscle complex (HMC). The ischial bursa lies near the
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- 2023
22. The cerebrofacial metameric syndromes: An embryological review and proposal of a novel classification scheme
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Anthony S. Larson, Timo Krings, Julie B. Guerin, and Waleed Brinjikji
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business.industry ,Vascular Malformations ,Neural crest ,Brain ,Classification scheme ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Syndrome ,Somitomere ,Neural Crest ,Medicine ,Humans ,business ,Head - Abstract
The cerebrofacial metameric syndromes are a group of congenital syndromes that result in vascular malformations throughout specific anatomical distributions of the brain, cranium and face. Multiple reports of patients with high-flow or low-flow vascular malformations following a metameric distribution have supported this idea. There has been much advancement in understanding of segmental organization and cell migration since the concept of metameric vascular syndromes was first proposed. We aim to give an updated review of these embryological considerations and then propose a more detailed classification system for these syndromes, predominately incorporating the contribution of neural crest cells and somitomeres to the pharyngeal arches.
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- 2023
23. Surgery of the Vertical Ear Canal
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Anne Sylvestre
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Vertical ear canal ,Anatomy ,Audiology ,business - Published
- 2023
24. Feline and Canine Otitis Media
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Dawn Logas
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otitis ,business.industry ,Eustachian tube ,Medicine ,Tympanum (anatomy) ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,business - Published
- 2023
25. Diaphragmatic and Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernias
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Janet Kovak McClaran
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Embryologic Structure ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Diaphragmatic breathing ,Anatomy ,business - Published
- 2023
26. To Explore the Changes and Differences of Microstructure of Vocal Fold in Vocal Fold Paralysis and Cricoarytenoid Joint Dislocation by Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Xinlin Xu, Young Jin Kim, Austin Scholp, Yanli Ma, Ting Liu, Jack J. Jiang, Jie Cai, and Peiyun Zhuang
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medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Anatomy ,LPN and LVN ,Cricoarytenoid Joint ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speech and Hearing ,Vocal muscle ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Vocal folds ,Fractional anisotropy ,Paralysis ,medicine ,Recurrent laryngeal nerve ,medicine.symptom ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Summary Objective The diffusion characteristics of water molecules were measured in the vocal folds of canines exhibiting unilateral vocal fold paralysis and unilateral cricoarytenoid joint dislocation. These characteristics were used in conjunction with a histological examination of the microstructural changes of vocal fold muscle fibers to explore the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in distinguishing unilateral vocal fold paralysis and unilateral cricoarytenoid joint dislocation as well as evaluating microstructural changes. Methods Ten beagles were randomly divided into three groups: four in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis group, four in the unilateral cricoarytenoid joint dislocation group, and two in the normal group. Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve resection was performed in the vocal fold paralysis group. Unilateral cricoarytenoid joint dislocation surgery was performed in the dislocation group. No intervention was performed in the normal group. Four months postintervention, the larynges were excised and put into a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (9.4T BioSpec MRI, Bruker, German) for scanning, followed by an analysis of diffusion parameters among the different groups for statistical significance. After MRI scanning, the vocal folds were cut into sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and scanned digitally. The mean cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and the mean diameter of muscle fibers in the vocal folds were calculated by target detection and extraction technology. Mean values of each measurement were used to compare the differences among the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the DTI parameters and the results from histological section extraction. Results The paralysis group had significantly higher Fractional Anisotropy (FA) compared to the dislocation group and normal group (P = 0.004). The paralysis group also had a significantly lower Tensor Trace value compared to the dislocation group and normal group (P = 0.000). The average cross-sectional area of vocal fold muscle fibers in the paralysis group was significantly smaller than the dislocation group and normal group (P = 0.000). Pearson correlation analysis yielded values of, r = -0.785, P = 0.01 between the average cross-sectional area of vocal muscle fibers and FA, and values of r = 0.881, P = 0.00 between Tensor Trace and the average cross-sectional area of vocal muscle. Conclusion FA and Tensor Trace can be used as effective parameters to reflect the changes of microstructure in vocal fold paralysis and cricoarytenoid joint dislocation. DTI is an objective and quantitative method to effectively evaluate unilateral vocal fold paralysis and unilateral cricoarytenoid joint dislocation, also capable of noninvasively evaluating vocal fold muscle fiber microstructure.
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- 2023
27. Differential Cortical Oscillatory Patterns in Amputees With and Without Phantom Limb Pain
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Ali Reza ArmaniKian, Mohamad Javad Fatemi, Ali Khatibi, Javad Hatami, Reza Khosrowabadi, and Zahra Bagheri
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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Phantom limb pain ,Upper limb amputation ,business ,Differential (mathematics) - Abstract
Introduction: Phantom limb pain (PLP) as neuropathic pain affects the life of amputees. It is believed an efficient PLP treatment should consider the underlying neurological mechanisms. Hereby, we investigated brain activity in PLP and its relationships to the psychological and cognitive dimensions of chronic pain. We investigate differences in resting brain activities between amputees with and without pain. We hypothesize significant differences in the motor cortex and parietal cortex activity that are related to pain perception. Also, we hypothesize two groups have significant differences in cognitive and psychological components. Methods: Behavioral assessment (psychological status, life satisfaction, and pain level) and EEG signals of 19 amputees (12 without pain and 7 with pain) were recorded. Data were statistically compared between the two groups. Also, the association between behavioral and neurophysiological data was computed. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the pain group for the beta and gamma waves, as well as, for the theta and delta waves in the posterior temporal on both sides, during the eye-open condition. The eyes-closed condition showed that the delta waves were decreased on the right side of the cortex. Also, data showed a significant difference in the correlation of pain features with brain waves between the two groups. Conclusion: Significant differences were mostly observed in regions related to pain perception rather than the motor cortex. This can be due to the learned strategies to deal with pain and the degree of pain. Results showed maladaptive cognitive processes had a relationship with brain wave activities. According to the result of brain wave activities, it seems that cognitive factors have a role in the experience of PLP rather than neuroplasticity through amputation.
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- 2023
28. An unusual variant of the atlantomastoid muscle
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N O Blackwood, Grzegorz Wysiadecki, Łukasz Olewnik, Aimee Aysenne, Georgi P. Georgiev, R. S. Tubbs, and Joe Iwanaga
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Histology ,business.industry ,Suboccipital muscle ,Cadaver ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Suboccipital region ,Patient care - Abstract
Knowledge of anatomical variations can be of use to clinicians and surgeons when, for example, viewing images of a patient or performing operations. Such knowledge can minimize the risk of iatrogenic complications. Herein, we present a case of a variant atlantomastoid muscle. The muscle was identified on the left side in an adult cadaver. The muscle's measurements and anatomical relationships are presented as well as a review of salient literature. We hope that increased knowledge of anatomical variants in the suboccipital region can improve patient care.
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- 2023
29. Human lumbosacral root and ligamentum flavum thicknesses: a magnetic resonance study
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Ramada R. Khasawneh, Mohammed Z. Allouh, and E Abu El-Rub
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Histology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Nerve root ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Age and sex ,Lumbosacral plexus ,Lumbar ,Magnetic resonance study ,Medicine ,Population study ,Anatomy ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Lumbosacral joint - Abstract
Background: This study investigated the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) nerve root thickness and ligamentum flavum (LF) thickness and correlated them with age and sex. These findings provided a useful data for spinal nerve root micro-anastomosis surgery and lumbar decompression surgery. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 350 individuals with ages ranging from 21 to 80 years of age under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluated the possible cause of a lower back pain. Results: According to the morphometric measurements of the LSP root thickness, the diameter gradually increased from L1 to S1. L1 has the thinnest root (3.9 ± 0.81 mm) while S1 has the thickest root (5.45 ± 0.8 mm). The measurements revealed inconsiderable differences in the LSP thickness in relation to age, sex in the study population. Regarding the LF, the thickness of the LF was found to be insignificantly increase with age. Besides, the LF thickness was inconsequentially higher in female. The mean thickness of the right LF at different spinal levels was measured (L2-L3 = 3.19 ± 0.27, L3–L4 = 3.38 ± 0.11 mm, L4–L5 = 3.71 ± 0.29 mm, and L5–S1 = 3.64 ± 0.21 mm). The mean thickness of the left LF was non significantly higher. Conclusions: The LSP root and LF thicknesses not related to age or sex.
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- 2023
30. Splitting of the distal median nerve
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R. S. Tubbs, Aaron S. Dumont, Joe Iwanaga, Łukasz Olewnik, and W. L Smith
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Physical examination ,Median nerve ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Forearm ,medicine ,Upper limb ,In patient ,Radiology ,Anatomy ,business - Abstract
Variations of the nerves of the forearm can lead to unexpected clinical findings during physical examination. Additionally, surgery in this region might encounter and potentially damage the nerve in such patients. Here, we present a case of a high split of the median nerve and discuss the findings of the case as well as review salient reports in the literature. Knowledge of such a variation can be important in patient diagnosis and treatment.
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- 2023
31. Unusual sensory innervation of the dorsal hand and why we should bear this variation in mind
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R. S. Tubbs, Y. Kartelov, Iva N. Dimitrova, Boycho Landzhov, Georgi P. Georgiev, L. Olewnik, and Nicol Zielinska
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Dorsum ,Histology ,Unusual case ,business.industry ,Sensory system ,Anatomy ,Variation (linguistics) ,Cadaver ,Dorsal hand ,Medicine ,business ,Anatomical dissection ,Radial nerve - Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the anatomy and different variations of the superficial branch of the radial nerve could be of great importance not only to anatomists but also to clinicians. A predominant radial nerve supply to the dorsum of the hand is rare. Herein, we present an unusual case of unilateral sensory innervation of the dorsal hand found during routine anatomical dissection of a 72-year-old at death male Caucasian cadaver. We also present a brief discussion of the reported variation and emphasize its potential clinical implications.
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- 2023
32. The ulnar head of the pronator teres muscle originating from the third head of the biceps brachii: a very rare case
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Bartłomiej Szewczyk, R. S. Tubbs, Nicol Zielinska, and Łukasz Olewnik
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Histology ,business.industry ,Muscle belly ,Anatomy ,musculoskeletal system ,Pronator teres muscle ,Biceps ,Median nerve ,Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Forearm ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Aponeurosis ,Brachial artery ,business - Abstract
The biceps brachii is located in the anterior compartment of the arm, which can show numerous morphological variations. During anatomical dissection, an interesting additional muscle was found: the third head of the biceps brachii originated from the short head of the same muscle. The 97.77 mm long muscle belly was directed medially over the arm and then passed into the common tendon (15.97 mm), which thereafter split into aponeurosis and tendon. The 26.33 mm aponeurosis passed and joined the fascia of the forearm. The tendon of the third head of the biceps brachii then gave rise to the ulnar head of the pronator teres muscle. Such an accessory structure could cause neurovascular compression involving the brachial artery and median nerve. Knowledge of the morphological variability of this region is essential not only for anatomists but also for clinicians.
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- 2023
33. Ascending palatine branch from the lingual artery with multiple other variations of the external carotid artery
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Joe Iwanaga, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Dany Hage, C Escoffier, and R.S. Tubbs
- Subjects
Histology ,Lingual artery ,business.industry ,External carotid artery ,Dissection (medical) ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Cadaver ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Blood supply ,Head and neck ,business ,Cadaveric spasm - Abstract
The external carotid artery (ECA) is the major blood supply for structures in the head and neck. Typically, it has eight separate branches; but there are many anatomical variations, making it difficult to predict surgical outcomes and complications without three-dimensional imaging. This case study focuses on a cadaver with multiple anatomical variations in the ECA, i.e., lingual, facial, occipital, ascending pharyngeal, and posterior auricular arteries, found during routine dissection of the right cadaveric neck. We also discuss the incidences of several other anatomical variations of the ECA branches and their surgical implications and potential complications.
- Published
- 2023
34. Safety window for the transsphenoidal approach for pituitary tumours: a computed tomographic angiography study
- Author
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Arnulfo Gómez-Sánchez, I S Villarreal-Del-Bosque, Alejandro Quiroga-Garza, Santos Guzmán-López, Ricardo Pinales-Razo, F J Arrambide-Garza, Rodrigo Enrique Elizondo-Omaña, Kouatzin Aguilar-Morales, and Pablo Patricio Zarate-Garza
- Subjects
Transsphenoidal surgery ,education.field_of_study ,Histology ,business.industry ,Nostril ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pituitary tumors ,Population ,medicine.disease ,Computed tomographic angiography ,Skull ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sella turcica ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Anatomy ,Internal carotid artery ,education ,Nuclear medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: The aims are to evaluate the morphometry of the sellar region and propose a safety window on the floor of the sella turcica for the transsphenoidal approach in a Hispanic population. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 150 computed tomographic angiography sellar region images from asymptomatic patients. The images were evaluated intraobservatory by an expert radiologist. We measured: intercarotid distance of cavernous segment; depth of sella turcica; skull base angle; anterior distance, the distance between anterior spinal nasal and floor of the sella turcica; posterior distance, the distance between anterior spinal nasal and posterior wall of the sella turcica; anterior surgical angle, formed between the floor of the nostril and superior limit of the anterior wall of the sella turcica; and posterior angle, formed between the floor of the nostril and the inferior limit of the posterior wall of the sella turcica. Results: Safety window was based on two measures: the intercarotid distance and depth. The mean of the safety window is 151.13 mm 2 and 147.60 mm 2 for men and women respectively. The intercarotid distance was 17.83 mm. The depth of the sella turcica was 8.46 mm. The skull base angle was 112.13 grades. The anterior distance was 76.34 mm. The posterior distance was 87.59 mm. The anterior surgical angle was 32.76 grades. The posterior surgical angle was 87.59 grades. Conclusions: The surgical approach space is smaller in females. It could significate a more complicated surgery in this population. Anatomical understanding could reduce complications in hospitals without a neuronavigation system. The project was previously reviewed and approved by the local ethics and research committees of the University with the approval number AH19-00002 on April 25, 2019.
- Published
- 2023
35. The different forms of the left brachiocephalic vein visualised during cardiovascular implantable electronic device implantation procedures
- Author
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Przemysław Stolarz, B. Lange, and R. Steckiewicz
- Subjects
Histology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Venography ,Right angle ,Catheter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Superior vena cava ,Left brachiocephalic vein ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,Left subclavian vein ,Anatomy ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Clavipectoral triangle ,Central venous catheter - Abstract
Background: Among the factors ensuring successful completion of such minimally invasive procedures as cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation and central venous catheter (CVC) placement are the morphometry and topography of the vessels used for cardiac lead or catheter advancement. Venous access through the left clavipectoral triangle makes use of the left brachiocephalic vein (BCV). The purpose of this study was to present the radiology images of various individual forms of this vessel observed during CIED implantation procedures. Methods: Our analysis included 100 venography recordings illustrating the left BCV, obtained during de novo CIED implantation procedures. We assessed the mediastinal course of the left BCV, with its natural angles, including angle α (in the middle section of the vessel) and the two angles created by the left BCV and the left subclavian vein (angle β) and the left BCV and the superior vena cava (angle γ). Results: The mean values of angle α tended to be higher (approximately 141°) than those of the two remaining angles (γ and β), which were comparable at 123° and 127°, respectively. An increase in mean angle α values were accompanied by increased mean angle γ and β values (p = 0.05), with only 5% of β and γ angles, in total, having values close to those of a right angle (90 ± 10o). Conclusions: Individual variability of left BCV topography and morphology comes from developmental formation of the physiological angle in the middle section of this mediastinal vessel’s course. The presence of near-right angles along the course of left BCV may potentially result in injuries to the vessel during intravascular procedures.
- Published
- 2023
36. Progressive paravertebral ligament ossification and pseudoarthrosis in the thoracic spine due to loss of function of the PHEX gene in a patient with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
- Author
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Yasuhito Yahara, Ryo Ueshima, Hideki Niimi, Isao Kitajima, Hiroto Makino, Katsuhiko Kamei, Nana Sugie, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, and Shoji Seki
- Subjects
business.industry ,Ossification ,Thoracic spine ,PHEX ,Anatomy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ligament ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Loss function - Published
- 2023
37. Microanatomic analyses of extratemporal facial nerve and its branches, hypoglossal nerve, sural nerve, and great auricular nerve
- Author
-
Fikret Gevrek, Ibrahim Erdim, Emrah Sapmaz, Veysel Gurbuz, and Selcuk Cetin
- Subjects
Histomorphometry ,Sural ,business.industry ,Facial ,Sural nerve ,Sensory system ,Anatomy ,Fascicle ,Hypoglossal ,Facial nerve ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Truncus ,Great auricular ,Medicine ,Great auricular nerve ,Axon ,business ,Hypoglossal nerve - Abstract
Objective: To investigate microanatomic organizations of the extratemporal facial nerve and its branches, hypoglossal nerve, sural nerve, and great auricular nerve. Methods: Nerve samples were dissected in 12 postmortem autopsies, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. Results: There was no significant difference between the right and left sides of the nerve samples for the nerve area, fascicle area, number of fascicles and average number of axons. The lowest mean fascicle number was found in the hypoglossal nerve (4.9 ± 1.4) while the highest was in great auricular nerve (11.4 ± 6.8). The highest nerve area (3,182,788 ± 838,430 μm2), fascicle area (1,573,181 ± 457,331 μm2) and axon number (14,772 ± 4402) were in hypoglossal nerve (p < 0.05). The number of axons per unit nerve area was higher in the facial nerve, truncus temporofacialis, truncus cervicofacialis and hypoglossal nerve, which are motor nerves, compared to the sural nerve and great auricular nerve, which are sensory nerves (p < 0.05). The number of axons per unit fascicle area was also higher in motor nerves than in sensory nerves (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that each nerve contained a different number of fascicles and these fascicles were different both in size and in the number of axons they contained. All these variables could be the reason why the desired outcomes cannot always be achieved in nerve reconstruction.
- Published
- 2023
38. Hoof wall separation disease: A Review
- Author
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Carrie J. Finno
- Subjects
Equine ,business.industry ,Hoof ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,Laminitis ,business - Abstract
Hoof wall separation disease (HWSD) is a genetic defect in Connemara ponies characterised by separation and cracking of the dorsal hoof wall. The disease can result in chronic inflammation, severe lameness and laminitis. Affected ponies typically show clinical signs within the first six months of life. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The genetic mutation is a frameshift mutation in the gene
- Published
- 2023
39. Outcomes of Surgical Management of Intraosseous Ganglia of the Carpal Bones: A Case Series
- Author
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Allen T. Bishop, Nicole A. Zelenski, Alexander Y. Shin, and Jacqueline Corona
- Subjects
Scaphoid Bone ,Wrist Joint ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Pain ,Anatomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Carpal bones ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Bone Cysts ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lunate Bone ,business - Abstract
Background Intraosseous ganglia of the carpal bones are uncommon with sparse publications to guide treatment. The purpose of this study was to review a single-institution experience to determine the outcomes of patients with surgically treated intraosseous carpal ganglia. Methods Skeletally mature patients with intraosseous carpal ganglia between 1995 and 2016 treated operatively were identified. Demographic information, clinical data, and radiographic studies were evaluated. Results Thirty-three ganglia in 31 patients were identified. Intraosseous ganglia were located in the lunate (23), scaphoid (9), and trapezoid (1). Patients who presented with pathologic fracture or collapse had larger intraosseus ganglia than those presenting with pain alone. Surgery significantly improved pain. Patients treated with debridement with autograft bone graft had a higher consolidation rate compared with allograft bone but no difference in pain. Conclusions Patients with large or symptomatic lesions can be treated successfully with curettage and debridement, which leads to relief of pain. The use of bone grafting remains controversial.
- Published
- 2023
40. Giant intramuscular infiltrating fibrolipoma of the right leg with common peroneal nerve neuropathy
- Author
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Sanjay Kumar Giri, Dipun Mishra, Suvnedu Purkait, and Mantu Jain
- Subjects
Leg ,Fibrolipoma ,business.industry ,Mature adipocytes ,Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ,Peroneal Nerve ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Lipoma ,business ,Peroneal Neuropathies ,Common peroneal nerve - Abstract
Lipomas are benign fatty tumours composed of mature adipocytes that are ubiquitous in their presence. When fibrous septa are present, these are called fibrolipoma.[1][1] Usually located subdermally, sometimes they may be subfascial.[2 3][2] These are further classified as parosteal, interosseous
- Published
- 2023
41. Narrow Notch Width and Low Anterior Cruciate Ligament Volume Are Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study
- Author
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Ashwani Soni, Ravinder Kaur, Sanjay Jhatiwal, Akash Singhal, Ravi Gupta, and Anil Kapoor
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Anterior cruciate ligament ,Anatomical structures ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Anatomy ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Notch width ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business ,Volume (compression) - Abstract
Background: The relationship between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and anatomical structures is still a topic of debate. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare knee geometry in demographically matched ACL-injured and ACL-intact athletes. Methods: We conducted a case-control study comparing 2 groups, each consisting of 55 professional athletes (44 men and 11 women): 1 group with complete ACL tears (cases) and 1 group with intact ACLs (controls). The groups were compared using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in terms of intercondylar notch geometry, tibial plateau characteristics, and ACL volume. Results: Among cases and controls, we found the cases had lower notch width (20.24 ± 2.68 mm vs. 22.04 ± 2.56 mm, respectively) and notch width index (0.29 ± 0.03 vs. 0.31 ± 0.03, respectively). The mean ACL volume in the cases (1181.63 mm3 ± 326 mm3) was also lower than in controls (1352.61 mm3 ± 279.84 mm3). The parameters of tibial slope geometry were comparable between groups. In addition, women had lower ACL volume than men (1254 ± 310 mm3 vs. 890 ± 267 mm3, respectively) and higher medial posterior tibial slope (4.76 ± 2.6 vs. 6.63 ± 1.83, respectively). Among cases, women had narrower notch width than men (16.9 ± 2.42 mm vs. 21.08 ± 2.03 mm). However, notch width index was comparable between male (0.3 ± 0.02) and female (0.28 ± 0.03) cases. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that narrow notch width and low ACL volume may enhance the risk of ACL injury among athletes. There was no association found between posterior tibial slope and ACL injury between athletes with injured ACLs and controls. Further study is indicated.
- Published
- 2023
42. Морфологічні зміни епіфізарного хряща дистального відділу стегнової кістки кролів в умовах його двобічного блокування пластинами з гвинтами
- Author
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Valentyna Maltseva, Victor Rokutov, Sergey Khmyzov, Nataliya Ashukina, Zinaida Danyshchuk, and Dmytro Iershov
- Subjects
Medial part ,epiphyseal cartilage ,Locking plate ,Longitudinal bone growth ,гистология ,histology ,Distal femur ,зона роста ,гістологія ,growth plate ,medicine ,эксперимент ,temporary bilateral block ,експеримент ,experiment ,business.industry ,Cartilage ,Leg length ,Histology ,Anatomy ,Lateral side ,временное двустороннее блокирование ,эпифизарный хрящ ,наросткова зона ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,епіфізарний хрящ ,тимчасове двобічне блокування ,business - Abstract
For the treatment of the moderate leg length discrepancy (2–6 cm) in children surgeons use temporal growth plate (GP or epiphyseal cartilage) block with plates and screws. Objective: to study morphological changes in distal femur growth plate of rabbits under bilateral temporal block with non-locking plates and screws. Methods: we blocked distal GP of the right femur of 9 rabbits (8 weeks old). On 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks histological study of the distal femoral growth plate of both femurs with morphometry was made. Results: in 3rd weeks after surgery the height of the GP on the operated side was decreased in lateral and medial parts in 2.06 and 1.98 times (p, Для лечения умеренной разницы (2–6 см) длины нижних конечностей у детей используют временное блокирование зоны роста (ЗР или эпифизарный хрящ) пластинами с винтами.Цель: исследовать морфологические изменения ЗР дистального отдела бедренной кости кроликов при ее двустороннем блокировании неблокируемыми пластинами с винтами.Методы: блокировали дистальную ЗР правой бедренной кости 9 кроликов в возрасте 8 нед. Через 3, 5 и 7 нед. выполнен гистологический анализ (с морфометрией) дистальных отделов обеих бедренных костей.Результаты: через 3 нед. после операции высота кости с блокированием была сниженной в латеральном и медиальном отделах в 2,06 и 1,98 раза (p, Для лікування помірної різниці (2–6 см) довжини нижніх кінцівок у дітей використовують тимчасове блокування наросткової зони (НЗ або епіфізарний хрящ) пластинами з гвинтами.Мета: дослідити морфологічні зміни НЗ дистального відділу стегнової кістки кроликів в умовах її двобічного блокування неблокованими пластинами з гвинтами.Методи: блокували дистальну НЗ правої стегнової кістки 9 кроликів у віці 8 тижнів. Через 3, 5 і 7 тижнів виконаний гістологічний аналіз (з морфометрією) дистальних відділів обох стегнових кісток.Результати: через 3 тижні після операції висота кістки з блокуванням була зниженою в латеральному та медіальному відділах у 2,06 і 1,98 разу (p
- Published
- 2023
43. The Musculoskeletal System and Human Movement
- Author
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Lynne Newton Triggs and Jean Rogers
- Subjects
Standard anatomical position ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Movement (music) ,business.industry ,Cartilage ,medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Skeleton (computer programming) ,Skeletal growth - Published
- 2022
44. Salivary Gland Pathology
- Author
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Markus S. Hill, Robert M. Laughlin, Christopher J. Haggerty, Billy Turley, Vincent Slovan, and Michael Grau
- Subjects
Salivary gland pathology ,Sialodochoplasty ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sialolithectomy ,business.industry ,Pain medication ,Lower lip ,medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,business ,Surgery - Published
- 2022
45. Possible protective and curative effects of selenium nanoparticles on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model
- Author
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A S Essawy, W A Elfakharany, and M M Safwat
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,biology ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Urology ,Lumen (anatomy) ,Hyperplasia ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ,Prostate-specific antigen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Stroma ,Prostate ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Immunohistochemistry ,Anatomy ,business ,Testosterone - Abstract
Background: Men over the age of 40 are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is characterized by proliferation of the prostatic epithelium and stroma. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), is an essential metalloid mineral and antioxidant. In this study, SeNPs were tested for their potential protective and curative impacts on BPH in rats. Materials and methods: 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (Control group); Group II (Orchiectomized group): bilateral orchiectomy was conducted on rats; Group III (BPH group): testosterone (TE) enanthate injection was used to induce BPH; Group IV (Protective group): rats were given SeNP before subjecting rats to BPH; Group V (Curative group): rats were succumbed to BPH, followed by administration of SeNP. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and TE in serum was performed and prostates were weighed and prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination. Results: In the BPH group, serum TE- and PSA-levels, as well as prostate weight, increased significantly and significant decreases in the protective and curative groups. Reduced acinar lumen, expansion of stroma and epithelial hyperplasia were noticed in the BPH group, which were ameliorated significantly both in protective and curative groups. There was an increase in PCNA immunoreaction in the BPH group and a decrease in both the protective and curative groups. On TEM of BPH group, the nuclei appeared irregular with dilated endoplasmic reticulum, loss of cell boundaries and apical microvilli. The protective group showed more improvement than the curative group. Conclusions: The effects of SeNPs on BPH induced by TE in rats, were both protective and curative, although the protective effects were more pronounced.
- Published
- 2022
46. Superficial lymphatic drainage of the vulva and its relation to the regional nodes: an experimental study
- Author
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D Pavlista and O Eliska
- Subjects
Histology ,Vulvar Neoplasms ,Groin ,Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Great saphenous vein ,Anatomy ,Vulvar cancer ,Sentinel node ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Vulva ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lymphatic system ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Lymph Nodes ,Lymph ,business ,Lymph node ,Lymphatic Vessels - Abstract
Background Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer is associated with much less morbidity than inguinofemoral node dissection. Our study focused on describing the morphology of superficial lymphatic drainage of the vulva and its relationship to regional nodes, which may facilitate orientation during surgery. Materials and methods In 24 female cadavers, injections of patent blue (at various localizations mediallyunilaterally and bilaterally) were used to visualize the lymphatic drainage of the vulva. After dissection of lymphatic vessels and nodes, their course was documented by photograph and then analyzed. Subsequently, a map of vulvar superficial lymphatics was created. Results The cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the vulva primarily drained to superficial inguinal nodes. There was no evidence of a solitary lymph node that drained the unilateral vulva. Each area of the vulva drained to its own lymph node, which was variably localized in the subcutaneous groin around the great saphenous vein. Anastomoses between individual inguinal superficial lymph nodes are likely. Right-left symmetry in the course of lymphatic collectors was not detected. Natural drainage of the medial and paramedial areas to contralateral inguinal nodes was also not detected. The drainage pattern to ipsilateral inguinal nodes was consistent in cadavers without evidence of vulvar disease and may be applicable in the early stages of vulvar cancer. Conclusions There was no evidence of a solitary node that drained the unilateral vulva. Each part of the vulva may drain to a corresponding lymph node in a different localization of the groin. The surgeon should take this variability into account.
- Published
- 2022
47. Anatomical variations of the vascular supply of the cutaneous component of the serratus anterior myocutaneous flap: a systematic review
- Author
-
C. Gakis, Dimosthenis Chrysikos, G. Tsourouflis, Vassilios Protogerou, Theodoros Troupis, and Alexandros Samolis
- Subjects
Histology ,Vascular anatomy ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Anastomosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Blood supply ,Serratus anterior myocutaneous flap ,business ,Intercostal arteries ,Vascular supply ,Perfusion ,Artery - Abstract
Although appealing from a reconstructive standpoint, the incorporation of the overlying skin in a serratus anterior muscle flap has not yet seen widespread use, due to considerations with its blood supply. In the present study, a systematic review of the literature has been performed, evaluating studies that investigated the vascular anatomy and variations of serratus anterior myocutaneous flap. The anatomy of the cutaneous blood supply, the size of the cutaneous territory, the design of the skin paddle and the reconstructive goals were analyzed. The results showed that the main blood supply originates from the intramuscular anastomoses between intercostal artery perforators and the serratus artery branch in the form of choke vessels. Complementary perfusion from true intramuscular vessel anastomoses or from direct serratus artery cutaneous perforators could contribute to the skin blood supply but only in 25% of the cases. The design of the flap is elliptical with its long axis over the harvested muscle slips and maximum width is approximately 6-8 cm. Α myocutaneous serratus anterior flap could be applied in a variety of reconstructive fields, most commonly for head and neck defects. A delay procedure would considerably enhance the perfusion of the cutaneous component and improve the overall viability of the flap.
- Published
- 2022
48. Persistent sciatic vein
- Author
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U S Söztanacı, M Büyükertan, and H A Balcıoğlu
- Subjects
Male ,Histology ,Adductor magnus muscle ,Vascular Malformations ,business.industry ,Deep vein ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Thrombosis ,Veins ,Dissection ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Thigh ,Lower Extremity ,Cadaver ,Popliteal vein ,Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,Vein - Abstract
Background: Venous anomalies of the lower extremity are a challenge when found as rare variations. Physicians should be aware of morphological variations in this region for correct diagnosis and management of diseases such as deep vein thrombosis. Materials and methods: During the routine dissection of the lower extremities of a Caucasian male cadaver, a case of persistent sciatic vein was found. Results: A persistent sciatic vein originating from the saphenopopliteal junction coursed proximally and laterally to enter into the adductor magnus muscle, at the right side. Running through the fibers of the adductor magnus anteriorly, the variant vein drained into the deep femoral vein just medial to the vastus medialis muscle. Conclusions: As being a rare congenital vascular anomaly, the persistent sciatic vein should be correctly diagnosed and defined during the radiologic assessments, surgical interventions and blockades for better outcomes and lesser complications.
- Published
- 2022
49. Periodontal ligament regulatory role in experimental diabetic rat model of periodontium remodelling
- Author
-
Gorazd Drevenšek, A. Petrović, Milena Trandafilović, Martina Drevenšek, and A. Plut
- Subjects
Periodontium ,Molar ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Periodontal Ligament ,business.industry ,Dentistry ,Stimulation ,Type 2 diabetes ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Tooth root ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Periodontal fiber ,Histopathology ,Rats, Wistar ,Anatomy ,business - Abstract
Background: Diabetes, among multiple systemic harmful health issues, also may deteriorate normal regenerative and reparative functions of periodontium. The aim of this research was to study the role of periodontal ligament in tissue remodeling under the orthodontic appliance stimulation in two rat experimental models (healthy Wistar rats and Goto-Kakizaki, rodent model of non-obese type 2 diabetes). Materials and methods: It was defined four groups of rats: Wistar (n = 8) and Goto-Kakizaki (n = 8) control groups without orthodontic appliances, and Wistar (n = 16) and Goto-Kakizaki (n = 16) appliance groups with orthodontic appliances. After 42 days, rats were sacrificed and histopathology descriptive analysis about periodontal ligament and adjacent structures was performed as well as cellularity of periodontal ligament and Kappa curvature of tooth roots were measured. Results: Goto-Kakizaki control rats showed statistically significantly higher cellularity in comparison with Wistar control rats (p
- Published
- 2022
50. A unique case of extrarenal calyces and associated vascular variations in an adult female cadaver
- Author
-
Yun Tan, Shivika Ahuja, N Maglasang, and Daniel T. Daly
- Subjects
Adult ,Histology ,Kidney ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Inferior vena cava ,Renal Veins ,Kidney Calices ,Renal Artery ,medicine.artery ,Cadaver ,Humans ,Medicine ,Vascular Diseases ,Renal artery ,Hydronephrosis ,Aged, 80 and over ,Renal ectopia ,business.industry ,Abdominal aorta ,Horseshoe kidney ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.vein ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Renal vein ,business - Abstract
The following urogenital and vascular anomalies were observed in the left kidney of an 81-year-old female cadaver during routine dissection: three extrarenal calyces; an accessory renal artery originating directly from the abdominal aorta; and a circumaortic renal vein. The typical renal anatomical structures were identified, from anterior to posterior, as the renal vein, renal artery, and ureter appearing near the hilum of the left kidney. After closer examination, three extrarenal calyces were observed exiting from the hilum of the left kidney to form the pelvis, then narrowed and became the ureter which descended 21.5 cm to empty into the bladder. The accessory renal artery originated from the lateral aspect of the abdominal aorta 7.3 cm below the aortic origin of the left renal artery. A corresponding accessary renal vein, identified as a circumaortic vein, left the hilum 4.5 cm below the left renal vein and travelled posterior to the abdominal aorta to drain into the inferior vena cava. Extrarenal calyces are rare among urogenital tract variations. They can be associated with embryological abnormalities such as renal ectopia, horseshoe kidney or malrotation as well as clinical manifestations such as pelviureteric junction obstruction and hydronephrosis. Compression of the accessory renal artery can cause decreased blood flow to the inferior pole of the left kidney, thereby causing fibrosis, atrophy, or renal failure. The retro-aortic path of the circumaortic renal vein has been associated with posterior nutcracker phenomenon, haematuria, left renal vein thrombus formation, and renal vein hypertension. This unique combination of a collecting system anomaly and extrarenal vessel variations could have significant implications in abdominal surgery.
- Published
- 2022
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