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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as ações de pré-natal, desenvolvidas antes e depois da implantação do Projeto Cuidando do Futuro (PCF), no município de Bacabal, Maranhão, considerando os indicadores prevista na dimensão gestação saudável e segura. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida a partir de dados do Sistema de Acompanhamento do Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento, das gestantes que iniciaram e finalizaram a assistência pré-natal nos anos de 2009 e 2011, um ano antes da implantação do PCF e um ano após, respectivamente, tendo como base os indicadores de qualidade propostos, pelo PCF. Para estudar o indicador de mortalidade infantil utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informação de Nascido Vivo, sendo analisado pelo Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, utilizando a correlação de Pearson para comparação das variáveis em estudo. Observou-se que o número de gestantes que realizaram sete ou mais consultas passou de 1,2% para 14,7%, notando-se um aumento na realização do pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de 11,7% para 66,5%. Em relação aos exames laboratoriais, em 2009, 10% das gestantes realizaram todos os exames, tendo um acréscimo para 13% em 2011 e o número de gestantes imunizadas ampliou-se de 51,6% para 79%. Com todos esses indicadores melhorados, observou-se uma redução da mortalidade infantil. Conclui-se que o PCF, gerou impacto positivo nas ações de pré-natal, ajudando a reduzir as taxas de mortalidade infantil.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el clima de seguridad desde la perspectiva de los profesionales del equipo de enfermería que trabajan en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de dos hospitales en el interior del estado de Maranhao, Brasil, después de realizar un entrenamiento sobre la seguridad del paciente. Material y método: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo post-intervención que reclutó a 105 profesionales de enfermería que trabajaban en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de dos hospitales. Después de una capacitación sobre la seguridad del paciente se aplicó el Cuestionario de Actitudes de Seguridad (SAQ). Resultados: Las puntuaciones de cada dominio de SAQ en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de Açailândia e Imperatriz, respectivamente, fueron: clima de trabajo en equipo, 54,67 y 63,43; clima de seguridad, 57,25 y 53,99; satisfacción laboral, 81,67 y 80,59; percepción del estrés, 46,40 y 66,51; percepción de la gestión hospitalaria, 57,27 y 54,03; condiciones de trabajo, 57,27 y 51,02. En una escala con una puntuación máxima de 100 y una puntuación aceptable de 75, la puntuación final de la SAQ fue de 58,75 en Açailândia y 60,43 en Imperatriz, que se consideran bajas. Conclusión: Se identificaron deficiencias graves en el clima de seguridad con puntuaciones inferiores a 75 y la necesidad de aplicar eficazmente los protocolos de seguridad del paciente.

Diversity of production systems and specific socio-economic barriers are key reasons explaining why the implementation of new technologies in small ruminants, despite being needed and beneficial for farmers, is harder than in other livestock species. There are, however, helpful peculiarities where small ruminants are concerned: the compulsory use of electronic identification created a unique scenario in Europe in which all small ruminant breeding stock became searchable by appropriate sensing solutions, and the largest small ruminant population in the world is located in Asia, close to the areas producing new technologies. Notwithstanding, only a few research initiatives and literature reviews have addressed the development of new technologies in small ruminants. This Research Reflection focuses on small ruminants (with emphasis on dairy goats and sheep) and reviews in a non-exhaustive way the basic concepts, the currently available sensor solutions and the structure and elements needed for the implementation of sensor-based husbandry decision support. Finally, some examples of results obtained using several sensor solutions adapted from large animals or newly developed for small ruminants are discussed. Significant room for improvement is recognized and a large number of multiple-sensor solutions are expected to be developed in the relatively near future.

There is a growing number of companies expressing social concerns where environmental worries are also included. Even before legal obliga-tion of environmental disclosures, companies already used to adopt an active stance to safeguard their reputation. However, risk events may have negative impacts on companies’ legitimacy, making it necessary to implement strategies to repair/recover the damaged reputation. This study analyses the annual reports from 2001 to 2011 of the largest Por-tuguese oil company - Galp Energia - in the view of the occurrence of negative events, which, consequently, may have affected the company's reputation. Empirically, legitimacy theory can explain the implementa-tion of strategies to repair reputation. Within this context, most of the existing research is based on common-law countries, with little literature grounded on code-law countries, such as Portugal. Findings have shown that Galp Energia has great concerns about the external perception of society. The company acts immediately after risk events, implementing strategies to minimise the risk impact, especially through the use of cor-rective actions. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Sixteen Murciano-Granadina dairy goats, provided with wireless rumen sensors for pH and temperature, were used to assess the rumen environment variations produced by extreme forage to concentrate diets (experiment 1) and climatic conditions (experiment 2). To avoid the interference of feed intake, goats were fed at maintenance level. Rumen sensors were inserted by surgery and programmed to collect and store rumen pH and temperature every 30min. In experiment 1, 8 dry goats (38.6±2.3kg of body weight) in tiestalls were divided into 2 groups and fed at maintenance level with 2 diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio [high forage (HF) 70:30; low forage (LF) 30:70] according to a crossover design. Diets were offered once daily for 4h and tap water (4 L, 9.8±0.4°C) was offered for only 30min at 6h after feeding. Rectal temperatures were recorded 3 times during the day. Rumen pH fell immediately after feeding, reaching a nadir depending on the diet (HF=6.35±0.07 at 11h after feeding; LF=6.07±0.07 at 6h after feeding) and being on average greater (0.31±0.06) in HF than LF goats. No diet effects were detected in rectal (38.2±0.1°C) and ruminal (38.9±0.1°C) mean temperatures, which were positively correlated. Rumen temperature dramatically changed by feeding (1.4±0.1°C) and drinking (−3.4±0.1°C), and 2h were necessary to return to the fasting value (38.2±0.1°C). In experiment 2, 8 dry goats (43.9±1.0kg of body weight) were kept in metabolic cages, fed a 50:50 diet and exposed to 2 climatic conditions following a crossover design. Conditions were thermoneutral (TN; 20 to 23°C day-night) and heat stress (HS; 12-h day at 37°C and 12-h night at 30°C). Humidity (40±5%) and photoperiod (light-dark, 12–12h) were similar. Goats were fed at maintenance level, the feed being offered once daily and water at ambient temperature was freely available. Intake, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were recorded 3 times daily. Despite no differing in dry matter intake, rumen pH was lower in HS than in TN goats (−0.12±0.04). On the contrary, rumen temperature (0.3±0.1°C), rectal temperature (0.4±0.1°C), respiratory rate (77±5 breaths/min), and water intake (3.2±0.7 L/d) had a greater increase in HS than TN, which might indicate an altered microbial fermentation under high temperature conditions. In conclusion, wireless bolus sensors proved to be a useful tool to monitor rumen pH and temperature as affected by different feeding and climatic conditions.

Current trends in the global milk market and the recent abolition of milk quotas have accelerated the trend of the European dairy industry towards larger farm sizes and higher-yielding animals. Dairy cows remain in focus, but there is a growing interest in other dairy species, whose milk is often directed to traditional and protected designation of origin and gourmet dairy products. The challenge for dairy farms in general is to achieve the best possible standards of animal health and welfare, together with high lactational performance and minimal environmental impact. For larger farms, this may need to be done with a much lower ratio of husbandry staff to animals. Recent engineering advances and the decreasing cost of electronic technologies has allowed the development of ‘sensing solutions’ that automatically collect data, such as physiological parameters, production measures and behavioural traits. Such data can potentially help the decision making process, enabling early detection of health or wellbeing problems in individual animals and hence the application of appropriate corrective husbandry practices. This review focuses on new knowledge and emerging developments in welfare biomarkers (e.g. stress and metabolic diseases), activity-based welfare assessment (e.g. oestrus and lameness detection) and sensors of temperature and pH (e.g. calving alert and rumen function) and their combination and integration into ‘smart’ husbandry support systems that will ensure optimum wellbeing for dairy animals and thereby maximise farm profitability. Use of novel sensors combined with new technologies for information handling and communication are expected to produce dramatic changes in traditional dairy farming systems.

Various address georeferencing (AG) tools are currently available. But little is known about the quality of each tool. Using data from the EPIPorto cohort we compared the most commonly used AG tools in terms of positional error (PE) and subjects' misclassification according to census tract socioeconomic status (SES), a widely used variable in epidemiologic studies. Participants of the EPIPorto cohort (n = 2427) were georeferenced using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Google Earth (GE). One hundred were randomly selected and georeferenced using three additional tools: 1) cadastral maps (gold-standard); 2) Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and 3) Google Earth, single and in a batch. Mean PE and the proportion of misclassified individuals were compared. Google Earth showed lower PE than GIS, but 10% of the addresses were imprecisely positioned. Thirty-eight, 27, 16 and 14% of the participants were located in the wrong census tract by GIS, GPS, GE (batch) and GE (single), respectively (p