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Nowadays computer network is a blessing to modern society due to its various features which are especially suitable for cloud computing, teleconferencing etc. A lot of information transmission is the basic criteria of these applications. Unfortunately, cyber attackers are active everywhere and they try to misuse this facility. Therefore, this information should be transmitted securely. Moreover, this information should be compressed for proper optimization of bandwidth of the transmitted medium. In this communication, we propose a novel method for compression and encryption of medical images using optical process which is suitable for secure teleconferencing. For our research work, we have used sinusoidal amplitude grating. Medical images are modulated with the help of high frequency grating frequency and variable orientation angle. As a result of modulation, three spectrums have been generated for each image. One spectrum is the FT of the image (center spectrum) and other two are sidebands. Out of these two sidebands, only one sideband of each image is taken for filtering as the sidebands of the image are symmetrical to each other. Inverse Fourier Transform is applied at specific zones to filter the output images. As only one sideband is used for image recovering, therefore this method is effective for teleconferencing in rural medical system using optimum bandwidth. We have used chosen ciphertext attack to prove the effectiveness of our method and we have proved that our system is secure.

High-resolution images are essential in many remote sensing applications such as weather prediction, deforestation, crop monitoring, land mapping, urban growth, etc. In these applications, it is necessary to use multiple high-resolution images for proper analysis. These images carry a lot of information; therefore, multiplexing plays an important role for efficient storage of the images. Hence, we provide an idea of multiplexing high-resolution images using amplitude grating. Initially, images are modulated with variable spatial frequencies and orientation angles followed by the addition of modulated spectrums to form a single spectrum plane. The resultant spectrum plane is filtered before transmission to eliminate noise. To optimize storage space, only a part of the filtered spectrum is transmitted. A pixel intensity graph is plotted to identify the location of maximum information of the images, which is required during the retrieval process. The quality of the output images is analyzed by peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measurement, and correlation coefficient methods. The entire work is done by simulation software, and we prove that our proposed multiplexing method is suitable for efficient storage of high-resolution images in remote sensing applications.

Introduction: Lymphedema is a symptom of morphologically or functionally insufficient lymph transport. There are several etiological factors damaging the lymphatic pathways. Infections and trauma of limb skin and deep tissues evoke reaction of peripheral lymphatics and lymph nodes [1]. Aim and Objective: To compare the “efficacy of pneumatic compression therapy (PCT), lymphatic drainage exercises and control group in patient with lower limb lymph edema. Methodology: Subject randomly assigned into three groups viz group A, B and C. Group A patients given Pneumatic Compression Therapy (PCT) and Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD). Group B given Lymphatic Drainage Exercises (LDE) and Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and Group C given Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) for lower limb lymph edema. All three groups were treated for four weeks.Results: The age, weight and height of subjects in groups A, B and C were compared by using analysis of variance. There was no significant difference found in age, weight and height in all 3 groups (P>0.05). But significant difference found at 3 to 4 weeks in all 3 groups. (P

A physically-based crystal plasticity framework for modeling irradiation growth and creep is interfaced with the finite element code ABAQUS to study the contact forces and the gap evolution between the spacer grid and the cladding tube as a function of irradiation in a representative section of a fuel rod assembly. Deformation mechanisms governing the gap opening are identified and correlated to the texture-dependent material response. In the absence of coolant flow-induced vibrations, these simulations predict the contribution of irradiation growth and creep to the gap opening between the cladding tube and the springs and dimples on the spacer grid. The simulated contact forces on the springs and dimples are compared to available experimental and modeling data. Various combinations of external loads are applied on the springs and dimples to simulate fuel rods in the interior and at the periphery of the fuel rod assembly. It is found that loading conditions representative (to a first order approximation) of fuel rods at the periphery show higher gap opening. This is in agreement with in-reactor data, where rod leakages due to the synergistic effects of gap opening and coolant flow-induced vibrations were generally found to occur at the periphery of the fuel rod assembly.

Developments in optical image processing have guided a new era in teleconferencing for medical research work. As medical images carry a great deal of information, image storage using minimal space, as well as image recovery, are important research areas for telemedicine services. In this chapter, a new scheme for storing and recovering multiple medical images using a sinusoidal amplitude grating has been proposed. In this scheme, all medical images are modulated separately using a high value of spatial grating frequency; in addition, the orientation angle of the grating is varied during this process. As a result of modulation, three spectra for each image are generated. All spectrum planes are added together to form a single spectrum plane. The entire spectrum plane is Gaussian filtered to eliminate speckle noise. For proper optimization of limited storage space and bandwidth requirements, we transmit only a part of the entire spectrum plane. An intensity graph was plotted to find the location of maximum image information. In the intensity graph, an inverse Fourier transform is applied around the peaks to retrieve the transmitted images. To maintain the quality of the output, information loss of images should be kept to the minimum possible during processing. To measure the quality of the output images, a conventional PSNR checking method was applied. The frequency of the grating should be high to avoid any aliasing problem. The main objective of this work is to provide efficient storage and quick transmission of medical images.

Compression of images is an important application in the field of satellite image processing as it is suitable for optimization of storage space and sharing over the Internet with optimum bandwidth. In our present communication, a new method for compression of satellite images using Butterworth low-pass filtering has been proposed. Initially, we have transformed the selected satellite image into frequency domain. By varying the cutoff frequency, satellite image has been filtered out. We have used three different cutoff frequencies to extract image from its spectrum. However, to get a reasonably good output, information loss of images should be minimized during compression. To measure the quality of the output images, PSNR values have been calculated in each case.

A reliable and accurate glacial monitoring system is being developed with the help of a UAV and high-resolution camera on board. GPS is another major part of system which will help to collect information on glacier melting using reflectrometry principle and complement the information of aerial view of the lake formed due to glacier melting. The information gathered in that way helps the existing human habitat in the vicinity of the glacial lake from Glacial lake Outburst Flood (GLOF), a serious event of North East Indian Himalayan region. The information gathered in that way and generated warning signal are then transmitted to android application which exploits the data for the real time monitoring of the glacier melting as well as increase of area of the lake formed due to glacier melting.

During this Covid - 19 pandemic situation, encryption of medical images takes a major role in medical information systems as well as in telemedicine. However according to government rule, it is essential to hide the information of the patients. Recent development in computer network enhances a lot of facilities in communication area. Unfortunately, hackers are misusing this facility and always try to attack on the transmitted information in insecure network. For secure transmission of medical images, it is essential to encrypt the information before transmitting. In this communication, we are going to present a novel approach of medical image encryption using cyclic coding. We have proved that it is quite difficult to decrypt the original information from encoded data in one common mode of attacking-chosen ciphertext attack. Moreover, we have proved the effectiveness of the encryption using correlation coefficients. Our proposed scheme is suitable for efficient encoding of multiple medical images.

Development of computer network creates many benefits in digital imaging area which is applicable in satellite imaging too. But this easy access provides virtually unprecedented opportunities to pirate copyrighted satellite images. Maintaining privacy and authenticity in satellite information is an essential requirement but unfortunately it is not possible to do this. It is sometime necessary to identify the copyright information of satellite images. In this case, digital watermarking may be a better tool for this identification. To form digital watermarking, we have to incorporate a special bit pattern into the main information which is useful to identify proper users. In the proposed scheme, a novel method of watermarking application using alpha blending has been discussed. For our research work, we have selected color satellite image which are watermarked with variable values of alpha. Before watermarking, we have filtered the satellite image as well as the cover image using Gauss filtering. As a result of filtering, noise has been eliminated from both the images. The pixel modification has been performed during processing with alpha blending on red, green and blue planes respectively. Using proper value of alpha, original satellite image can be retrieved from the digital watermarked image. We have used conventional quality checking method, PSNR, to analyze the quality of the retrieved image. Applying some post-processing work, this can be used in steganography process of satellite image.

Recent developments in the areas of image processing have guided a new paradigm for research work in communication of images over the internet. Hence, secure storage and retrieval of digital images is a demanding task for future communication services. A scheme to securely store and encrypt multiple images using sinusoidal phase grating is highlighted. In the proposed scheme, images are modulated using different spatial frequencies and orientation angles. In addition, images have been encrypted using random phase mask after filtering. In order to avoid any human intervention in the system, an intensity graph is plotted to retrieve the images by applying inverse Fourier transform. Using this method, it is possible to independently store, encrypt, and retrieve multiple images due to absence of aliasing problem.

Development of computer networking generates many benefits in cyber world. Due to this great advancement, nowadays networking facilities are available at very low cost. But unfortunately this easy access becomes a threat to information security. Watermarking is a technique that is very often used in image processing to trace copyrighted products. It can also be used to trace products which are illegally distributed without permission. In our research work, a new technique for invisible watermarking of images using alpha blending has been proposed. Alpha blending is used to display an alpha bitmap and an alpha bitmap is that one which has transparent and semi-transparent pixels. We have worked on color image and gray scale image. Gray scale image is used as watermark image which is kept hidden in the main scale image by different values of alpha in alpha blending method. This technique is actually done on each plane of the color image. The resulting image contains the information of color image and gray scale images but the main image is unseen to others. PSNR values are also calculated to check the robustness of the reconstructed image. Applying some post-processing work, this can be used in image steganography also.