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Resumen Fundamento y objetivo La litiasis renal es una de las enfermedades urologicas mas importantes. Parece estar relacionada con factores sociodemograficos y climaticos, estilos de vida y comorbilidad preexistente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relacion entre variables sociodemograficas, ciertos factores de riesgo y enfermedades cronicas, y la litiasis renal. Pacientes y metodo Se realizo un estudio transversal, seleccionando a poblacion espanola de 40 a 65 anos, combinando 2 muestras aleatorias (PreLiRenA y PreLiRenE). Los datos fueron recogidos por encuestas telefonicas personales, recopilando informacion sobre variables sociodemograficas y la morbilidad percibida. Tambien se recogieron datos sobre las temperaturas medias anuales en cada region espanola. Se realizo un analisis bivariado y multivariado. Resultados Fueron encuestados 4.894 sujetos; el 51,3% eran mujeres; el 25% tenian entre 40 y 45 anos; el 36% tenian educacion primaria y el 31,4% eran de clase social baja. La prevalencia global de litiasis renal fue del 15,0% (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,5-15,5). Por medio del analisis multivariado, las variables que mostraron una fuerte relacion estadistica con la presencia de litiasis renal fueron: edad avanzada (61-65 anos, OR = 1,39; IC 95% 1,06-1,8), clase social alta (OR = 1,98; IC 95% 1,29-2,62), antecedentes familiares de litiasis renal (OR = 2,22; IC 95% 1,88-2,65), hipertension arterial (OR = 1,68; IC 95% 1,39-2,02) y sobrepeso/obesidad (OR = 1,31; IC 95% 1,12-1,54). Se observo una correlacion entre la litiasis renal y las temperaturas medias anuales en las regiones espanolas (r = 0,59; p = 0,013). Conclusiones Existe relacion entre litiasis renal y edad avanzada, pertenecer a clases sociales altas, existencia de antecedentes familiares de urolitiasis, y tener hipertension y sobrepeso/obesidad. La prevalencia de la litiasis renal es mayor en las zonas climaticas mas calidas.

Health professionals and students in training are key for early diagnosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness of Family Medicine (FM) residents and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate students in Spain regarding the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicenter study. Location: Teaching Units of FM of Cordoba and Ceuta and Schools of Medicine and Nursing of the Universities of Cordoba and Francisco de Vitoria of Madrid (Spain). Participants: residents of FM and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate Spanish students. Intervention: self-administered questionnaire to assess the awareness about the ECAC. A total of 651 subjects participated (52.4% [95% CI 48.5–56.2] Nursing students, 34% [95% CI 30.3–37.6] Medicine students, and 13.6% [95% CI 11.0–16.3] FM residents). Of the total subjects participated, 74.8% were women. Mean age: 22.34 years (standard deviation, 4.68; range, 18–52; 95% CI, 21.98–22.70). A total of 76.8% (95% CI 73.5–80.1) declared to be unaware of the ECAC. Those referring to be aware of the ECAC mainly knew it through degree subjects (7.5% [95% CI 5.5.5–9.6]). Residents of FM (p

Resumen Fundamento y objetivo La urolitiasis constituye una afeccion frecuente, cuya prevalencia se ha incrementado a nivel mundial. En Andalucia (Espana) el estudio PreLiRenA mostro una elevada prevalencia (16,4%; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,8-17,8) en poblacion de 40 a 65 anos, lo cual nos hizo cuestionarnos cual seria la situacion a nivel nacional. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de urolitiasis en la poblacion espanola de entre 40 y 65 anos. Pacientes y metodo Estudio observacional, transversal, mediante muestreo estratificado segun las regiones del pais, sexo y edad. Se realizaron un total de 2.444 entrevistas telefonicas mediante un cuestionario que incluia variables sociodemograficas y clinicas. Se realizo una estadistica descriptiva y bivariada, calculando las ratios de prevalencia (RP) con IC 95%. Resultados De los 2.444 sujetos entrevistados, el 51,2% (n = 1.251) eran mujeres. La prevalencia de urolitiasis fue del 14,6% (IC 95% 13,1-15,9), y la incidencia, del 2,9% (IC 95% 2,2-3,6). Se observaron diferencias significativas respecto a la edad, con una mayor prevalencia en pacientes de 46-50 anos (RP 1,58; IC 95% 1,12-2,21; p Conclusiones Se observa una elevada prevalencia de urolitiasis entre la poblacion espanola de 40 a 65 anos, sobre todo entre los sujetos de clase social superior y mediana edad, asi como una alta tasa de recurrencia.

Background: Family medicine (FM) residents and medical and nursing students play an important role in the development of preventive and health-promoting activities. Objective: To evaluate the health-related lifestyles and cancer-preventive behaviors of medical and nursing students and FM residents in relation to the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in Spain. Medical and nursing students, and FM residents completed a self-administered questionnaire focused on health-related habits and clinical behaviors related to the ECAC. Results: A total of 740 participants completed the questionnaire. 12.2% (95% CI [9.8–14.5]) were smokers and 77.3% (95% CI [74.3–80.3]) sporadically consumed alcohol; 34.2% (95% CI [30.8–37.6]) practiced physical activity 2–3 times a week, and 12.1% (95% CI [9.8–14.5]) were overweight or obese. 54.2% (95% CI [50.6–57.8]) regularly consumed vegetables. Differences were detected in the completion of screening tests for colorectal cancer (p < 0.001), breast cancer (p = 0.023), cervical cancer (p = 0.006), and prostate-specific antigen determination (p < 0.001) in relation to the participants’ academic profiles. Conclusion: Our results reveal heterogeneous practices between the participants in terms of health-related habits. Awareness about the risks of smoking and being overweight were high, however, the perception of the risks associated with solar exposure and alcohol consumption was poor. There was general agreement upon the importance of performing screening tests for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, but there were discrepancies related to the need to perform the prostate cancer screening test. pre-print 322 KB

Objetivos Valorar las preferencias, la satisfaccion y el grado de participacion de los pacientes en el proceso de toma de decisiones con las enfermeras de los centros de salud. Metodo Se diseno un estudio observacional descriptivo con un enfoque metodologico mixto cualicuantitativo, realizado con pacientes que utilizaron los servicios de enfermeria de nueve centros de salud de Andalucia. Tras ser atendidos, los pacientes fueron entrevistados, recogiendose sus opiniones y satisfaccion con el proceso de implicacion en la toma de decisiones. Se llevo a cabo un analisis estadistico descriptivo, y para comprobar la existencia de diferencias entre las respuestas a las preguntas cerradas y las abiertas agrupadas del cuestionario, se utilizo el test de la ?2 (p

Urolithiasis is a common urologic condition with increasing incidence in the population worldwide. In Andalusia (Spain), the PreLiRenA study showed a high prevalence (16.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.8-17.8) of this condition in population aged between 40 and 65 years. The interesting results reported in that study encouraged us to further investigate the magnitude of this condition at a national level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years.This is an observational, cross-sectional, prevalence, stratified sampling study by Spanish region, sex and age. A total of 2,444 telephone interviews were conducted using a questionnaire that covered several sociodemographic and clinical variables. Bivariate, descriptive statistical study was performed. The prevalence ratio (PR) with the 95% CI was calculated.Of the 2,444 subjects interviewed, 51.2% (n=1,251) were women. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were 14.6% (95% CI 13.1-15.9) and 2.9% (95% CI 2.2-3.6), respectively. Significant differences were found by age, with a higher prevalence in 46-50 years (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12-2.21; P.001) and 61-65 years (PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.02-2.13), and upper-class subjects (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.07-2.86; P.024). Of respondents, 52.8% had experienced more than one episode of urolithiasis. A total of 46.9% passed the calculus spontaneously, and 51.1% were diagnosed in the Emergency Unit.The prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years is high; especially among upper-class subjects and in middle-aged. A high recurrence rate is also observed.

Background Preventive strategies are the most effective approach for dealing with issues of substance abuse, particularly in teenagers. Such strategies adapt well to this target population. Our objective was to reveal the opinions and beliefs held by teenagers about tobacco and alcohol as types of drugs, and their effects on health. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire based on the World Health Organization “Health Behaviour of School-aged Children” study. Our sample included 1,005 schoolchildren aged between 11 and 13 years, resident in the province of Córdoba in Spain. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed using a chi-squared test. Results Of respondents, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.2–27.6%) and 61% (95% CI: 58.0–64.1%), respectively, did not consider tobacco or alcohol to be drugs. No relationship was found between tobacco and alcohol use, and the belief that these are drugs (p = 0.477 and p = 0.217, respectively). A total 98.2% of adolescents surveyed (95% CI: 97.3–99.1%) believed that tobacco causes physical damage, mainly to the lungs, heart, and to the developing fetus. Additionally, 92.4% (95% CI: 90.6–94.0%) believed that alcohol is detrimental to health and identified the liver as the organ most frequently damaged by alcohol consumption. The media was identified as the main source of information about these substances by 78.0% of respondents (95% CI: 75.4–80.6%). Conclusions Teenagers possess an acceptable level of knowledge and information about the negative effects of tobacco and alcohol on health; however, many of them do not consider these substances to be drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1417-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Objetivos: Medir la satisfacción relacionada con aspectos técnicos y comunicativos de los usuarios de consulta de Enfermería en Atención Primaria. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado con pacientes usuarios del Servicio de Enfermería de los Centros de Salud (CCSS) de Córdoba y provincia. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados utilizando dos tipos de preguntas, cerradas y abiertas que recogían sus opiniones y satisfacción en dominios comunicacionales como la relación enfermera-paciente, la información recibida o el tiempo empleado; así como los procedimientos utilizados. Análisis descriptivo e inferencial (Test de Ji-cuadrado; p

Fundamento: Diferentes aspectos de la relación medico-paciente se han asociado con la satisfacción y otros resultados de la consulta, pero el "efecto techo" suele limitar estas mediciones. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar la relación y las diferencias entre tres modos de obtención de información referentes a la satisfacción del paciente y la percepción de necesidades no cubiertas en aspectos comunicativos con el médico. Métodos: Estudio observacional-descriptivo. Muestreo sistemático: 658 usuarios que acudieron a 97 médicos de familia en 58 centros de salud en 4 provincias. Por entrevista se indagó la percepción de los usuarios sobre cuatro facetas comunicativas (aspectos formales de la relación, facilidad para exponer motivo de consulta, información recibida sobre causas y acciones), mediante tres tipos diferentes de preguntas. Análisis descriptivo e inferencial (test de Fisher). Resultados: Respondieron 658 pacientes. Edad media: 52 años (DT:17,4; IC95%: 50,6-53,3 años), 401 (62%) mujeres (IC95%: 58,7-66,4%). Los sujetos dicen sentirse satisfechos con: relación con su médico: 99,7% (IC95%: 98,8-99,9%), posibilidad exponer motivo de consulta: 96,0% (IC95%: 94,4-97,7%), información recibida sobre causas: 96,2% (IC95%: 89,9- 94,3%), y sobre acción terapéutica: 97,9% (IC95%:96,7-99,1%). Las personas insatisfechas o muy insatisfechas responden a más preguntas adicionales (p