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PURPOSE This study aims to explore the barriers that adult patients with hematologic neoplasms experience when seeking psychosocial support. METHODS A descriptive qualitative approach was used to investigate the experiences of patients with hematologic neoplasms. Face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted between June and October 2020 with 17 patients diagnosed with hematologic neoplasms. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the essential themes. RESULTS Seventeen patients aged 28-67 years completed the interviews. Two themes and six subthemes were identified that describe barriers to seeking psychosocial support. Internal barriers included limited communication, negative emotions, social avoidance, and focusing on treatment rather than psychosocial needs; external barriers included traditional cultural influences and lack of professional support. CONCLUSIONS Significant others were the key source for psychosocial support for patients with hematologic neoplasms. Tackling diverse barriers to accessing psychosocial support remains a challenge for these patients. Healthcare providers should continually assess and provide effective support.

PURPOSE The treatment and side effects of chemotherapy for acute leukaemia (AL) may cause both physical and psychological symptoms in patients. This study evaluated the effects of a WeChat-based multimodal psychoeducational intervention (ICARE programme) on fatigue, distress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) among adult AL patients. METHODS In total, 72 participants were randomly assigned either to an intervention or control group (n = 36), respectively, from two large tertiary hospitals in Fuzhou, China (from April to December 2019). Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and after a 4-week follow-up using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Distress Thermometer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-leukaemia. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and a linear mixed model was used to analyse the score changes. RESULTS Between the two groups, there were statistically significant improvements in fatigue, distress, anxiety, depression, physical well-being, social/family well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being (all p

PurposeThis paper explores the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a tourism recovery drawcard to boost China's inbound tourism after COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employed a mixed method involving a cross-disciplinary literature review along with reflections from experts in TCM and health communication to inform tourism management. Specifically, this paper examines TCM and its potential benefits as a medical tourism drawcard to combat COVID-19. The selected literature focusses on the image and merits of TCM to frame how this medical philosophy can be used to position China as a tourist destination. Reflections on the use of TCM as a tourism marketing tool can guide promotional strategies from the Chinese government and destination managers during and after COVID-19.FindingsThe Chinese government, the tourism industry (e.g. destination managers), the media and tourists must focus on three aspects of the role of TCM: to provide medical benefits to travellers amid COVID-19 and beyond, elevate China as a destination for global medical tourists and be leveraged as a tool for economic recovery.Practical implicationsThe paper builds a tourism recovery framework for stakeholders to adopt tailored TCM communication strategies to boost its inbound tourism programme.Originality/valueThis paper is the first academic paper to review TCM comprehensively and critically in relation to China tourism and post-COVID-19 recovery measures.

To evaluate potential effects and satisfaction of dignity therapy among patients with hematologic neoplasms in the Chinese cultural context. Sixty-six patients with hematologic neoplasms were randomly assigned into either a dignity therapy group (N = 32) or control group (N = 34). The primary outcomes were level of hope and spiritual well-being, as measured according to the Herth Hope Index and the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being, at baseline (T0), 1-week follow-up (T1), and 4-week follow-up (T2). Satisfaction with dignity therapy was assessed using a 5-grade marking system at T1. Among the 66 participants, 61 remained at 1-week follow-up and 57 remained at 4-week follow-up. Group differences were found in the total score and the scores of each dimension of spiritual well-being and level of hope at T1 and T2 (p

Summary The extension of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials into optoelectronic applications beyond photocatalysis has long been anticipated due to their non-metallic composition, moderate electronic band gap, and excellent stability. However, large-scale synthesis of uniform two-dimensional (2D) g-CN films with high crystallinity and tunable thickness remains the bottleneck for their future applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, a vapor-phase transport-assisted condensation method has been developed for the wafer-scale synthesis of uniform 2D g-CN films with tunable thickness. First-principle calculations indicate the direct condensation from melem to heptazine-based carbon nitride enables the formation of high-quality g-CN films. A facile water-assisted transfer strategy is developed for subsequent fabrication on arbitrary substrate. A free-standing flexible photodetector array with strain-insensitive responsibility is demonstrated with the g-CN films as imaging pixels. This study provides a convenient route to wafer-scale growth of high-quality 2D g-CN films and paves the way to the g-CN-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization Problem (DMOP) is emerging in recent years as a major real-world optimization problem receiving considerable attention. Tracking the movement of Pareto front efficiently and effectively over time has been a central issue in solving DMOPs. In this paper, a reinforcement learning-based dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, called RL-DMOEA, which seamlessly integrates reinforcement learning framework and three change response mechanisms, is proposed for solving DMOPs. The proposed algorithm relocates the individuals based on the severity degree of environmental changes, which is estimated through the corresponding changes in the objective space of their decision variables. When identifying different severity degree of environmental changes, the proposed RL-DMOEA approach can learn better evolutionary behaviors from environment information, based on which apply the appropriate response mechanisms. Specifically, these change response mechanisms including the knee-based prediction, center-based prediction and indicator-based local search, are devised to promote both convergence and diversity of the algorithm under different severity of environmental changes. To verify this idea, the proposed RL-DMOEA is evaluated on CEC 2015 test problems involving various problem characteristics. Empirical studies on chosen state-of-the-art designs validate that the proposed RL-DMOEA is effective in addressing the DMOPs.

Inorganic lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) NWs (NWs) have been employed in lasers due to their intriguing attributes of tunable wavelength, low threshold, superior stability, and easy preparation. However, current CsPbX3 NW lasers usually work in a multi-mode modal, impeding their practical applications in optical communication due to the associated false signaling. In this work, high-performance single-mode lasing has been demonstrated by designing and fabricating coupled cavities in the high-quality single-crystal CsPbBr3 NWs via the focused ion beam (FIB) milling approach. The single-mode laser shows a threshold of 20.1 μJ cm-2 and a high quality factor of ∼2800 profiting from the Vernier effect, as demonstrated by the experiments and finite-different time-domain (FDTD) simulations. These results demonstrate the promising potentials of the CsPbX3 NW lasers in optical communication and integrated optoelectronic devices.

This study investigated the potential benefit of a pilot culturally sensitive group support intervention, named Joy Luck Academy (JLA), in fostering posttraumatic growth among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Eighty-six Chinese American breast cancer survivors participated in an eight-week single-arm pre-/post-test trial of an intervention program, which included educational lectures and peer mentor support. The JLA participants were compared with an independent sample of 109 Chinese American breast cancer survivors who went through routine care. Both groups completed baseline and eight-week follow-up assessments of the five facets of posttraumatic growth (meaningful interpersonal relationships, finding new possibilities in life, personal strength, appreciation of life, and spirituality). From baseline to follow-up, the JLA participants displayed significant improvements in the total score of posttraumatic growth (d = 0.44, 95% CI: 3.64 to 11.17), meaningful interpersonal relationships (d = 0.44, 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.81), appreciation of life (d = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.60), finding new possibilities in life (d = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.92 to 3.06), and personal strength (d = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.54 to 2.23). In contrast, the routine care participants showed no significant change in any of these outcome variables (all p > .05, d < 0.2). The findings suggest the potential benefit of a culturally sensitive group support intervention in facilitating posttraumatic growth for Chinese American breast cancer survivors, indicating the need for a randomized controlled trial. The educational lectures and peer mentor support may be adapted to tailor the needs of other ethnic minority cancer patients.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have electronic and optoelectronic properties that make them appealing in many device applications1–4. Although many approaches focus on polycrystalline materials5–7, single-crystal hybrid perovskites show improved carrier transport and enhanced stability over their polycrystalline counterparts, due to their orientation-dependent transport behaviour8–10 and lower defect concentrations11,12. However, the fabrication of single-crystal hybrid perovskites, and controlling their morphology and composition, are challenging12. Here we report a solution-based lithography-assisted epitaxial-growth-and-transfer method for fabricating single-crystal hybrid perovskites on arbitrary substrates, with precise control of their thickness (from about 600 nanometres to about 100 micrometres), area (continuous thin films up to about 5.5 centimetres by 5.5 centimetres), and composition gradient in the thickness direction (for example, from methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3, to MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3). The transferred single-crystal hybrid perovskites are of comparable quality to those directly grown on epitaxial substrates, and are mechanically flexible depending on the thickness. Lead–tin gradient alloying allows the formation of a graded electronic bandgap, which increases the carrier mobility and impedes carrier recombination. Devices based on these single-crystal hybrid perovskites show not only high stability against various degradation factors but also good performance (for example, solar cells based on lead–tin-gradient structures with an average efficiency of 18.77 per cent). A solution-based lithography-assisted epitaxial-growth-and-transfer method is used to fabricate single-crystal hybrid perovskites on any surface, with precise control of the thickness, area and chemical composition gradient.

Objectives: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CARE) is beneficial for improving renal function. To confirm this, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of CARE on renal function in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Date sources: The last date of search was 22 February 2020. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wangfang, Journal Integration Platform (VIP)) for articles of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Methods: We used the Cochrane tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist to assess randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials, respectively. Result: A total of 12 studies and 745 patients were included. Compared with usual care or no exercise, CARE resulted in a significant improvement in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (between-group analysis: mean difference (MD) =5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37 to 7.65; within-group analysis: MD = 3.01, 95% CI: 0.86 to 5.16). The serum creatinine levels also showed a significant improvement after CARE (between-group analysis: MD = −8.57, 95% CI: −13.71 to −3.43; within-group analysis: MD = −6.33, 95% CI: −10.23 to −2.44). Patients who performed CARE also demonstrated a decline in the blood pressure in the within-group analysis (systolic blood pressure: MD = −5.24, 95% CI: −7.93 to −2.54; diastolic blood pressure: MD = −3.63, 95% CI: −5.35 to −1.91). However, there were no significant differences in proteinuria, lipid levels, physical composition, and quality of life. Conclusion: The study results support the concept that CARE intervention improves renal function. It provides strong evidence for guiding clinical decisions and implementing renal rehabilitation exercises.

Aim. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and synthesize available evidence for the effects of somatic acupoint stimulation (SAS) on cancer-related sleep disturbance in adults with cancer. Methods. Nine databases and four clinical trial registries were searched from their inception to July 2019 to identify potential articles and registered trials. Two authors independently extracted data and appraised the methodological quality of the included studies. The included studies could not be subjected to meta-analysis due to the significant variations in SAS intervention protocols and outcome measurement instruments. This systematic review therefore reported the results of the included trials narratively. Results. Seven studies were identified, which involved 906 cancer patients. SAS protocols varied across trials without an optimal evidence-based standard intervention protocol to manage cancer-related sleep disturbance. Sanyinjiao (SP6) was the most commonly selected acupoint. Manual acupuncture was typically 15–30 min in duration and was conducted once a day or once a week for a period of 1–5 weeks, whereas self-administered acupressure was typically 1–3 min in duration per point and was conducted once a day, such as during night time before going to bed, for a period of 1–5 months. The results indicated that SAS could potentially relieve cancer-related sleep disturbance and improve quality of life. Mild adverse effects were reported in three of the included studies, but none of them performed a causality analysis to clarify the association between the reported adverse events and the intervention. Conclusions. This systematic review showed that SAS is a useful approach to relieving cancer-related sleep disturbance. However, research evidence on SAS for managing cancer-related sleep disturbance has not been fully conclusive due to the limited number of existing clinical studies with relatively small sample size and suboptimal methodological quality. Clinical trials with large sample size and robust methodology are warranted in future research.

To systematically review evidence regarding the benefits of Internet-based psycho-educational interventions among cancer patients. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis and qualitative evidence synthesis. Systematic searches for published studies in English or Chinese identified eligible randomized and clinical controlled trials. The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Proquest Digital Dissertations, Foreign Medical Retrieval System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Wanfang Database, and Taiwanese Airiti Library. We also searched the gray literature and reviewed reference lists from relevant articles. Studies were scored for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Seven eligible studies (1220 participants) were identified that used three intervention tools: website programs (n = 5), e-mail counseling (n = 1), and a single-session psycho-educational intervention (n = 1). The quality of all studies was moderate. The meta-analysis showed that Internet-based psycho-educational interventions had a significant effect on decreasing depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) − 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) (− 1.12, − 0.03), p = 0.04) and fatigue (mean difference (MD) − 9.83, 95% CI (− 14.63, − 5.03), p

Strain engineering is a powerful tool with which to enhance semiconductor device performance1,2. Halide perovskites have shown great promise in device applications owing to their remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties3–5. Although applying strain to halide perovskites has been frequently attempted, including using hydrostatic pressurization6–8, electrostriction9, annealing10–12, van der Waals force13, thermal expansion mismatch14, and heat-induced substrate phase transition15, the controllable and device-compatible strain engineering of halide perovskites by chemical epitaxy remains a challenge, owing to the absence of suitable lattice-mismatched epitaxial substrates. Here we report the strained epitaxial growth of halide perovskite single-crystal thin films on lattice-mismatched halide perovskite substrates. We investigated strain engineering of α-formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) using both experimental techniques and theoretical calculations. By tailoring the substrate composition—and therefore its lattice parameter—a compressive strain as high as 2.4 per cent is applied to the epitaxial α-FAPbI3 thin film. We demonstrate that this strain effectively changes the crystal structure, reduces the bandgap and increases the hole mobility of α-FAPbI3. Strained epitaxy is also shown to have a substantial stabilization effect on the α-FAPbI3 phase owing to the synergistic effects of epitaxial stabilization and strain neutralization. As an example, strain engineering is applied to enhance the performance of an α-FAPbI3-based photodetector. A method of deposition of mixed-cation hybrid perovskite films as lattice-mismatched substrates for an α-FAPbI3 film is described, giving strains of up to 2.4 per cent while also stabilizing the metastable α-FAPbI3 phase for several hundred days.

Background: Serum amyloid A is an acute-phase protein. There is no available data regarding serum amyloid A levels in patients with acute (AU) and chronic urticaria (CU). Objective: To investigate the association between serum amyloid A and urticaria. Methods: This was a case-control study of 81 patients who visited our Hospital between June and December 2016 with a diagnosis of urticaria. Eighty healthy controls (HC) who visited for routine health examination and physical checkups were recruited. Serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels were measured by automated methods. Results: Serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in AU (Serum amyloid A: 207.1 (6.7-439.0) mg/L; C-reactive protein: 16.0 (0.2-90.0) mg/L) and CU (Serum amyloid A: 6.5 (2.5-35.8) mg/L; C-reactive protein: 1.0 (0.1-16.0) mg/L) compared with HC (Serum amyloid A: 5.04 (2.0-9.1) mg/L; C-reactive protein: 1.2 (0.1-5.6) mg/L), and in AU compared with CU (all P

Introduction The tremendous popularity of acupuncture in Australia demands continual safety assessment. This review aimed to determine the characteristics of acupuncture related adverse events, analyse their possible causes, and inform future research and practice. Methods Across 8 databases, all types of clinical trials, surveys, and case reports from 2012 to 2018 reporting adverse events associated with the use of acupuncture in Australia on human subjects were systematically reviewed. Types of acupuncture including manual acupuncture, electro acupuncture and laser acupuncture. Incidence and form of acupuncture related adverse events were the key outcomes of this study. In addition, the quality of adverse events reporting and the likelihood of causality were examined by two reviewers and checked by two experts specialised in acupuncture. Results The 17 analysed studies encompassed ten randomised controlled trials, two nonrandomised controlled trials, three uncontrolled clinical trials, and two case reports, with a total of 1160 participants receiving true acupuncture. Feelings of dizziness, fatigue and nausea were the most common adverse events identified in our review across all acupuncture modalities. Conclusions Acupuncture is generally a safe modality and serious adverse events after treatment are uncommon when supported with well-established guidelines and practiced by licensed, qualified practitioners.

Highlights Flexible Ag microparticle/MXene-based energy-harvesting films were fabricated via simple spraying and hot-pressing.Optimal film shows high conductivity and effective electro/photo-thermal abilities.It can be easy assembled single-electrode TENG and the output voltage is enhanced by assembled two triboelectrification layers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00729-w., Ultra-thin flexible films have attracted wide attention because of their excellent ductility and potential versatility. In particular, the energy-harvesting films (EHFs) have become a research hotspot because of the indispensability of power source in various devices. However, the design and fabrication of such films that can capture or transform different types of energy from environments for multiple usages remains a challenge. Herein, the multifunctional flexible EHFs with effective electro-/photo-thermal abilities are proposed by successive spraying Ag microparticles and MXene suspension between on waterborne polyurethane films, supplemented by a hot-pressing. The optimal coherent film exhibits a high electrical conductivity (1.17×104 S m−1), excellent Joule heating performance (121.3 °C) at 2 V, and outstanding photo-thermal performance (66.2 °C within 70 s under 100 mW cm−1). In addition, the EHFs-based single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) give short-circuit transferred charge of 38.9 nC, open circuit voltage of 114.7 V, and short circuit current of 0.82 μA. More interestingly, the output voltage of TENG can be further increased via constructing the double triboelectrification layers. The comprehensive ability for harvesting various energies of the EHFs promises their potential to satisfy the corresponding requirements. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00729-w.

Flexible and multifunctional textiles have potential applications in self-cleaning and portable electronic product applications, but the current problem that needs to be solved is to maintain their inherent breathability and flexibility while expanding other functional applications. Herein, we adopt the layer-by-layer assembly method to develop a multifunctional textile with superior asymmetric superhydrophobicity, excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, outstanding photothermal conversion, and solar water evaporation. The synergistic effect of SiO2 nanoparticles/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) endows the textile with a water contact angle of 160°. MXene provides high conductivity (1200 S/m) and EMI shielding effects (36 dB) for multifunctional textiles. In addition, the multifunctional textile exhibits excellent photothermal conversion, and satisfactory solar water evaporation efficiency (80%) and rate (1.22 kg/(m2 h)) under 1 sun. Therefore, the prepared multifunctional textile has great potential in multiscene applications.

To compare the anxiety, depression and explore their relationship to quality of life (QoL) among adult acute leukemia (AL) patients and family caregivers (FCs) in China. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2017 to January 2018. The sample comprised 207 dyads of adult AL patients and FCs. The participants were required to complete socio-demographic information and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia (FACT-Leu, only for patients) and MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36, only for FCs) were used to measure QoL. The mean scores of anxiety and depression for AL patients were 7.89 ± 3.85 and 7.18 ± 4.23, respectively. For FCs, the mean scores of anxiety and depression were 9.96 ± 3.73 and 8.64 ± 3.74. In this study, adult AL Patients’ sex, patients’ depression score, whether patients achieving a CR or not, education, FCs’ depression score, patients’ social/family well-being and emotional well-being were significantly associated with patients’ anxiety or depression (p

With the rapid expansion of wireless Internet services, the number of users in wireless communication systems has increased exponentially, which requires more spectrum and continuous bandwidth. Due to the current fixed spectrum access policy, the available spectrum is less and less, and a large number of spectrum is still not fully utilized. Dynamic spectrum management is an effective method to realize spectrum sharing, which can realize the effective utilization of spectrum resources. Cognitive radio network is the key technology to realize dynamic spectrum access. This paper studies the spectrum sharing method of cognitive satellite network, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the current dynamic spectrum access mechanism, and puts forward the spectrum sharing system of cognitive satellite network based on blockchain, which not only realizes the maximum utilization of spectrum, but also solves the security problem of dynamic spectrum access. The basic principle of this method are described in detail.

Real-time monitoring of plantar pressure has significant applications in wearable biosensors, sports injury detection, and early diagnostics. Herein, an all-in-one insole composed of 24 capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) with vertical pores in an elastic dielectric layer is fabricated by laser cutting. Optimized CPSs with a hexagonal configuration and a pore size of 600 μm possess good linearity over a wide detection range of 0–200 kPa with a sensitivity of 12 × 10–3 kPa−1. Then, a smart system including the all-in-one insole with the 24 CPS array, a data acquisition system with a wireless transmitter and a PC terminal with a wireless receiver is established for real-time monitoring to realize static and dynamic plantar pressure mapping. Based on this smart insole system, various standing and yoga postures can be distinguished, and variations in the center of gravity during walking can be recognized. This intelligent insole system provides great feasible supervision for health surveillance, injury prevention, and athlete training. A smart insole capable of monitoring a person’s gait could see use in wearable medicine, injury detection, or help to restore a healthy posture. Smart technologies capable of measuring physiological signals can help to monitor and improve human health. Recently, devices capable of mapping plantar pressure and distribution are seeing increasing use as predictors of a variety of health-related issues, such as exhausted running or walking, risk of slipping, or for detecting senile dementia. Led by Rongrong Bao from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a team of researchers has developed an insole that uses an array of capacitive pressure sensors to monitor real-time data from static postures, such as standing or yoga poses, or dynamic activities like walking. The insole could see use as a wearable biosensor, in sports injury detection, or for diagnosing diseases.

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate improvements in quality of life and psychological well-being among Chinese American breast cancer survivors who participated in a pilot community education and peer-mentor support program. METHODS. One hundred and twenty-nine Chinese American breast cancer survivors who recently completed treatment participated in eight cohorts of the program, Joy Luck Academy, which included weekly education and peer-mentor support sessions. The education sessions covered topics designed to help participants adjust to new life after breast cancer treatment. The peer-mentor support component was designed to provide social support. Quality of life and psychological well-being (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, and low and high-arousal positive and negative affect) were assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention. RESULTS. Paired-samples t-tests indicated improvements in quality of life, low and high-arousal positive affect, and reductions in depressive symptoms, anxiety, and low-arousal negative affect. CONCLUSION. Our findings suggest that a psychosocial group intervention may improve quality of life and psychological well-being among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Our intervention has the potential to be applied to other ethnic-minority cancer survivors. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Integrated satellite terrestrial network plays an increasingly important role in earth observation and space information warfare. Satellite network covers a wide range of areas and is the only means to provide Internet access and communication services in other areas. Routing research mostly focuses on the internal routing of satellite networks, without considering the integrated service requirements such as bandwidth and delay limited. This paper proposes a delay constraint routing algorithm based on contact plan(DCRM-CP). This algorithm establishes a contact plan topology map between satellite nodes, also known as contact plan list (CPL). Based on this CPL, a routing table can be established during routing search to meet the requirements of delay limitation service. Through simulation and analysis, compared with traditional routing algorithms, this algorithm improves the performance of satellite networks.

Recently, p-type metal–oxide–semiconductors have attracted considerable interests for the applications in optoelectronic devices and low-power complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits. In this report, ternary p-type CuAlxOy semiconductor thin films were fabricated by sol–gel method and integrated as channel layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs). The electrical performances of CuAlxOy TFTs, together with the characteristics of CuAlxOy thin films (e.g., crystalline phases, chemical compositions, surface morphology, and optical transmittances), were systematically studied at various annealing temperatures ( ${T}_{a}$ ). The phase-pure CuAlO2 thin films were obtained at ${T}_{a}$ above 800° C in N2 atmosphere. CuAlO2 TFTs annealed at 900 ° C based on high-k Al2O3 exhibited optimized electrical performance, including a hole mobility of 1.36 cm2/Vs and on/off current ratio of $\sim 1 \times 10^{\textsf {5}}$ . This paper not only demonstrates the successful fabrication of high-quality p-type CuAlO2 semiconductor thin film and electronic devices by sol–gel process but also provides guidelines for related ternary p-type oxide semiconductor material and device performance improvements.

Background Patients with acute leukaemia (AL) usually require prolonged periods of hospitalisation. The treatment and clinical symptoms may lead to patients’ supportive care needs (SCNs) not being met and impairs their quality of life (QoL). Studies on QoL and SCNs among AL patients are limited. This study aimed to identify the unmet SCNs and its relation to QoL of adult AL patients in China. Methods This multicentre cross-sectional study recruited 346 participants to complete a self-developed questionnaire, detailing demographic information and disease-related variables. A 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) was used to identify unmet SCNs, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukaemia (FACT-Leu) questionnaire measured patients’ QoL. Results Unmet SCN rates for the 34 items ranged from17.6 to 81.7%. Patients’ needs were high for health systems and information, but low in the sexual domain. The results reveal nine factors associated with the unmet SCNs of adult AL patients, including marital status, original residence, age, education, occupation, other diseases, chemotherapy course, disease course, and treatment stage (p p p p p p Conclusions Adult AL patients exhibit a high demand for unmet SCNs, especially in the domain of health systems and information. There was a significant association between patients’ unmet SCNs and QoL. Future research should develop tailored interventions to address the unmet SCNs of adult AL patients, to further improve their QoL.

Solving long-tail large vocabulary object detection with deep learning based models is a challenging and demanding task, which is however under-explored.In this work, we provide the first systematic analysis on the underperformance of state-of-the-art models in front of long-tail distribution. We find existing detection methods are unable to model few-shot classes when the dataset is extremely skewed, which can result in classifier imbalance in terms of parameter magnitude. Directly adapting long-tail classification models to detection frameworks can not solve this problem due to the intrinsic difference between detection and classification.In this work, we propose a novel balanced group softmax (BAGS) module for balancing the classifiers within the detection frameworks through group-wise training. It implicitly modulates the training process for the head and tail classes and ensures they are both sufficiently trained, without requiring any extra sampling for the instances from the tail classes.Extensive experiments on the very recent long-tail large vocabulary object recognition benchmark LVIS show that our proposed BAGS significantly improves the performance of detectors with various backbones and frameworks on both object detection and instance segmentation. It beats all state-of-the-art methods transferred from long-tail image classification and establishes new state-of-the-art.Code is available at https://github.com/FishYuLi/BalancedGroupSoftmax., CVPR 2020 (Oral). Code is available at https://github.com/FishYuLi/BalancedGroupSoftmax

Background Rehabilitation effects of exercise training on adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been generally recognised; however, the effects of exercise training on proteinuria have been underexplored. Our aim was to explore the effects of exercise training on proteinuria in adult CKD patients without renal replacement therapy. Methods Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies examining the effects of exercise training on proteinuria in adults CKD patients without renal replacement therapy were searched in 10 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, SPORTDiscus with full text, Web of Science, China Wan Fang Database, China National Knowledge Internet, China Science and Technology Journal Database) until June 2019. The quality of quasi-experimental studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for non-randomised experimental studies. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the RCT quality. Results We analysed 11 studies (623 participants). The 24-h urinary protein (24 h UP) level significantly decreased after exercise training in the within-group analysis (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.88). There was a slight decrease in 24 h UP levels in the between-group analysis (SMD, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.00 to 1.82); however, the subgroup analysis showed that the change was insignificant (RCT: SMD, 0.24; 95% CI, − 0.44 to 0.92; quasi-experimental studies: SMD, 2.50; 95% CI, − 1.22 to 6.23). Exercise resulted in no significant differences in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the between-group analysis (SMD, 0.06; 95% CI, − 0.54 to 0.67), but a significant decrease was found in the within-group analysis (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.38). No evidence of a decreased urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio was found after exercise (between-group analysis: SMD, 0.08 and 95% CI, − 0.33 to 0.48; within-group analysis: SMD, 0.04; 95% CI, − 0.25 to 0.32). Conclusion Exercise training does not aggravate proteinuria in adult CKD patients without renal replacement therapy. Further research is warranted in the future to determine the effectiveness of exercise training on proteinuria and to explore the mechanisms by which exercise training influences proteinuria.

Firefly algorithm (FA) is one of the swarm intelligence algorithms, which is proposed by Yang in 2008. The standard FA has some disadvantages, such as high computational time complexity, slow convergence speed and so on. The main reason is that FA employs a full attracted model, which makes the oscillation of each firefly during its movement. To overcome these disadvantages, based on elitist strategy, a randomly guided firefly algorithm (ERaFA) is proposed. In this algorithm, for improving the convergence speed, an elitist attraction model is developed based on random selection from elite fireflies, which can lead the firefly to a right direction. To deal with the possible failure of the elite guidance, opposite learning strategy is adopted. Meanwhile, to strengthen the local search ability of our algorithm, and help our algorithm jump out a local optimum position, a new mechanism is proposed, which is similar to the crossover operator in GA. The performance of ERaFA is evaluated by some well-known test functions and applied to solve three constrained engineering problems. The results show that ERaFA is superior to FA and some other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of the convergence speed and robustness.

A novel and effective system was developed for recycling cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass wastes. Initially, the combination of nanoscale Fe0 with ball milling promoted lead transfer that was strongly encapsulated in the glass inner structure to the surface of funnel glass and/or adhere to iron substance due to the collapse of Si O bonds. This condition enhanced the dissolution of lead in the acid solution. A high lead extraction rate of 97.8% from funnel glass was achieved through nitric acid leaching by optimizing the operational parameters (Fe0/funnel glass mass ratio, 0.5:1; ball milling time; 72 h). Subsequently, lead sulfate, iron hydroxides, and sodium nitrate were gradually recovered from the acid leachate by using three simple operations, namely, sulfation, alkali neutralization, and salt evaporation. Meanwhile, the leaching results of short-term toxicity characteristic leaching (TCLP) and long-term multiple extraction procedures (MEP) clearly demonstrated that the residual high silica products (after acid leaching) had no impact on the environment and could be used to synthesize high value-added zeolites as raw materials. With the addition of Al sources, the complete conversion of high silica residues into high crystalline zeolites with high cation exchange capacity value was realized by applying an alkaline fusion method during the hydrothermal treatment. Furthermore, lead, NO−3, and SO2−4 concentrations of the resulting drainage were considerably lower than the relevant standard for surface water quality. Therefore, the proposed recycling system provided an eco-friendly and feasible technique for complete reutilization of obsolete CRT funnel glass.

This paper examines whether and how business diversification affects financialization in non-financial corporations. Using data from the Chinese market, we find that business diversification strategy will significantly increase non-financial corporations' investment in financial assets. Furthermore, exacerbated agency problems, increased investment inefficiency and high operational risk are found to be the consequences of business diversification, which induce companies to hold high-risk financial assets. The impact of business diversification on financial investment is stronger in small-cap firms, SOEs, and firms with weak monitoring mechanisms. Finally, the diversification effect on corporate financialization is more significant where regional economic development and regulatory environment is weak.

This paper investigates the impact of retail attention on stock price crash risk in the Chinese stock market. Developing a composite measure of retail attention emphasizing its dynamic changes, we find that retail attention exacerbates future crash risk, which is robust to numerous checks that accommodate possibly omitted variables, apply the fixed effects model and instrumental variable approach, and adopt a legal interpretation as an exogenous policy shock. Extended analyses show that the impact of retail attention is more pronounced for firms with high information uncertainty under optimistic aggregate states. Moreover, using a sample of attention-grabbing stocks, we find that retail trades offer a crucial linkage from retail attention to crash risk. Overall, our findings are helpful to understand the nature of retail attention and its consequences on trading behavior as well as stock returns.

Ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) is defined as the desire to express emotion but failing to do so. Recent studies have revealed that AEE is associated with more pain. Pain is common among cancer survivors. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between AEE and pain, its underlying mechanism, and cultural relevance among cancer survivors. Ninety-six Chinese American breast cancer survivors completed a questionnaire package assessing AEE and pain. AEE was positively associated with pain severity and pain interference. The association between AEE and pain interference was mediated by intrusive thoughts. Cancer survivors who are ambivalent over emotional expression may experience high levels of intrusive thoughts, which results in high levels of symptom reports in their pain. The study confirmed the association between AEE and pain and its underlying mechanism among a group whose culture generally encourages emotional suppression. Findings suggest interventions focusing on reducing intrusive thoughts may be effective at reducing pain.

This paper outlines obligatory nursing education and the registration process required to become a nurse in Australia, including nurses' workload, career structure and pay. It also provides an overview of the nursing workforce in Australia, with particular reference to casual employment, and its implications. The aim of this paper is to outline the development strategies that may assist with China's increasing need for nursing education, and how changes to healthcare policy and management are required to increase the recruitment and retention of nurses in hospitals worldwide. Keywords: Australia, China, Employment, Nursing

Enhancing the light emission of LED arrays by the piezotronic effect of ZnO NWs has recently attracted wide attention for the visual mapping of pressure. Here, to overcome deficiencies of ZnO LEDs, such as uncontrollable emission and poor emission efficiency, we designed a flexible, patterned ZnO/organic light-emitting device by combining the advantages of organic light-emitting materials and the piezoelectric effect of ZnO nanowires (NWs). The spatial resolution of the device can be tuned by the pattern size of the ZnO NW array. In addition, the light-emission character is solely determined by the organic light-emitting layer. The light-emission performance of the organic device is enhanced by the piezotronic transistors of the ZnO NW array through the modification of the energy band and reducing the Schottky barrier at the interface of the electrode and the semiconductor. By combining the advantages of the organic material and the piezotronic effect of ZnO NWs, this device shows potential for many appli...

Due to the fragility and the poor optoelectronic performances of Si, it is challenging and exciting to fabricate the Si-based flexible light-emitting diode (LED) array devices. Here, a flexible LED array device made of Si microwires-ZnO nanofilm, with the advantages of flexibility, stability, lightweight, and energy savings, is fabricated and can be used as a strain sensor to demonstrate the two-dimensional pressure distribution. Based on piezo-phototronic effect, the intensity of the flexible LED array can be increased more than 3 times (under 60 MPa compressive strains). Additionally, the device is stable and energy saving. The flexible device can still work well after 1000 bending cycles or 6 months placed in the atmosphere, and the power supplied to the flexible LED array is only 8% of the power of the surface-contact LED. The promising Si-based flexible device has wide range application and may revolutionize the technologies of flexible screens, touchpad technology, and smart skin.

The poor detecting limit and attenuated sensitivity to tiny strain of a strain sensor retard their development toward practical applications ranging from wearable electronics, human healthcare monitoring to smart sensing system. Here, a strain sensor with high sensitivity to tiny strain, high flexibility, fast response and good stability is developed utilizing the micro-cracked metal thin film based on a novel working principle of combining the overlap mode with tunnel effect of the adjacent cracks. Monitoring of human motions and physiological signals as well as anti-interference voice recognition based on the sensor is demonstrated, showing its potential applications in wearable electronics, human healthcare monitoring and smart sensing system.

Background: Garlic oil is a rich source of organosulfur compounds including diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide. There have been studies showing the neuroprotective actions of these organosulfur compounds. However, the potential of these organosulfur compounds in neuropathic pain has not been explored. The present study was aimed at investigating the pain attenuating potential of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The study also explored their pain-attenuating mechanisms through modulation of H2S, brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Methods: The rats were subjected to CCI injury by ligating the sciatic nerve in four places. The development of neuropathic pain was measured by assessing mechanical hyperalgesia (Randall-Selittotest), mechanical allodynia (Von Frey test), and cold allodynia (acetone drop test) on 14th day after surgery. Results: Administration of diallyl disulfide (25 and 50 mg/kg) and diallyl trisulfide (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 14 days led to a significant reduction in pain in CCI-subjected rats. Moreover, treatment with these organosulfur compounds led to the restoration of H2S, BDNF and Nrf2 levels in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia. Coadministration of ANA-12 (BDNF blocker) abolished pain attenuating actions as well as BDNF and the Nrf2 restorative actions of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, without modulating H2S levels. Conclusions: Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide have the potential to attenuate neuropathic pain in CCI-subjected rats possibly through activation of H2S-BDNF-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective To develop a communication prompt based on dignity therapy to facilitate effective conversations between patients with haematologic neoplasms and their family caregivers and to improve the programme and preliminarily explore the benefits and challenges of family participatory dignity therapy (FPDT). Methods A mixed-methods approach was applied to develop and revise the programme. The FPDT was developed and validated using the Delphi survey, and its further improvement was explored with a simple one-group pre- and post-trial and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Results Most of the FPDT items were endorsed by experts and patient-family dyads. The Content Validity Index was 93.6% in the first round of the Delphi survey and 100% in the second round. The "hope level," "spiritual well-being" and "general health" scores of pre- and post-testing increased from 33.60 ± 4.30 to 37.70 ± 5.10 (t = 3.99, p = .003); from 30.30 ± 3.65 to 38.80 ± 7.29(t = 4.13, p = .003); and from 41.67 ± 8.78 to 53.33 ± 8.05 (t = 3.50, p = .007) respectively. The qualitative data also indicated that the project was meaningful and well received. Conclusions We showed that FPDT was a valuable and feasible means of improving communication between patients with haematologic neoplasms and their family caregivers in China by raising the hope level and spiritual well-being and promoting general health.

Background Acute leukemia (AL) not only impairs the quality of life (QOL) of patients, but also affects that of their family caregivers (FCs). Studies on QOL of AL patients and their FCs are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the QOL of AL patients and their FCs, and to explore the factors associated with QOL of patients and of FCs. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. The QOL of 196 patient–FC dyads was assessed. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia (FACT-Leu) was used for patients, and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used for FCs. Independent-samples t-tests or one-way analysis of variance were used to compare QOL subscale scores between groups with different sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with QOL of AL patients and their FCs. Results The total FACT-Leu score for AL patients was 76.80 ± 16.44, and the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores for FCs were 64.67 ± 15.44 and 52.50 ± 13.49, respectively. All QOL subscales for patients (t = 12.96–34.73, p p p = 0.993), were lower than those reported in previous studies. Sex, employment, and chemotherapy were significantly associated with total FACT-Leu score in AL patients (p p Conclusions AL patients and their FCs both have lower QOL than the population in previous studies. These findings suggest that not only AL patients’ physical and mental health but also overall family QOL should be assessed. Interventions supporting patient–FC dyads should be developed to improve their QOL.

BACKGROUND Oral mucositis is one of the most frequent, irreversible and distressing complications faced by head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy. Several studies have investigated the role of honey in the prevention and alleviation of radiation-induced oral mucositis in HNC patients, however, a definitive conclusion has not yet been generated. We performed this updated systematic review and metaanalysis to determine whether honey can prevent and alleviate radiation-induced oral mucositis in HNC patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) through October 2019. We searched and selected literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias accordingly, and then conducted statistical analyses with RevMan software version 5.3. RESULTS Seven trials involving 412 patients were included in the final analysis. Meta-analyses showed that honey did not decrease the incidence of radiation-induced oral mucositis [(relative risk (RR), 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-1.18; P=0.18]; however, relieved the severity of oral mucositis (RR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13-0.38; P

With simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, the energy of RF signal can be used effectively for the self-sustained operation of wireless devices. In practical applications, power splitting method can be used for simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) between base station and multi-user. Different user systems have different energy consumption, so users with insufficient power need more energy transmission to supplement their power. Nowadays, the beamforming strategy of simultaneous wireless information and energy transmission does not consider the problem of insufficient power at the terminal. This paper proposes a energy state feedback method to optimize simultaneous wireless information and power transmission system. Through the joint design optimization of beamforming and power splitting, the power transmission of users with insufficient power is added, and the minimized transmission power optimization is done under the conditions of satisfying SINR and energy harvesting constraints by utilizing the channel state information and node power information of each node. This optimization model is difficult to solve. In order to solve this problem, the concept of reserve group is introduced. When the optimization model cannot be solved, the users with the worst channel state of the node are put into the reserve group. These users do not participate in the optimization first. After the new channel state information is obtained, the optimization model is established again. If the problem can be solved, the transmission power of base station doesn’t reach the maximum power, some users in the reserve group is added to continue to optimize, if it has reached the maximum power of base station transmission, it is not optimizing, so as to maximize the optimization of all users and improve system performance.

Wireless sensor is one of the hot research fields in space exploration applications, especially in lunar environment applications. Because of the lunar dust environment, lunar crater environment and so on, the deployment of lunar wireless sensor networks has posed great challenges. This paper studies the deployment scheme of lunar wireless sensor networks, focusing on the topology control and network invulnerability of lunar wireless sensor networks, and studies the relationship between topology control and network routing protocol, MAC layer protocol and the influence on network topology structure. According to the characteristics of lunar wireless sensor networks, redundant backup of sensor nodes and link redundancy is designed. In addition, k-connectivity redundant backup mechanism of relay nodes is suggested. These mechanisms can achieve the optimal connectivity of lunar wireless sensor networks to enhance the survivability and invulnerability of lunar wireless sensor networks.

Bisecting K-means clustering method belongs to the hierarchical algorithm in text clustering, in which the selection of K value and initial center of mass will affect the final result of clustering. Chinese word segmentation has the characteristics of vague word and word boundary, etc. We transformed the corpus into word vector by word2vec, reduced the dimension of data by ontology modeling, and cleaned the data by jieba word segmentation and TF-IDF to improve the accuracy of the data. We propose an improved algorithm based on hierarchical clustering and Bisecting K-means clustering to cluster the data many times until it converges. Through experiments, it is proved that the clustering result of this method is better than that of K-means clustering algorithm and Bisecting K-means clustering algorithm.

The increasing number of users of satellite communication system needs more spectrum and bandwidth resources. In the future, multi-beam broadband satellite system must have greater flexibility and be able to adjust dynamically according to the change of traffic flow. Dynamic spectrum access is an effective method of spectrum sharing, which can realize the effective utilization of spectrum resources. Cognitive radio spectrum sharing technology is an effective way to improve spectrum efficiency and realize the effective utilization of spectrum resources. This paper studies software-defined spectrum-sharing cognitive radio multi-beam broadband satellite network system. The technology achieves effective management of satellite resources, improves the utilization of satellite resources and improves the performance of multi-beam satellite communication system. The principle of software-defined spectrum-sharing cognitive multi-beam broadband satellite network system is discussed. The spectrum utilization efficiency and throughput are analyzed.

Electronic skin (e-skin) uses advanced electronics and sensor arrays to manufacture human-skin-like robotics skin. The creation of e-skin has been made possible due to various physics effects/mechanisms, innovative materials, structural designs, and advanced fabrication techniques. In this Perspective, we describe the current advances in and emerging uses of e-skin for closed-loop systems, with a view toward applications in smart robotics, Internet of Things, and human-machine interfaces.

this paper discusses the application of SWIPT(simultaneous wireless information and power transmission) system in space system. The scheme of simultaneous wireless information and power transmission based on OFDM is elaborated in detail. The scheme of simultaneous wireless information and power transmission receiving based on time switching mode is adopted. The influence of allocation factor in time switching on system performance is analyzed, the optimal allocation factor of time switching is solved. The optimal switching time scheme improves the overall throughput performance of the system, and carries out numerical analysis.