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In relay attacks, a man-in-the-middle adversary impersonates a legitimate party and makes it this party appear to be of an authenticator, when in fact they are not. In order to counteract relay attacks, distance-bounding protocols provide a means for a verifier (e.g., an payment terminal) to estimate his relative distance to a prover (e.g., a bankcard). We propose FlexiDB, a new cryptographic model for distance bounding, parameterised by different types of fine-grained corruptions. FlexiDB allows to consider classical cases but also new, generalised corruption settings. In these settings, we exhibit new attack strategies on existing protocols. Finally, we propose a proof-of-concept mechanisation of FlexiDB in the interactive cryptographic prover EasyCrypt. We use this to exhibit a flavour of man-in-the-middle security on a variant of MasterCard’s contactless-payment protocol.

The symmetry of the omnidirectional robot motion abilities around its central vertical axis is an important advantage regarding its driveability for the flexible interoperation with fixed conveyor systems. The paper illustrates a Hardware in the Loop architectural approach for integrated development of an Ominidirectional Mobile Robot that is designed to serve in a dynamic logistic environment. Such logistic environments require complex algorithms for autonomous navigation between different warehouse locations, that can be efficiently developed using Robot Operating System nodes. Implementing path planning nodes benefits from using Matlab-Simulink, which provides a large selection of algorithms that are easily integrated and customized. The proposed solution is deployed for validation on a NVIDIA Jetson Nano, the embedded computer hosted locally on the robot, that runs the autonomous navigation software. The proposed solution permits the live connection to the omnidirectional prototype platform, allowing to deploy algorithms and acquire data for debugging the location, path planning and the mapping information during real time autonomous navigation experiments, very useful in validating different strategies.

Because engineering is a practicing profession, laboratory experiments are considered to be an imperative component of engineering curricula by all stakeholders involved in the education process. Therefore, virtual and remote laboratories represent unique solutions to support teaching activities in online learning from the actual condition of the 2020 year. This paper describes a case study of implementation for a virtual twin of a pneumatic workstation using facilities offered by Automation StudioTM software. The challenges and opportunities from engineering education make from the virtual lab a bridge to Industry 4.0 paradigms, reaching superior modelling and simulation techniques. Furthermore, this paper highlights some advantages of approaching virtual experiments over real ones.

The research of the authors is focused on presenting a practical multidisciplinary experiment - an elevator simulator to relate theory and practice inside of a lot of disciplines and to bring the “real world” into a useful case study for electrical and control engineering education. Through the existence of interesting experiments, students gain motivation either to continue thinking and improving new solutions for building and control of elevators. The concept of the modern elevator is presented in this paper from the perspective of integration of current technological equipment like a programmable logic controller, inverter, encoder, human-machine-interface on which students can develop various control strategies using a SCADA system. The paper presents the some exercises that students can perform on the existent simulator.

The Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) is a fundamental theorem in number theory, widely used in cryptography to design secret sharing schemes. The CRT-based secret sharing schemes proposed so far make use of sequences of pairwise co-prime integers with special properties. The way these sequences are chosen plays a crucial role in the security achieved by the schemes that rely on them. Moreover, the CRT-based secret sharing schemes could achieve at most asymptotic idealness. In this paper we prove that the Asmuth-Bloom threshold secret sharing scheme is asymptotic ideal if and only if it is based on 1-compact sequences of co-primes. Apart from this, a comprehensive analysis of the known variants of the Asmuth-Bloom threshold secret sharing scheme is provided, clarifying the security properties achieved by each of them.

InGeNi ohmic contacts on n-type semi-insulating GaAs(110) cleaved surfaces were fabricated. Cleaving semiconductor single crystal ensures the obtaining of semiconductor surfaces almost ideal in terms of chemical purity and stoichiometry. The chemical depth profile of metallic layer was investigated and revealed through multiple alternating steps of Ar+ etchings and XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measurements. The metallic layers made of alloy of Ge, In and Ni (60 nm Ge, 60 nm In and 10 nm Ni), were obtained by thermal evaporation on cleaved surfaces in a high vacuum facility, followed by a thermal annealing at 430–450 °C for 5 min. Twelve etching sessions were required until the metal/semiconductor interface has been reached. A total of 14 etchings steps were performed during the experiment, a layer with a thickness of 140 nm being removed from the surface. The atomic concentrations of the constituent chemical elements were determined. In3d, In4d, Ga3d, Ga2p, As3d, As2p, Ni2p3/2, Ge3d, O1s and C1s spectral lines were recorded and chemical bonds within the layer were analyzed from the fittings. The formation of InxGa1-xAs type compounds and of an intermediate semiconductor layer rich in Ge atoms at the interface was highlighted. X-ray detectors InGeNi/GaAs/Al and InGeNi/GaAs/Ti were fabricated with ohmic contacts based on this contacting scheme and Schottky interfaces prepared also by evaporation on cleaved edges. Electrical characteristics have been investigated and key diode parameters determined ─ ideality factor, Schottky barrier height, series resistance. Detection capabilities of these devices were studied in an x-rays flux, provided by a Co anode x-ray source.

Under Know Your Customer (KYC) regulations, financial institutions are required to verify the identity and assess the trustworthiness of any new client during on-boarding, and maintain up-to-date records for risk management. These processes are time consuming, expensive, typically have sub-par record-keeping steps, and disadvantage clients with nomad lifestyle. In this paper, we introduce KYChain as a privacy-preserving certification mechanism that allows users to share (certified) up-to-date KYC data across multiple financial institutions. We base KYChain on immutable ledgers and show that it offers confidentiality and certification compliance of KYC data.

We introduce Biometric-Authenticated Keyword Search (BAKS), a novel searchable encryption scheme that relieves clients from managing cryptographic keys and relies purely on client’s biometric data for authenticated outsourcing and retrieval of files indexed by encrypted keywords.

The approach from this work is multidisciplinary, similar with challenges from industrial word which started to implement the new industrial revolution in more and more areas. This paper presents a method of implementing a remote real-time communication, based on Open Platform Communication (OPC) on the Ethernet, for the communication between Automation Studio software solution and a Programmable Logic Computer (PLC) which control a 3-DoF pneumatic robot with a handle gripper. The model of robot is implemented in Automation Studio and this paper uses the benefits of OPC Server in order to connect the simulated system with a PLC. A real PLC is used to implement the supervisory control of the simulated plant. Relation between the physical and the virtual world is an important component of Industry 4.0, represent cyber-physical system.

International audience; We present a machine-checked security analysis of Belenios-a deployed voting protocol used already in more than 200 elections. Belenios extends Helios with an explicit registration authority to obtain eligibility guarantees. We offer two main results. First, we build upon a recent framework for proving ballot privacy in EasyCrypt. Inspired by our application to Belenios, we adapt and extend the privacy security notions to account for protocols that include a registration phase. Our analysis identifies a trust assumption which is missing in the existing (pen and paper) analysis of Belenios: ballot privacy does not hold if the registrar misbehaves, even if the role of the registrar is seemingly to provide eligibility guarantees. Second, we develop a novel framework for proving strong verifiability in EasyCrypt and apply it to Belenios. In the process, we clarify several aspects of the pen-and-paper proof, such as how to deal with revote policies. Together, our results yield the first machine-checked analysis of both ballot privacy and verifiability properties for a deployed electronic voting protocol. Perhaps more importantly, we identify several issues regarding the applicability of existing definitions of privacy and verifiability to systems other than Helios. While we show how to adapt the definitions to the particular case of Belenios, our findings indicate the need for more general security notions for electronic voting protocols with registration authorities.

International audience; We provide the first machine-checked proof of privacy-related properties (including ballot privacy) for an electronic voting protocol in the computational model. We target the popular Helios family of voting protocols, for which we identify appropriate levels of abstractions to allow the simplification and convenient reuse of proof steps across many variations of the voting scheme. The resulting framework enables machine-checked security proofs for several hundred variants of Helios and should serve as a stepping stone for the analysis of further variations of the scheme. In addition, we highlight some of the lessons learned regarding the gap between pen-and-paper and machine-checked proofs, and report on the experience with formalizing the security of protocols at this scale.

This paper describes in details the evaluation procedure developed in this paper for the measurement of the Kinect sensors accuracy and robustness in the detection process of the user hand and recognizing human hand gestures. Furthermore, the results are transferred to a robotic gripper in virtual environment for visualization. The research started with consideration on the current state of the methods and sensors used for the detection of the hand gestures. It was seen that the detection of human hand and gestures recognition represent an important research study in the field of robotics controls and automation. Through the time, different methods [7, 13] and sensors [12] were developed for the action of detection which became, with the passing of time, better and better, reaching today, a point, when Kinect sensor was constructed as a combination between mature sensor technology and efficient algorithms for detection. The goal of this paper is represented by the analysis, if the XBox 360 (TM) Kinect sensor, developed by Microsoft, is accurate enough to be used as a mean to control a robotic hand in virtual environment. To find this out, the main objectives of this paper represents the measurement of the accuracy of Kinect sensor action for the capture of gestures performed by a human hand in a repeatable manner. As a second objective, in order to be able to visualize the result, the gestures are translated into virtual environment. In order achieve the main scope of this paper, two metrics were defined, according to ISO standard for measurement. Those are: Accuracy/Precision using ISO 5725: 1994 [16] Repeatability - ISO 21748: 2010 [17] The result of the captured hand posture with the highest accuracy are then moved to a robotic hand simulated in virtual environment executing an object grasping and releasing.

Industry 4.0 is mainly represented by the digitalization technologies of physical industrial assets, thus obtaining the cyber-physical systems. A key role in digitalization developing is indeed played by possibility to develop a realistic virtual model (3D model) and using this model in virtual simulations to test the functionality of the system at possible scenarios from real world. The paper presents the modelling a mechatronic system represented by a three-dimensional cylindrical type manipulator in Automation Studio software and aims creating cinematic animation which will be used in the field of virtual commissioning. This approach in Industry 4.0 paradigm is studied in the academic environment and in the industrial research from last decade time, because generate major benefits such as in remote accessibility for learning, time efficiency from planning to real setup with possibility of detection and debugging of errors in the system, for minimizing time commissioning and predictive maintenance.

The present day virtual environments are very advanced and have the ability to display complex representations of simulated objects together with their surroundings. Each virtual object can be endowed with multiple physical properties; in this way the entire virtual environment tends to become very real. However, human interaction with objects in virtual environments is forced from the user perspective and very different from how humans interact with objects in physical world. In this paper, a research that allows a more natural human-computer communication is presented. This is realized by combining visual information that is displayed to a user with kinetic information captured from the user hand by utilizing a sensor to capture depth data. The presented method is used in order to perform experiment that consist in grasping, moving and dropping a virtual object and analyze the hand trajectory compared with the virtual object trajectory.

This paper presents two software modules of the general structure and implementation features of the original software for command and control of the anthropomorphic gripper for robots. The software has three modules: RoboVISION, RoboSIM and RoboCOMMANDER. RoboVISION is a software module for tracing, visualization, shape recognition, measurement, and efficiency evaluation for 3D model generation of objects to grip by an anthropomorphic gripper. It was presented in another paper. This paper discribes RoboSIM nad Robo COMMANDER. RoboSIM product is an advanced software module that aims primarily to reduce achievement time of functional simulation of anthropomorphic grippers. RoboCOMMANDER is a software module for controlling a three-fingered anthropomorphic robotic hand in both virtual and real environments. The approach is using a multimodal interface based on voice commands, remote manipulation, and smart, remote controlling mobile devices.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the newest results regarding the design of key-policy attribute-based encryption (KP-ABE) schemes from secret sharing and bilinear maps.

The paper presents an intelligent method based of soft computing to control thermal processes. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed to control the temperature of an electric oven. The temperature control is based on a fuzzy learning algorithm with auto-tuning capabilities in order to get as performances, time response as short as possible, small overshoot and zero steady state error. The auto-tuning FLC is implemented in LabVIEW software from National Instruments. The experimental results clearly emphasize the capabilities of the proposed FLC to realize the best performances.

Virtual reality is an important technology in the context of product lifecycle management. Through virtual reality, one offers solutions in the design phase, but also during use, resulting in a significant reduction in time between concept and prototype stage and an overall process optimization increase. Control interfaces of anthropomorphic grippers in virtual environments allow carrying out a series of tests and simulations to validate both a particular design and the configuration of a certain gripping operation. The control interface of an anthropomorphic gripper is also responsible for the connection between the user and the virtual environment providing a set of tools for performing the functional simulation. This paper presents the RoboSIM software module, which is an advanced control interface for a three fingered anthropomorphic gripper. This module was primarily developed for easing the functional simulation of a three fingered gripper in a virtual environment. In order to further decrease the time between concept and prototype, RoboSIM was extended to directly communicate with the real gripper. In this way the functional simulations results can be directly transferred using RoboSIM to the real gripper which will perform the gripping operation accordingly. This novel approach is especially suited for anthropomorphic grippers which are known to have an increased number of degrees of freedom thus their control interfaces becoming very complex.

Object tracking in three dimensional environments is an area of research that has attracted a lot of attention lately, for its potential regarding the interaction between man and machine. Hand gesture detection and recognition, in real time, from video stream, plays a significant role in the human-computer interaction and, on the current digital image processing applications, this represent a difficult task. This paper aims to present a new method for human hand control in virtual environments, by eliminating the need of an external device currently used for hand motion capture and digitization. A first step in this direction would be the detection of human hand, followed by the detection of gestures and their use to control a virtual hand in a virtual environment.

We propose a Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption (KP-ABE) scheme for general Boolean circuits, based on secret sharing and on a very particular and simple form of leveled multi-linear maps, called chained multi-linear maps. The number of decryption key components is substantially reduced in comparison with the scheme in [7], and the size of the multi-linear map (in terms of bilinear map components) is less than the Boolean circuit depth, while it is quadratic in the Boolean circuit depth for the scheme in [7]. Moreover, the multiplication depth of the chained multi-linear map in our scheme can be significantly less than the multiplication depth of the leveled multi-linear map in the scheme in [7]. Selective security of the proposed scheme in the standard model is proved, under the decisional multi-linear Diffie-Hellman assumption.

The depth composition of the thin layer alloy, AuGeNi, devoted to acting as an ohmic contact on n-GaAs(110) has been investigated by in situ XPS combined with Argon ion sputtering techniques. The fresh cleaved surfaces, supposed to be free of oxygen, were usually deposited with a 200 nm metallic layer in high vacuum conditions (better than 10−7 torr), by thermal evaporation, and annealed at a 430–450° Celsius temperature for 5 minutes. About 18 sessions of ion Ar surfaces etching and intermediate XPS measurements were performed in order to reveal the border of the metal/semiconductor interface. The atomic concentrations of the chemical elements have been approximated. Au4f, Ga3d, Ga2p, As3d, As2p, Ni2p3/2, Ge3d, O1s, and C1s spectral lines were recorded. The Au, Ge, and Ni have a homogenous distribution while Ga and As tend to diffuse to the surface. Oxygen is present in the first layers of the surface while carbon completely disappears after the second etching step. The existence of an Au-Ga alloy was detected and XPS spectra show only metal Ni and Ge within the layer and at the interface. We tried to perform a study about the depth chemical composition profile analysis of AuGeNi layer on cleaved n-GaAs(110) by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique.

The study of the asymptotic idealness of the Goldreich-Ron-Sudan (GRS, for short) threshold secret sharing scheme was the subject of several research papers, where sufficient conditions were provided. In this paper a necessary and sufficient condition is established; namely, it is shown that the GRS threshold secret sharing scheme is asymptotically ideal under the uniform distribution on the secret space if and only if it is based on 1-compact sequences of co-primes. Previous results regarding the security of the GRS secret sharing scheme are improved.The GRS scheme is asymptotically ideal iff it is based on 1-compact sequences of co-primes.The asymptotic idealness issue of the GRS scheme is completely closed.The importance of 1-compact sequences of co-primes is emphasized.