2,180 results on '"DEGREES of freedom"'
Search Results
2. Patent Application Titled "Plug-in Massage Structure and Plug-in Massage Device" Published Online (USPTO 20240307261).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,TUNNEL lining ,CURVED surfaces ,DEGREES of freedom ,COLUMNS - Abstract
A patent application for a plug-in massage structure and device has been published by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The inventors, HE Xike and WANG Rong, have created a device that can be inserted into the vagina for sexual massage stimulation and rehabilitation physiotherapy. The device overcomes the limitations of existing massage devices by offering adjustable massage elements that can perform kneading actions and touch pressure effects. The patent application provides details about the structure and parameters of the device, including the depth of the recess area and the arrangement of the massage elements. The assignee for this patent application is Uc Global Trade Inc. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
3. Patent Issued for Breakaway end-effectors for food and beverage preparation robots (USPTO 12090640).
- Subjects
BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing) ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,FUKUSHIMA Nuclear Accident, Fukushima, Japan, 2011 ,DEGREES of freedom ,ASSEMBLY line methods - Abstract
A patent has been issued for breakaway end-effectors for food and beverage preparation robots. The patent, filed by Truebird Inc., describes a device and robot that can handle open-top vessels, such as cups and tubs, used to carry liquids and loose solids. The end-effectors are magnetically coupled to the robot and can decouple in response to less than 200 Newtons of force. The robot also includes a sensor to detect decoupling and a controller to respond accordingly. This technology could be useful in consumer-facing use cases where cost and space constraints are important. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. Patent Issued for Robotic arms (USPTO 12083671).
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SURGICAL technology ,SURGICAL instruments ,DEGREES of freedom ,LAPAROSCOPIC surgery - Abstract
A patent has been issued for robotic arms in surgical systems. The patent, filed by inventors Pablo E. Garcia Kilroy and Karen Shakespear Koenig, describes a robotic arm with multiple degrees of freedom that can hold and rotate surgical instruments. The arm is designed to be foldable and compact, making it easier to use and manage. The invention aims to improve minimally-invasive surgery by reducing demands on surgeons and providing more clinical options for a variety of procedures and patient types. The patent was assigned to Verb Surgical Inc. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
5. Patent Issued for Systems and methods for medical instrument compression compensation (USPTO 12076098).
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,RADIO frequency identification systems ,MEDICAL equipment ,DEGREES of freedom ,BASES (Architecture) - Abstract
A patent has been issued to Auris Health Inc. for systems and methods for medical instrument compression compensation. The patent describes a medical instrument with an elongated shaft that can be inserted into a patient's body. The instrument includes a pull wire that can cause movement of the shaft, but this movement can result in compression. The systems and methods described in the patent compensate for this compression by determining its amount and adjusting the movement of the instrument. The patent also mentions the use of robotic arms and various sensors in the instrument. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
6. Patent Issued for System and methods for positioning a manipulator arm by clutching within a null-perpendicular space concurrent with null-space movement (USPTO 12064197).
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,MINIMALLY invasive procedures ,SURGICAL technology ,DEGREES of freedom ,OPERATIVE surgery - Abstract
Intuitive Surgical Operations Inc. has been issued a patent for a system and methods for positioning a manipulator arm during surgery. The invention aims to improve surgical and robotic devices by providing more consistent and predictable movement of the manipulator arm. The system utilizes highly configurable surgical robotic manipulators with more degrees of freedom, allowing for improved movement and increased range of motion. The patent describes a system that uses processors and joint state sensors to enable precise positioning of the arm, with different clutch modes for controlling movement and performing tasks such as collision avoidance. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
7. Patent Issued for Camera optical lens (USPTO 12055790).
- Subjects
FOCAL length ,PHOTOGRAPHIC lenses ,NIGHT photography ,DEGREES of freedom ,CURVATURE - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a camera optical lens developed by Aac Optics (Changzhou) Co. Ltd. The lens is designed to meet the increasing demands for high-quality imaging, particularly in terms of night scene photography and background blur. The lens incorporates a free-form surface, which allows for better correction of aberrations and improved imaging quality. The patent provides detailed specifications and claims for the camera optical lens, including requirements for focal lengths, curvature radii, and thicknesses of various lens components. For more information, the patent can be accessed using the provided URL. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
8. Patent Issued for Joint assemblies with cross-axis flexural pivots (USPTO 12042164).
- Subjects
STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,COMPLIANT mechanisms ,DEGREES of freedom ,SURGICAL technology ,KINEMATIC chains - Abstract
A patent has been issued to Intuitive Surgical Operations Inc. for joint assemblies with cross-axis flexural pivots. The patent describes improved joint mechanisms for surgical instruments that aim to reduce the negative effects of surgery on patients. The joint mechanisms utilize compliant joints or compliant mechanisms to reduce friction, wear, and the number of parts in the joint. The invention allows for improved flexibility and reduced operating footprint of surgical instruments, potentially leading to smaller incisions and less visible scarring for patients. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
9. Patent Issued for Projection of user interface pose command to reduced degree of freedom space for a surgical robot (USPTO 12023117).
- Subjects
DEGREES of freedom ,SURGICAL robots ,USER interfaces ,MULTI-degree of freedom ,END effectors (Robotics) - Abstract
A patent has been issued to Verb Surgical Inc. for a method of teleoperation for a surgical robotic system. The method involves receiving a user input with six degrees of freedom and projecting it to a lesser number of degrees of freedom. The robotic arm and surgical tool are then moved based on the solution from the inverse kinematics. This method allows for more intuitive control of the surgical tool with limited degrees of freedom. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
10. Patent Issued for Contact-type massage tapping device and massager (USPTO 12023295).
- Subjects
MASSAGE ,PATENTS ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a contact-type massage tapping device and massager. The inventor, Chen Junjun, filed the patent in September 2023, and it was published online in July 2024. The patent aims to address the limitations of existing massage products by providing a tapping-type massager with improved tapping intensity and stimulation effects. The device includes a main body with a tapping body, connecting seat, and tapping driving assembly. The tapping body has at least one reciprocating swinging degree of freedom, allowing it to provide a tapping motion. The patent also includes claims for a massager incorporating the contact-type massage tapping device. The assignee for the patent is Sunrise Globle Chain Inc. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
11. "Accelerator Pedal Assembly For A Vehicle" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240198796).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,DEFORMATION of surfaces ,FOOT injuries ,DEGREES of freedom ,VOLVO automobiles - Abstract
A patent application has been made available online for an accelerator pedal assembly designed to protect drivers during vehicle crashes. The invention aims to minimize the risk and extent of foot injuries caused by the impact of a collision on the accelerator pedal. The assembly includes a deformation element that lifts the accelerator pedal up by a predefined height, absorbing the force of the crash and reducing the potential for injury. The assembly also features retention elements and sliding slots to secure the accelerator pedal to the vehicle's floor panel. This patent application may be of interest to individuals researching automobile companies, foot injuries, health and medicine, and musculoskeletal diseases and conditions. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
12. "Contact-type massage tapping device and massager" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240108538).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,MASSAGE ,WHOLE-body vibration ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent application has been filed for a contact-type massage tapping device and massager by inventor CHEN, Junjun. The tapping device aims to provide a more effective tapping massage by addressing the limitations of existing massage products. The device includes a main body with a tapping body that has a reciprocating swinging degree of freedom, a tapping driving assembly, and a cavity with openings. The device allows for greater contact massage force and can provide targeted stimulation to specific areas. The invention also includes an elastic energy storage member to absorb kinetic energy and reduce unnecessary vibrations. The patent application provides detailed technical specifications and options for the device. A massager incorporating the contact-type massage tapping device is also included in the patent application. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
13. Patent Issued for Systems and methods for alignment of the eye for ocular imaging (USPTO 11903649).
- Subjects
PATENTS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DEGREES of freedom ,IMAGING systems ,OPTICAL devices - Abstract
Digital Diagnostics Inc. has been issued a patent for systems and methods for aligning the eye for ocular imaging. The patent describes an ocular alignment system that uses guide lights and baffles to align the optical axis of a subject's eye with the optical axis of an ocular imaging device. This system aims to reduce cost, complexity, and ease of operation by utilizing the natural alignment capabilities of the human eye. The patent provides detailed descriptions of the device and method for achieving alignment. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
14. Patent Issued for System and method for integrated surgical table (USPTO 11896326).
- Subjects
PATENTS ,RANGE of motion of joints ,SURGICAL technology ,SURGICAL instruments ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
Intuitive Surgical Operations Inc. has been issued a patent for an integrated surgical table system and method. The invention allows for movement of the surgical table without removing the computer-assisted device from the patient. The system enables communication between the device and the table, allowing control of the table's motion. Patient safety is ensured through approval or denial of table movement requests based on current conditions, and motion is halted if there is a relevant change in the state of the manipulator arms. The patent provides detailed claims and methods for implementing this technology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
15. Patent Issued for Surgical robot for orthopaedic interventions (USPTO 11883111).
- Subjects
SURGICAL robots ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,PATENTS ,SINGLE-degree-of-freedom systems ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a surgical robot designed to assist with orthopedic interventions. The robot incorporates means for tracking and compensating for bone movement, improving the accuracy and performance of the device. The robot includes a mechanical tracker and a tool guide, eliminating the need for external cameras and devices that can hinder procedures. The tracker has at least six degrees of freedom and uses articulated segments and encoders to track the position and orientation of the bone. The patent was filed by Cyber Surgery S.L. and published online on January 30, 2024. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
16. Patent Issued for Systems and methods for a medical clip applier (USPTO 11877754).
- Subjects
PATENTS ,SURGICAL instruments ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent has been issued to Auris Health Inc. for systems and methods for a medical clip applier. Medical clips are used in various procedures to ligate and seal tissue to stop bleeding. The patented invention is a robotically controlled surgical instrument that includes a wrist and an end effector with a cartridge for delivering multiple clips without reloading. The clips are arranged in a nested relationship within the cartridge and can transition between open and closed positions. The patent provides detailed descriptions and claims for the surgical instrument and the clips. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
17. Patent Application Titled "Multidirectional Tilting Mechanism and a Method of Operating the Same" Published Online (USPTO 20240001980).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,INTERNET publishing ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent application titled "Multidirectional Tilting Mechanism and a Method of Operating the Same" has been published by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The invention, assigned to Sartorius Stedim North America Inc., is a tilting mechanism for filling and draining containers used in the biopharmaceutical industry. The mechanism allows for tilting in multiple directions, has a simplified construction, reduced cost, and reduced height compared to previous solutions. It includes a base, a tilting deck, multi-dimensional hinges, and a lifting member, and can be used in applications such as weighing platforms or fluid container filling and draining systems. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
18. Patent Issued for Robotic surgical tool with motor mounted to translating carriage (USPTO 11832908).
- Subjects
MINIMALLY invasive procedures ,ROBOTICS ,DEGREES of freedom ,PATENTS - Abstract
This patent describes a robotic surgical tool that is designed for minimally invasive procedures. The tool includes a motor mounted to a translating carriage, an end effector, a camera or image capture device, and a computerized motion system. It allows for more intuitive hand movements and greater degrees of freedom in movement, improving the effectiveness and ease of endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures. The tool also includes various features such as an activating mechanism, a power source, and options for internal or external power sources. The patent was filed in June 2020 and published online in December 2023. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
19. Patent Issued for Medical imaging table, table support assembly, probe support assembly, system, and method of use (USPTO 11826196).
- Subjects
MEDICAL patents ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,MEDICAL technology ,MEDICAL research personnel ,DEGREES of freedom ,MEDICAL literature - Abstract
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. has been issued a patent for a medical imaging table and support assembly. The invention relates to a system and method for positioning a subject and a probe of an imaging device during the acquisition of pre- and post-treatment images. The system includes a table assembly, a table support assembly with moving mechanisms, and a probe support assembly with multiple degrees of freedom. The patent also describes a sensor assembly and a controller for storing imaging data. This patent is relevant for researchers interested in medical imaging technology and its applications in healthcare. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
20. Patent Application Titled "Porous Structural Body And Porous Structural Body Manufacturing Method" Published Online (USPTO 20230363547).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,PATENT offices ,INTERNET publishing ,3-D printers ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent application titled "Porous Structural Body And Porous Structural Body Manufacturing Method" has been published online by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The patent application, filed by inventors from Archem Inc., describes a porous structural body made of flexible resin or rubber. The body consists of a skeleton part with bone parts and coupling parts, forming annular shapes. The invention aims to improve the degree of freedom in adjusting the dynamic properties of the porous structural body. The method for manufacturing the body involves the use of a 3D printer. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
21. Patent Issued for Physician input device for a concentric tube surgical robot (USPTO 11806107).
- Subjects
SURGICAL robots ,MINIMALLY invasive procedures ,PHYSICIANS ,DEGREES of freedom ,SURGICAL site ,MYOELECTRIC prosthesis - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a new physician input device that aims to improve the maneuverability and dexterity of minimally invasive surgery. The device allows doctors to accurately control an endoscopic concentric tube robotic surgery system, providing increased precision and control during surgery. The handheld controller has multiple degrees of freedom and incorporates a camera lens for real-time visualization of the surgical site. The concentric tube array, made from nitinol, can be manipulated using various surgical tools and provides a safe and intuitive method for controlling the surgical robot. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
22. Patent Application Titled "Manual Drive Functions For Surgical Tool Having Carriage Architecture" Published Online (USPTO 20230355240).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,PATENT offices ,ROBOTICS ,INTERNET publishing ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
The US Patent and Trademark Office has published a patent application titled "Manual Drive Functions For Surgical Tool Having Carriage Architecture." The application describes a surgical tool that incorporates robotic technology to improve the effectiveness and ease of endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures. The tool allows for more intuitive hand movements and greater degrees of freedom in movement. It includes a manual drive function that can be actuated by rotating a spline, and a bailout mechanism that can be engaged to manually rotate the spline. The patent application provides detailed descriptions of different embodiments and methods of operating the tool. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
23. Patent Issued for Robotically controllable field generators for aligning a guide with a target (USPTO 11786316).
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,PATENTS ,MEDICAL robotics ,DEGREES of freedom ,POSITION sensors - Abstract
Keywords: Auris Health Inc.; Business; Electromagnet; Electronics; Emerging Technologies; Machine Learning; Robotics; Robots EN Auris Health Inc. Business Electromagnet Electronics Emerging Technologies Machine Learning Robotics Robots 9865 9865 1 11/06/23 20231111 NES 231111 2023 NOV 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Imaging Week -- Auris Health Inc. (Redwood City, California, United States) has been issued patent number 11786316, according to news reporting originating out of Alexandria, Virginia, by NewsRx editors. The robotic medical method of claim 16, further comprising: navigating a robotic medical instrument within a patient using a third robotic arm coupled to and configured to control the robotic medical instrument, wherein the EM target comprises an EM sensor positioned on the robotic medical instrument. The robotic medical system of claim 11, further comprising: a third robotic arm configured to couple to and control a robotic medical instrument, the robotic medical instrument configured to insert into the patient; and wherein the EM target comprises an EM sensor positioned on the robotic medical instrument. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
24. Patent Issued for Clamping device and clamping arrangement for a medical instrument (USPTO 11793598).
- Subjects
UMBILICAL cord clamping ,MEDICAL equipment ,PATENTS ,MINIMALLY invasive procedures ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a clamping device and clamping arrangement for a medical instrument. The inventors aim to improve clamping devices for medical instruments, particularly for minimally invasive surgery, in order to increase user comfort and enable simple and precise positioning of attached instruments. The clamping device described in the patent allows for the locking of multiple holding segments with a single driveable component, providing a greater number of degrees of freedom. The patent provides detailed descriptions and claims for the clamping device and holding system. The patent was assigned to Karl Storz SE & Co. KG, a company based in Tuttlingen, Germany. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
25. Patent Issued for Remote presence system mounted to operating room hardware (USPTO 11787060).
- Subjects
OPERATING rooms ,PATENTS ,TELERADIOLOGY ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,REMOTE control ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A tele-presence system that can be implemented with a medical table, comprising: a robot face at a first location, the robot face includes a monitor, a robot camera, a robot speaker and a robot microphone; and an attachment mechanism that attaches said robot face to the medical table; wherein the robot face is configured to: communicate with a remote control station at a second location via a network; display an image captured by a camera of the remote control station on the robot monitor; transmit an image captured by the robot camera to the remote control station for display on a monitor of the remote control station; reproduce, via the robot speaker, a sound captured by a microphone of the remote control station; transmit a sound captured by the robot microphone to the remote control station for reproduction by a speaker of the remote control station; pan relative to the medical table in response to input from a user received via a user input device of the remote control station; and, tilt relative to the medical table in response to input from a user received via a user input device of the remote control station. The system of claim 1, wherein said remote station monitor displays a display user interface. The robot face includes a camera that is coupled to a monitor of the remote station and a monitor that is coupled to a camera of the remote station. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
26. Control of Upper Limb Active Prosthesis Using Surface Electromyography
- Author
-
Muhammad Asim Waris, Yasar Ayaz, Syed Omer Gilani, and Mohsin Jamil
- Subjects
Engineering ,Engineering drawing ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Degrees of freedom ,Elbow ,Electromyography ,Signal ,Prosthesis ,DC motor ,Noise ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Amputation ,Modeling and Simulation ,medicine ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Electromyographic prosthesis with higher degrees of freedom is an expanding area of research. In this paper, active prosthesis with four degrees of freedom has been investigated, which can be used to fit a limb with amputation below elbow. The system comprises of multichannel inputs which correspond to the flexion and extension as well as supination and pronation. To find maximum surface neural activity, accurate placement of electrodes has been carried out on 10 subjects aged between 22-30 years. Signals (0-500 hertz) acquired from contracting voluntary muscles with minimum cross talk and common mode noise. Clean filtered EMG signal is then amplified precisely. Finally digitization is being done to drive bionic hand. Practical demonstration on a simple DC motor proved providential using this method for the two motions of an actual human arm. EMG Signals emanating from muscles dedicated to individual fingers have been recorded. Moreover modern classifiers; KNN and NN have been investigated carefully with selected features through different time and noise levels.
- Published
- 2021
27. Development a model of robot movement with five degrees of freedom for a warehouse
- Author
-
Volodymyr Shvets and Viktor Tkachov
- Subjects
denavit-hartenberg transformations ,HF5001-6182 ,Movement (music) ,Computer science ,Degrees of freedom ,Computer Science::Robotics ,Control theory ,degrees of freedom ,Robot ,T1-995 ,Development (differential geometry) ,Business ,orthonormal coordinate system ,Technology (General) ,robot control algorithm - Abstract
The object of research is a mathematical model describing the movement of a robot with five degrees of freedom for a warehouse. The work was aimed at analyzing the kinematic structure of the manipulator, on the basis of which the base and local coordinate systems were selected, as well as further formalized recording of the kinematic equations in matrix form. It is noted that one of the most problematic places is that the algorithms for controlling the robot most often contain local rules for the interaction of robots between themselves and the external environment, and emergent behavior is manifested as a result of the application of these rules, which does not have a formal description. Therefore, it is important to modernize the models describing the motion of a robot with five degrees of freedom for a warehouse. Using the matrix method, the sequence of constructing coordinate systems is described and its mathematical description is given, which will make it possible to eliminate this drawback in the future. The computer implementation of the developed algorithms was carried out using methods for processing matrix data structures. The principle of constructing a kinematic model of a robot is presented, with the help of which the main coordinate transformation matrices are obtained for robot with five degrees of freedom, and the possibility of taking into account the size of the gaps in the joints is shown. The resulting model is obtained, which is proposed for use in building control algorithms for a robot with an automatic gap selection, as well as in robot calibration. This is due to the fact that the proposed model has a number of features, in particular, the basic coordinate system and the coordinate system of each link of robot with five degrees of freedom are taken into account. This makes it possible to obtain the values of the indicators for the projection of the robot position vector in the initial state, in the rotation of the fourth link at a well-defined angle and in the case of a vertically straightened manipulator. Compared to similar known studies, this provides advantages such as minimizing errors in position, speed and motion accuracy. The object of research is a mathematical model describing the movement of a robot with five degrees of freedom for a warehouse. The work was aimed at analyzing the kinematic structure of the manipulator, on the basis of which the base and local coordinate systems were selected, as well as further formalized recording of the kinematic equations in matrix form. It is noted that one of the most problematic places is that the algorithms for controlling the robot most often contain local rules for the interaction of robots between themselves and the external environment, and emergent behavior is manifested as a result of the application of these rules, which does not have a formal description. Therefore, it is important to modernize the models describing the motion of a robot with five degrees of freedom for a warehouse. Using the matrix method, the sequence of constructing coordinate systems is described and its mathematical description is given, which will make it possible to eliminate this drawback in the future. The computer implementation of the developed algorithms was carried out using methods for processing matrix data structures. The principle of constructing a kinematic model of a robot is presented, with the help of which the main coordinate transformation matrices are obtained for robot with five degrees of freedom, and the possibility of taking into account the size of the gaps in the joints is shown. The resulting model is obtained, which is proposed for use in building control algorithms for a robot with an automatic gap selection, as well as in robot calibration. This is due to the fact that the proposed model has a number of features, in particular, the basic coordinate system and the coordinate system of each link of robot with five degrees of freedom are taken into account. This makes it possible to obtain the values of the indicators for the projection of the robot position vector in the initial state, in the rotation of the fourth link at a well-defined angle and in the case of a vertically straightened manipulator. Compared to similar known studies, this provides advantages such as minimizing errors in position, speed and motion accuracy.
- Published
- 2021
28. A Concrete Example of Construct Construction in Natural Language
- Author
-
Michael Yeomans
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Open science ,15 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services ,Social Psychology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Degrees of freedom ,050109 social psychology ,Concreteness ,computer.software_genre ,17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Open data ,Organizational behavior ,0502 economics and business ,Learning theory ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Artificial intelligence ,Psychology ,Construct (philosophy) ,business ,computer ,050203 business & management ,Applied Psychology ,Natural language ,Natural language processing - Abstract
Concreteness is central to theories of learning in psychology and organizational behavior. However, the literature provides many competing measures of concreteness in natural language. Indeed, researcher degrees of freedom are often large in text analysis. Here, we use concreteness as an example case for how language measures can be systematically evaluated across many studies. We compare many existing measures across datasets from several domains, including written advice, and plan-making (total N = 9,780). We find that many previous measures have surprisingly little measurement validity in our domains of interest. We also show that domain-specific machine learning models consistently outperform domain-general measures. Text analysis is increasingly common, and our work demonstrates how reproducibility and open data can improve measurement validity for high-dimensional data. We conclude with robust guidelines for measuring concreteness, along with a corresponding R package, doc2concrete, as an open-source toolkit for future research.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Configuration analysis of a chain-type reconfigurable modular robot inspired by normal alkane
- Author
-
Feng Jingkai and Jinguo Liu
- Subjects
Sequence ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Degrees of freedom ,General Engineering ,Structure (category theory) ,Motion (geometry) ,02 engineering and technology ,Type (model theory) ,Modular design ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Topology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Matrix (mathematics) ,Robot ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Normal alkane is an unbranched alkane whose structural formula is H-CH2-CH2-⋯-CH2-⋯-CH2-H, which can be regarded as a reconfigurable chain-type structure composed of -CH2- modules. Inspired by normal alkane, a normal-alkane-like re-configurable modular robot (NAR) is proposed. The module consists of two differential gear trains mounted orthogonally. Each differential gear train contains two input degrees of freedom and two output degrees of freedom. Due to the genderless interface design, multiple modules can be assembled into chain-type configuration. With the genderless interfaces and flexible degrees of freedom, NAR can be reconfigured into different dimensions of spatial configuration. The bond matrix is used to describe the configuration, which represents the bond attitude of the adjacent connected modules. In addition, full interconnected geometric feature (FIGF) algorithm is proposed for non-isomorphic configuration enumeration and judgment. The configurations with three modules are simulated and the results verify the feasibility of the algorithm. Finally, a prototype with three modules is fabricated and the configuration motion sequence is demonstrated.
- Published
- 2021
30. Patent Issued for Instrument device manipulator with roll mechanism (USPTO 11771521).
- Subjects
MANIPULATORS (Machinery) ,PATENTS ,ELECTRIC power ,DEGREES of freedom ,ROBOTICS - Abstract
The instrument device manipulator of claim 14, wherein: the first torque coupler protrudes from the attachment interface along the first drive axis; and the second torque coupler protrudes from the attachment interface along the second drive axis. The instrument device manipulator of claim 20, further comprising: a stator gear fixed to the outer housing; and a rotor gear coupled to the motor; wherein the motor drives the rotor gear, such that the rotor gear travels along gear teeth of the stator gear to cause the rotation of the surgical tool holder within the outer housing. The instrument device manipulator of claim 14, further comprising: a stator gear fixed to the base; and a rotor gear coupled to the third actuator, wherein the third actuator drives the rotation of the tool holder by driving rotation of the rotor gear with respect to the stator gear. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
31. Patent Issued for Surgical tool with a two degree of freedom wrist (USPTO 11744645).
- Subjects
DEGREES of freedom ,UMBILICAL cord clamping ,WRIST ,MOTION control devices ,WRIST joint ,DRIVE shafts - Abstract
The minimally invasive surgical tool of claim 3, wherein the pulling members are movable to articulate the end effector relative to the instrument shaft about a pitch axis and a yaw axis that is transverse to the pitch axis. Pivoting of the end effector body relative to the intermediate member orients the end effector body about a second axis relative to the intermediate member. The minimally invasive surgical tool of claim 5, comprising interfacing gear teeth configured so that the equal angles are maintained between: the drive shaft axis and the coupling member axis, and the driven shaft axis and the coupling member axis. The minimally invasive surgical tool of claim 1, wherein: the coupling member comprises a coupling member first end, a coupling member second end, and a coupling member axis defined between the coupling member first end and the coupling member second end; the drive shaft is axially and rotationally coupled with the coupling member first end so that rotation of the drive shaft about the drive shaft axis produces rotation of the coupling member about the coupling member axis; the coupling member second end is axially and rotationally coupled with the driven shaft so that rotation of the coupling member about the coupling member axis produces rotation of the driven shaft about the driven shaft axis; and when an angle between the drive shaft axis and the driven shaft axis varies during rotation of the drive shaft and the driven shaft, equal angles are maintained between: the drive shaft axis and the coupling member axis, and the driven shaft axis and the coupling member axis. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
32. Patent Issued for Manipulator arm and patient-side system for surgical system (USPTO 11744444).
- Subjects
PATENTS ,SURGICAL technology ,DEGREES of freedom ,SURGICAL robots ,RANGE of motion of joints - Abstract
The proximal side unit is attached to the belt member at a first attachment position, and the distal side unit is attached to the belt member at a second attachment position in such a manner that the distal side unit moves in a direction opposite to a direction in which the proximal side unit moves in association with movements of the belt member. The proximal side unit is attached to the belt member at a first attachment position, and the distal side unit is attached to the belt member at a second attachment position in such a manner that the distal side unit moves in a direction opposite to a direction in which the proximal side unit moves in association with movements of the belt member. The translation mechanism includes: a proximal side unit connected to the distal end portion of the arm body; a distal side unit including a tool holding part to which a surgical tool is attached and which includes a motor configured to drive the surgical tool; a connection unit connecting the proximal side unit and the distal side unit; and an electrical wiring circuit electrically connecting the proximal side unit and the distal side unit. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
33. Patent Issued for Two-part endoscope surgical device (USPTO 11730346).
- Subjects
PATENT offices ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,PATENTS ,MEDICAL equipment ,DEGREES of freedom - Published
- 2023
34. Patent Application Titled "Work Assistance Robot" Published Online (USPTO 20230256590).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,PATENT offices ,INTERNET publishing ,ROBOTS ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
The work assistance robot according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of articulated arms include a first articulated arm and a second articulated arm, the plurality of lifting/lowering units include a first lifting/lowering unit configured to lift and lower the first articulated arm and a second lifting/lowering unit configured to lift and lower the second articulated arm, and when the first articulated arm is moved to a position higher than the second articulated arm by the first lifting/lowering unit, the first articulated arm is extendable toward an object of work assistance while overlapping with the second articulated arm in a vertical direction. "According to another aspect of one or more embodiments, there is provided a work assistance robot comprising two articulated arms; two lifting/lowering units on which the two articulated arms are respectively mounted, the two lifting/lowering units configured to lift and lower the two articulated arms, respectively; and a housing to which the two lifting/lowering units are mounted, wherein each of the two articulated arms has seven or more degrees of freedom including a degree of freedom of an up-and-down movement of the articulated arm. The work assistance robot according to claim 10, wherein: the two articulated arms include a first articulated arm and a second articulated arm, the two lifting/lowering units include a first lifting/lowering unit configured to lift and lower the first articulated arm and a second lifting/lowering unit configured to lift and lower the second articulated arm, and when the first articulated arm is moved to a position higher than the second articulated arm by the first lifting/lowering unit, the first articulated arm is extendable toward an object of work assistance while overlapping with the second articulated arm in a vertical direction. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
35. Patent Issued for Microsurgical tool for robotic applications (USPTO 11723730).
- Subjects
PATENT offices ,ROBOTICS ,DEGREES of freedom ,PATENTS ,SURGICAL technology ,MICROSURGERY - Abstract
Keywords: Auris Health Inc.; Business; Emerging Technologies; Health and Medicine; Machine Learning; Medical Devices; Microsurgery; Microsurgical; Microtechnology; Nano-robot; Operative Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Robots; Surgery; Surgical Technology EN Auris Health Inc. Business Emerging Technologies Health and Medicine Machine Learning Medical Devices Microsurgery Microsurgical Microtechnology Nano-robot Operative Surgical Procedures Robotics Robots Surgery Surgical Technology 10134 10134 1 09/04/23 20230908 NES 230908 2023 SEP 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- A patent by the inventors Bovay, Loic Alexandre (Pully, CH), Jiang, Allen (Fremont, CA, US), Reyes, Fernando (Daly City, CA, US), Schuh, Travis (Los Altos, CA, US), filed on April 22, 2020, was published online on August 15, 2023, according to news reporting originating from Alexandria, Virginia, by NewsRx correspondents. To help surgeons stay at the best of their abilities, it is important to consider a surgeon's comfort and keep fatigue to a minimum during a surgical procedure. The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Surgeries can be long and tedious procedures requiring intense focus and high accuracy from a surgeon. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
36. Analysis on the vibration reduction for a new rigid–flexible gear transmission system
- Author
-
Ke Xiao, Jiaxu Wang, Junyang Li, and Zhibo Geng
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Degrees of freedom ,Aerospace Engineering ,Structural engineering ,Physics::Classical Physics ,Gear transmission ,Metal rubber ,Computer Science::Robotics ,Reduction (complexity) ,Vibration ,Nonlinear system ,Mechanics of Materials ,Automotive Engineering ,General Materials Science ,business - Abstract
In this study, a new rigid–flexible gear with metal rubber is proposed to reduce the vibration of the gear transmission system. A nonlinear dynamic model with nine degrees of freedom considering bearing clearance, gear backlash, surface friction, and time-varying meshing stiffness is established. The nondimensional dynamic model of the transmission system is obtained and the bifurcation characteristics of the new rigid–flexible gear pair and the rigid gear pair are analyzed when the damping coefficient is, respectively, 0.03 and 0.1. The result shows that the motion state of the rigid–flexible gear pair is more stable. The dynamic responses of the rigid gear pair and the rigid–flexible gear pair are compared as well through numerical analysis and experiment to illustrate the advantage of the rigid–flexible gear pair in vibration reduction. The results can provide reference for vibration reduction of the novel gear transmission.
- Published
- 2021
37. Robotic colorectal surgery and ergonomics
- Author
-
Phillip F Yang, Zhen Hao Ang, Shing Wai Wong, and Philip J. Crowe
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Degrees of freedom ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Health Informatics ,Colorectal surgery ,Visualization ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Workflow ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Surgery ,Robotic surgery ,business ,Haptic technology ,Camera control - Abstract
Improved ergonomics for the operating surgeon may be an advantage of robotic colorectal surgery. Perceived robotic ergonomic advantages in visualisation include better exposure, three-dimensional vision, surgeon camera control, and line of sight screen location. Postural advantages include seated position and freedom from the constraints of the sterile operating field. Manipulation benefits include articulated instruments with seven degrees of freedom movement, elimination of fulcrum effect, tremor filtration, and scaling of movement. Potential ergonomic detriments of robotic surgery include lack of haptic feedback, visual, and mental strain from increased operating time and interruptions to workflow from crowding.
- Published
- 2021
38. Optimal 3D printing of complex objects in a 5–axis printer
- Author
-
Diana Pinho, A. I. F. Vaz, Bruna Ramos, Daniela Martins, and Luís Nunes Vicente
- Subjects
021103 operations research ,Control and Optimization ,Optimization problem ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Heuristic (computer science) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Degrees of freedom ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Aerospace Engineering ,3D printing ,02 engineering and technology ,Personalization ,Computer engineering ,Decomposition (computer science) ,021108 energy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Global optimization ,Rotation (mathematics) ,Software ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has emerged in the last decades as an innovative technology to build complex structures. It enables increasing design complexity and low-cost customization with a vast range of materials. AM capabilities contributed to a widespread acceptance of 3D printing in different industries such as the aerospace and the automotive. However, important issues and limitations still need to be addressed, namely in printing complex objects where supports and material roughness surface are to be minimized. In this work we consider a 5–axis printer with the three traditional xyz movements and two additional degrees of freedom on the printer table bed. These extra degrees of freedom (table bed rotation and tilt) allow printing of more complex objects, and we propose an approach which consists on the decomposition of complex objects into simpler parts, allowing each part to be printed in an optimal way. We aim to reduce the number of supports needed and attain high final object quality due to lower material surface roughness. The optimal printing direction (or, equivalently, rotation) and sequencing of the object parts is determined by solving a combinatorial sequencing optimization problem. All the local or global optimal parts rotations are obtained by solving a global optimization sub-problem for each part, and are taken as input parameters for the sequencing optimization problem. We provide a heuristic approach for the combinatorial sequencing optimization problem, and a multistart multisplit search methodology for computing all the local or global optimal parts rotations for the sub-problems.
- Published
- 2021
39. MorphFace: A Hybrid Morphable Face for a Robopatient
- Author
-
Fumiya Iida, Thrishantha Nanayakkara, Liang He, Nejra Van Zalk, Simon de Lusignan, Florence Leong, Thilina Dulantha Lalitharatne, Yongxuan Tan, Lalitharatne, TD [0000-0003-4251-3878], Tan, Y [0000-0003-2140-8390], He, L [0000-0002-4493-4660], Leong, F [0000-0002-2516-9625], De Lusignan, S [0000-0002-8553-2641], Iida, F [0000-0001-9246-7190], Nanayakkara, T [0000-0002-1882-1232], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
- Subjects
Technology ,medical robots and systems ,Control and Optimization ,Observer (quantum physics) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Feature extraction ,Biomedical Engineering ,modeling and simulating humans ,Palpation ,050105 experimental psychology ,Gesture ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Artificial Intelligence ,Perception ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Computer vision ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Facial expression ,Science & Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,05 social sciences ,Degrees of freedom ,Robotics ,Skin colour ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,posture and facial expressions ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Face (geometry) ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Psychology ,business ,0913 Mechanical Engineering - Abstract
Physicians use pain expressions shown in a patient's face to regulate their palpation methods during physical examination. Training to interpret patients’ facial expressions with different genders and ethnicities still remains a challenge, taking novices a long time to learn through experience. This letter presents MorphFace: a controllable 3D physical-virtual hybrid face to represent pain expressions of patients from different ethnicity-gender backgrounds. It is also an intermediate step to expose trainee physicians to the gender and ethnic diversity of patients. We extracted four principal components from the Chicago Face Database to design a four degrees of freedom (DoF) physical face controlled via tendons to span $\sim\!85\%$ of facial variations among gender and ethnicity. Details such as skin colour, skin texture, and facial expressions are synthesized by a virtual model and projected onto the 3D physical face via a front-mounted LED projector to obtain a hybrid controllable patient face simulator. A user study revealed that certain differences in ethnicity between the observer and the MorphFace lead to different perceived pain intensity for the same pain level rendered by the MorphFace. This highlights the value of having MorphFace as a controllable hybrid simulator to quantify perceptual differences during physician training.
- Published
- 2021
40. Load control and unsteady aerodynamics for floating wind turbines
- Author
-
Xiaocheng Zhu, Zhaohui Du, and Xin Shen
- Subjects
Wind power ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Degrees of freedom ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Floating wind turbine ,02 engineering and technology ,Aerodynamics ,Inflow ,Turbine ,Offshore wind power ,020401 chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,business ,Floating platform ,Geology ,Marine engineering - Abstract
Unlike fixed-base offshore wind turbine, the soft floating platform introduces 6 more degrees of freedom of motions to the floating offshore wind turbine. This may cause much more complex inflow environment to the wind turbine rotors compared with fixed-base wind turbine. The wind seen locally on the blade changes due to the motions of the floating wind turbine platform which has a direct impact on the aerodynamic condition on the blade such as the angle of attack and the inflow velocity. Such unsteady aerodynamic effects may lead to high fluctuation of the loads and power output. The present work aims to study the high unsteady aerodynamic performance of the floating wind turbine under platform surge motion. The unsteady aerodynamic loads are predicted with a lifting surface method with a free wake model. A preview predict control algorithm is used as the pitch control strategy. A full scale U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW floating wind turbine is chosen as the subject of the present study. The unsteady aerodynamic performance and instabilities have been discussed in detail under prescribed platform surge motions with different control targets. Both minimizing the power output and rotor thrust fluctuation are set as the control objectives respectively. The theory analysis and the simulation results indicate that the blade pitch control can effectively alleviate the variation of the rotor thrust under platform surge motions. Larger amplitude of the variation of blade pitch is needed to alleviate the variation of the wind turbine power and this leads to high rotor thrust fluctuation. It is also shown that negative damping can be achieved during the blade pitch control process and may lead the floating platform wind turbine system into unstable condition.
- Published
- 2021
41. Modeling and analysis on the static stiffness of cross roller guide under five degrees of freedom
- Author
-
ShuYun Jiang and Yao Wang
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,business.industry ,Degrees of freedom ,medicine ,Stiffness ,Structural engineering ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Mathematics - Published
- 2021
42. Workspace Design and Trajectory Planning of a Five Degree of Freedom Mobile Welding Manipulator for Spherical Objects
- Author
-
Zareena Kausar, Taimoor Zahid, Jianfei Pan, Muhammad Tallal Saeed, and Muhammad Faizan Shah
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,Kinematics ,Welding ,Workspace ,law.invention ,Computer Science::Robotics ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,law ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,Parabolic trajectory ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Robotics ,welding workspace ,TK1-9971 ,Degrees of freedom ,Kinematics equations ,kinematics ,trajectory ,Trajectory ,Robot ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,mobile manipulator ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business - Abstract
Mobile Manipulators (MM) has attracted a lot of researchers for incorporation in the robotics field owning to their multitude of applications in real world. Welding automation has its wide applications in industry like automobile manufacturing and power generation industry involving spherical tanks. The objective of this study is to design workspace and devise a methodology to plan position trajectory of welding tool that produces smooth welding while the mobile platform turns simultaneously. The robot proposed in this paper has the manipulator mounted on a platform moving as a turntable to increase the workspace and enhances the mobility of the manipulator. The earlier produces linear segment of weld while the later produces parabolic segment. The kinematic equations for mobile platform and the mounted manipulator are described in detail. The workspace of the robot is visualized based on computations of transformation matrices and jacobians structured based on kinematic equation. Trajectories for each joint, computed using inverse kinematic equations, are also presented. For spherical trajectories the solution of system equations is combined with constraint values for each manipulator joint, thus allowing computation of desired joint position at any time interval. The efficacy of the proposed methodology for the trajectory planning is tested through a case study. The simulation results of motion transformation, workspace and trajectory show that linear segments of the trajectory combine with parabolic trajectory segments smoothly with zero acceleration within designed reachable workspace. The experimental results verify the efficacy of application of presented kinematic and inverse kinematic models for welding of spherical objects.
- Published
- 2021
43. Optimal Thread-In and Thread-Out Strategies for Heavy Plate Levelers
- Author
-
Andreas Kugi, Andreas Steinboeck, and R. Brauneis
- Subjects
Leveler ,Control and Systems Engineering ,business.industry ,Deflection (engineering) ,Computer science ,Work (physics) ,Degrees of freedom ,Process (computing) ,Head (vessel) ,Structural engineering ,Thread (computing) ,business - Abstract
In this paper, a method to determine optimal adjustment trajectories for the loading and unloading phases of heavy plate levelers is proposed. Due to the high leveling forces, the elastic structure of the leveler is deformed. The available adjustment possibilities of the machine are typically used to actively compensate for the deflection of its work rolls. However, only a small subset of the available degrees of freedom of the leveler may be controlled under load. Therefore, the optimal adjustment is typically determined for the highest expected load and uniformly applied during the whole leveling process. As a consequence, the deflection is overcompensated during the loading and unloading phases of the plate and the head and tail ends of the plate might develop ski-ends. To avoid such an overcompensation, the adjustable degrees of freedom of the leveler can be used. Based on an accurate deflection model of the leveler, the loading and unloading phases of the plate are simulated and the input trajectories for the adjustable degrees of freedom of the leveler are optimized. The proposed approach is validated with simulations.
- Published
- 2021
44. Multiple Geographical Feature Label Placement Based on Multiple Candidate Positions in Two Degrees of Freedom Space
- Author
-
Jiqiu Deng, Mohammad Naser Lessani, and Zhiyong Guo
- Subjects
Automatic label placement ,discrete differential evolution and genetic algorithm ,General Computer Science ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Degrees of freedom ,General Engineering ,Pattern recognition ,Visualization ,TK1-9971 ,two degrees of freedom space ,Feature (computer vision) ,Position (vector) ,multiple candidate positions ,Genetic algorithm ,Line (geometry) ,General Materials Science ,Point (geometry) ,Artificial intelligence ,NP-hard problem ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,Feature label placement - Abstract
Automatic multiple geographical feature label placement (MGFLP) is a combinatorial optimization problem shown to be an NP-hard problem, and it is a challenge in automatic cartography. Many automatic label placement algorithms for point, line, and area features were put forward. It is a common way to use multiple candidate positions (MCP) for label placement, but the research in this way mostly focuses on point features and does not take all three types of features and all the possible candidate positions into account on the map. Therefore, in this paper, the concept of degrees of spatial freedom for feature label placement is proposed based on the idea of degrees of freedom of mechanical motion. We define the degrees of freedom (DOF) and its space for feature labels on a planar map so as the potential space, including all the optional candidate positions of each feature label, can be standardized. Based on two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) space, feature reference position (FRP), and certain buffer distance (CBD) from FRP, we studied the methods including generating, calculating, evaluating, and selecting MCP for feature label. By using and improving the discrete differential evolution genetic algorithm (DDEGA), we carried out MGFLP experiments on the same dataset used by DDEGA algorithm. The results show that: 1) although the MCP based on the 2-DOF space increase the complexity of the NP-hard problem, however, the obtained results by optimizing the performance of the algorithm and increasing the number of candidate positions are still better than the traditional 8-candidate positions model. 2) In the same 2-DOF space, increasing the candidate positions from less to more along each direction of the 2-DOF space improves the quality of label placement.
- Published
- 2021
45. Design and analysis of rocket nozzle
- Author
-
R. Harikrishnan and Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Quadrilateral ,business.industry ,Degrees of freedom ,Rocket engine nozzle ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Stress (mechanics) ,Temperature gradient ,0103 physical sciences ,Boundary value problem ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Driven element ,Mathematics ,Stress concentration - Abstract
This paper is about the design and analysis of two different rocket nozzle configurations. First configuration is without any fillets and curved surfaces and second configuration is with fillets and curved surfaces. Second configuration is used since stress concentration will be more at the corners if we don’t have an optimized geometry having suitable fillets at appropriate places. Radiuses of fillets are chosen by previous studies conducted by academicians and design scientists for optimized configurations which give less overall induced stress values and hence more life. Initial configuration and Optimized configuration were drawn in ANSYS Mechanical APDL 14.5 and coupled element Quad 8 node 223 was selected for analysis. Material selected was Ti6Al4V (Grade 5). Quadrilateral mapped meshing was done and suitable boundary conditions were applied with the help of AXIMER 1.0 software. Different plots were obtained for Degrees of Freedom solution, Stress, Thermal Flux, Thermal Gradient and Total Thermal and Mechanical Strains for the two configurations. The degrees of freedom solution is calculated for all active degrees of freedom in the model, which are determined by the union of all degrees of freedom labels associated with all the active element types. It can be controlled and in this case, it would give the total number of degrees of freedom in every element of the model. Compared the two configurations and explained why the second configuration is better than the first.
- Published
- 2021
46. Communicating With Large Intelligent Surfaces: Fundamental Limits and Models
- Author
-
Davide Dardari and Dardari D.
- Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP) ,FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Large intelligent surface ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Computer Science - Information Theory ,02 engineering and technology ,Degrees of freedom (mechanics) ,Topology ,fundamental limit ,degrees of freedom ,FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Wireless ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Wireless network ,business.industry ,Information Theory (cs.IT) ,Transmitter ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Eigenfunction ,wireless communication ,metasurface ,Spatial capacity ,holographic MIMO ,business ,Communication channel - Abstract
This paper analyzes the optimal communication involving large intelligent surfaces (LIS) starting from electromagnetic arguments. Since the numerical solution of the corresponding eigenfunctions problem is in general computationally prohibitive, simple but accurate analytical expressions for the link gain and available spatial degrees-of-freedom (DoF) are derived. It is shown that the achievable DoF and gain offered by the wireless link are determined only by geometric factors, and that the classical Friis' formula is no longer valid in this scenario where the transmitter and receiver could operate in the near-field regime. Furthermore, results indicate that, contrarily to classical MIMO systems, when using LIS-based antennas DoF larger than 1 can be exploited even in strong line-of-sight (LOS) channel conditions, which corresponds to a significant increase in spatial capacity density, especially when working at millimeter waves., Comment: Presented in part at thge IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020. In publication on IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless Networks Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, 2020 (IEEE JSAC, Nov 2020)
- Published
- 2020
47. State-of-the-art in speaker recognition
- Author
-
Marcos Faundez-Zanuy and E Monte-Moreno
- Subjects
Direct voice input ,Flexibility (engineering) ,FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Sound (cs.SD) ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Knowledge economy ,Speech recognition ,Degrees of freedom ,Iris recognition ,Fingerprint (computing) ,Aerospace Engineering ,Access control ,Speaker recognition ,Computer Science - Sound ,Machine Learning (cs.LG) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS) ,FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Recent advances in speech technologies have produced new tools that can be used to improve the performance and flexibility of speaker recognition While there are few degrees of freedom or alternative methods when using fingerprint or iris identification techniques, speech offers much more flexibility and different levels for performing recognition: the system can force the user to speak in a particular manner, different for each attempt to enter. Also with voice input the system has other degrees of freedom, such as the use of knowledge/codes that only the user knows, or dialectical/semantical traits that are difficult to forge. This paper offers and overview of the state of the art in speaker recognition, with special emphasis on the pros and contras, and the current research lines. The current research lines include improved classification systems, and the use of high level information by means of probabilistic grammars. In conclusion, speaker recognition is far away from being a technology where all the possibilities have already been explored., 7 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.11459
- Published
- 2022
48. Unlocking the future of optical security with metasurfaces
- Author
-
Jaehyuck Jang, Trevon Badloe, and Junsuk Rho
- Subjects
Angular momentum ,Computer science ,Phase (waves) ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Micro-optics ,Encryption ,Prime (order theory) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Displays ,News & Views ,Applied optics. Photonics ,030304 developmental biology ,Computer Science::Cryptography and Security ,Nanophotonics and plasmonics ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Degrees of freedom ,Electrical engineering ,Optical security ,QC350-467 ,Optics. Light ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polarization (waves) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,TA1501-1820 ,Metamaterials ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The complex degrees of freedom of light, such as amplitude, phase, polarization, and orbital angular momentum, make it a prime candidate for use in optical security and encryption. By exploiting the unique characteristics of metasurfaces, exciting new optical security platforms have been demonstrated.
- Published
- 2021
49. Metamaterials with high degrees of freedom: space, time, and more
- Author
-
Nader Engheta
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,Space time ,QC1-999 ,Degrees of freedom ,photonics ,Metamaterial ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,dimensionality ,metamaterial ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Classical mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,light–matter interaction ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Photonics ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology ,Curse of dimensionality - Abstract
In this brief opinionated article, I present a personal perspective on metamterials with high degrees of freedom and dimensionality and discuss their potential roles in enriching light–matter interaction in photonics and related fields.
- Published
- 2020
50. Development of Voice Operated Exoskeleton Arm Using Solar Power
- Author
-
AlMubashir P M, Shifa Fathima, Chalana V, and Christy Rockey
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Control theory ,Degrees of freedom ,business ,Solar power ,Exoskeleton - Published
- 2020
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