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1. Tracking with CVD diamond radiation sensors at high luminosity colliders

Author

Steven Prawer, Franco Bogani, Shaun Roe, P. Weilhammer, Gregory David Hallewell, D. Kania, R. J. Tapper, Markus Friedl, C. Karl, Richard Hall-Wilton, M. Procario, E. Berdermann, V. Speziali, Josef Hrubec, A. Peitz, Christopher G. White, M. Pernicka, K. K. Gan, Steve Schnetzer, H. Kagan, Hans Ziock, Dirk Meier, R. Wedenig, Wolfgang Adam, S. Han, Fred Hartjes, Mara Bruzzi, A. Logiudice, J. DaGraca, P. Polesello, E. Grigoriev, Philippe Bergonzo, Claudio Manfredotti, J.L. Riester, A. Rudge, DG Roff, Silvio Sciortino, P.F. Manfredi, O. Runolfsson, F. Foulon, R. D. Kass, James Russ, A. Fallou, R. Marshall, M. Mishina, P A. Delpierre, S. Pirollo, R. Tesarek, F. Fizzotti, Ettore Vittone, Christian Bauer, E. Borchi, R.J. Plano, R. Lu, B. Van Eijk, Valerio Re, J. Conway, Robert Stone, William Trischuk, A. M. Walsh, M. Trawick, B. Suter, L. S. Pan, W. Dulinski, Gordon Thomson, Etienne Gheeraert, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, K. Pretzl, Alain Deneuville, A. Oh, C. Colledani, D. Husson, Manfred Krammer, Sunil Somalwar, David N. Jamieson, Harald Joerg Stelzer, A. Brambilla, M. M. Zoeller, K. T. Knoepfle, J. Kaplon, V.G. Palmieri, and ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Chemical vapor deposition, Radiation, engineering.material, Particle detector, law.invention, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, CVD DIAMOND, Physics, Radiation Detector, Large Hadron Collider, Interaction point, business.industry, Diamond, Particle accelerator, CVD diamond detector, READOUT, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, engineering, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

Recent progress on developing diamond-based sensors for vertex detection at high luminosity hadron colliders is described. Measurements of the performance of diamond sensors after irradiation to fluences of up to 5/spl times/10/sup 15/ hadrons/cm/sup 2/ are shown. These indicate that diamond sensors will operate at distances as close as 5 cm from the interaction point at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for many years at full luminosity without significant degradation in performance. Measurements of the quality of the signals from diamond sensors as well as spatial uniformity are presented. Test beam results on measurements of diamond-based microstrip and pixels devices are described.

Published
1999
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2. Parameterisation of radiation effects on CVD diamond for proton irradiation

Author

R. Tesarek, L. S. Pan, J. Conway, P. Polesello, J. Kaplon, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Christopher G. White, S. Pirollo, A. Logiudice, P.F. Manfredi, R. D. Kass, Ettore Vittone, Dirk Meier, Richard Hall-Wilton, C. Colledani, Gregory David Hallewell, C. Manfredotti, Markus Friedl, D. Kania, R. J. Tapper, O. Runolfsson, William Trischuk, Robert Stone, A. M. Walsh, C. Karl, Steve Schnetzer, A. Peitz, P A. Delpierre, Josef Hrubec, A. Rudge, A. P. Wagner, F. Hartjes, M. Trawick, W. Dulinski, Manfred Krammer, F. Fizzotti, Christian Bauer, B. Suter, V. Speziali, F. Foulon, Harris Kagan, S. Han, A. Oh, D. Husson, R. Wedenig, Etienne Gheeraert, Mara Bruzzi, R. Marshall, M. M. Zoeller, Hans-Joachim Ziock, V. G. Palmieri, DG Roff, Silvio Sciortino, Wolfgang Adam, Franco Bogani, P. Weilhammer, M. Mishina, J.L. Riester, A. Deneuville, Harald Joerg Stelzer, E. Grigoriev, Shaun Roe, A. Brambilla, Valerio Re, K. K. Gan, E. Berdermann, B. Van Eijk, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, K. Pretzl, E. Borchi, M. Procario, Philippe Bergonzo, James Russ, A. Fallou, M. Pernicka, R. Lu, K. T. Knöpfle, and ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Radiation hardness, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation Detector, Materials science, Proton, business.industry, CVD diamond detector, Chemical vapor deposition, Radiation, CVD DIAMOND, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Surface coating, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Atomic physics, business, Radiation hardening
Abstract

The paper reviews measurements of the radiation hardness of CVD diamond for 24 GeV/c proton irradiation at fluences up to 5 ∗ 10 15 protons/cm 2 . The results not only show radiation damage but also an annealing effect that is dominant at levels around 10 15 protons/cm 2 . A model describing both effects is introduced, enabling a prediction of the distribution curve of the charge signal for other levels.

Published
1999

3. CVD diamond detectors for ionizing radiation

Author

Ettore Vittone, Alain Deneuville, Hans Ziock, A. Oh, Harris Kagan, S. Han, Dirk Meier, Gregory David Hallewell, Heinz Pernegger, L. S. Pan, R. Tesarek, M. Mishina, William Trischuk, A. M. Walsh, Silvio Sciortino, C. Karl, Markus Friedl, J. Conway, Robert Stone, Wolfgang Adam, R. Wedenig, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Steve Schnetzer, V. Speziali, C. Colledani, Fred Hartjes, W. Dulinski, K. Pretzl, C. Manfredotti, Gordon Thomson, DG Roff, A. Logiudice, A. Rudge, F. Foulon, Manfred Krammer, P. Polesello, K. K. Gan, Richard Hall-Wilton, A. Peitz, J.L. Riester, F. Fizzotti, P.F. Manfredi, Shaun Roe, Christian Bauer, R. Lu, S. Pirollo, K. T. Knöpfle, R. Marshall, R. D. Kass, M. M. Zoeller, E. Grigoriev, D. Husson, Franco Bogani, P. Weilhammer, V.G. Palmieri, Harald Joerg Stelzer, J. Kaplon, E. Berdermann, A. Brambilla, Valerio Re, P A. Delpierre, Mara Bruzzi, M. Trawick, B. Van Eijk, Etienne Gheeraert, D. Kania, R. J. Tapper, Josef Hrubec, M. Pernicka, E. Borchi, Philippe Bergonzo, A. Fallou, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RD42, and ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Nuclear electronics, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, CVD DIAMOND, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Diamond, CVD diamond detector, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, READOUT, engineering, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

In future HEP accelerators, such as the LHC (CERN), detectors and electronics in the vertex region of the experiments will suffer from extreme radiation. Thus radiation hardness is required for both detectors and electronics to survive in this harsh environment. CVD diamond, which is investigated by the RD42 Collaboration at CERN, can meet these requirements. Samples of up to 2×4 cm 2 have been grown and refined for better charge collection properties, which are measured with a β source or in a testbeam. A large number of diamond samples has been irradiated with hadrons to fluences of up to 5×10 15 cm −2 to study the effects of radiation. Both strip and pixel detectors were prepared in various geometries. Samples with strip metallization have been tested with both slow and fast readout electronics, and the first diamond pixel detector proved fully functional with LHC electronics.

Published
1999

4. The first bump-bonded pixel detectors on CVD diamond

Author

Valerio Re, A. Wagner, D. Fasching, E. Berdermann, P.K. Sinervo, Philippe Bergonzo, Steve Schnetzer, A. Fallou, S. Pirollo, Manfred Krammer, J. Steuerer, M. M. Zoeller, Robert Stone, J. Kaplon, L. S. Pan, J. Richardson, P. Delpierre, M. Trawick, W. Dulinski, M. Mishina, C. Colledani, A. Joshi, G. Zizka, E. Charles, R. D. Kass, Etienne Gheeraert, Harris Kagan, D. Husson, K. Dao, F. Fizzotti, Christian Bauer, Hans-Joachim Ziock, K. K. Gan, J.L. Riester, S. Kleinfelder, S. Han, Murdock Gilchriese, A. Oh, Shaun Roe, E. Grigoriev, Franco Bogani, P. Weilhammer, Ettore Vittone, E. Borchi, Gregory David Hallewell, A. M. Walsh, A. Deneuville, V.G. Palmieri, A. Rudge, R. Marshall, F. Foulon, Mara Bruzzi, M. Pernicka, William Trischuk, R. Tesarek, Kevin Einsweiler, Harald Joerg Stelzer, J. Conway, Dirk Meier, A. Brambilla, Silvio Sciortino, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. Kania, R. J. Tapper, R. Wedenig, Fred Hartjes, C. Karl, DG Roff, Richard Hall-Wilton, A. Peitz, N. Palaio, Josef Hrubec, P. Polesello, Claudio Manfredotti, O. Milgrome, P.F. Manfredi, Markus Friedl, Renato Turchetta, V. Speziali, Wolfgang Adam, R. Lu, B. Van Eijk, A. Logiudice, Alessandra Ciocio, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, and K. Pretzl

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CVD DIAMOND, CVD diamond detector, RADIATION DETECTORS, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Diamond, engineering.material, Particle detector, law.invention, Telescope, Surface coating, Optics, law, Nuclear electronics, engineering, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

Diamond is a nearly ideal material for detecting ionising radiation. Its outstanding radiation hardness, fast charge collection and low leakage current allow it to be used in high radiation environments. These characteristics make diamond sensors particularly appealing for use in the next generation of pixel detectors. Over the last year, the RD42 collaboration has worked with several groups that have developed pixel readout electronics in order to optimise diamond sensors for bump-bonding. This effort resulted in an operational diamond pixel sensor that was tested in a pion beam. We demonstrate that greater than 98% of the channels were successfully bump-bonded and functioning. The device shows good overall hit efficiency as well as clear spatial hit correlation to tracks measured in a silicon reference telescope. A position resolution of 14.8 μm was observed, consistent with expectations given the detector pitch.

Published
1999

5. Review of the development of diamond radiation sensors

Author

Shaun Roe, K. K. Gan, C. Karl, Alain Deneuville, J.L. Riester, Steve Schnetzer, P.F. Manfredi, Hans Ziock, A. Rudge, Wolfgang Adam, A. Oh, Harris Kagan, R. Tesarek, Harald Joerg Stelzer, E. Berdermann, F. Foulon, V.G. Palmieri, S. Pirollo, S. Han, M. Trawick, Dirk Meier, Gregory David Hallewell, J. Conway, B. Van Eijk, D. Kania, R. J. Tapper, A. Brambilla, D. Husson, V. Speziali, P A. Delpierre, M. Mishina, P. Polesello, Robert Stone, Franco Bogani, E. Grigoriev, Etienne Gheeraert, Markus Friedl, Valerio Re, C. Colledani, P. Weilhammer, Silvio Sciortino, C. Manfredotti, M. M. Zoeller, Josef Hrubec, Manfred Krammer, A. Logiudice, Gordon Thomson, W. Trischuk, Philippe Bergonzo, J. Kaplon, Mara Bruzzi, L. S. Pan, R. Marshall, A. Fallou, Ettore Vittone, E. Borchi, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, K. Pretzl, R. Lu, K. T. Knöpfle, A. M. Walsh, M. Pernicka, F. Fizzotti, W. Dulinski, Christian Bauer, Richard Hall-Wilton, A. Peitz, R. Wedenig, Fred Hartjes, DG Roff, R. D. Kass, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and RD42

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Radiation, engineering.material, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, Image resolution, Radiation hardening, 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surface coating, engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Diamond radiation sensors produced by chemical vapour deposition are studied for the application as tracking detectors in high luminosity experiments. Sensors with a charge collection distance up to 250 μm have been manufactured. Their radiation hardness has been studied with pions, proton and neutrons up to fluences of 1.9×10 15 π cm −2 , 5×10 15 p cm −2 and 1.35×10 15 n cm −2 , respectively. Diamond micro-strip detectors with 50 μm pitch have been exposed in a high-energy test beam in order to investigate their charge collection properties. The measured spatial resolution using a centre-of-gravity position finding algorithm corresponds to the digital resolution for this strip pitch. First results from a strip tracker with a 2×4 cm 2 surface area are reported as well as the performance of a diamond tracker read out by radiation-hard electronics with 25 ns shaping time. Diamond pixel sensors have been prepared to match the geometries of the recently available read-out chip prototypes for ATLAS and CMS. Beam test results are shown from a diamond detector bump-bonded to an ATLAS prototype read-out. They demonstrate a 98% bump-bonding efficiency and a digital resolution in both dimensions.

Published
1998

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