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Water resource allocation in multinational river basins has been a major concern for all riparian countries. From the perspective of cooperative and sustainable water resource development, considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of the water demand, namely, the priority of water use due to the geographic location of each riparian country, the seasonality of water demand, and the differences in the net utility of water utilization, this paper constructs a fuzzy coalition game model for multinational water resource allocation and provides the optimal allocation strategy using the example of the Lancang-Mekong River. The study indicates that considering the geographic locations and the differences in the water utility of each country compared with the initial allocation strategy based on agricultural water demand, the cooperative strategy increases the allocated water resources in high-utility countries (expect countries near the estuary) and the overall water utility in the entire basin. Then, considering the seasonality of the water resource reallocation, the fuzzy coalition among riparian countries further increases the net water utility of each country and achieves the optimal allocation. As the preconditions for the establishment of cooperative relationships, upstream countries need to transfer partial water rights to downstream countries in certain seasons. The basic idea that is presented in this paper, the fuzzy coalition model of water resource allocation with spaciotemporal constraints, can be applied to the water allocation of other multinational rivers.

Government subsidies (GSs) have triggered a remarkable increase in the production capacity of photovoltaic (PV) electricity in China. However, the lack of core technologies has limited PV enterprises’ competitiveness in the global market. This research investigates the impacts of R&D subsidies and non-R&D subsidies on the innovation in PV enterprises. With samples of Chinese listed PV enterprises from 2010 to 2019, this study finds R&D subsidies exert a notable positive impact on the innovation in PV enterprises. In small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and enterprises without state-owned shares, both R&D subsidies and non-R&D subsidies have positive impacts on the innovation. Considering the policy orientation, R&D subsidies granted under demand-orientation policies promote the innovation in PV enterprises. The government should increase the amount of R&D subsidies, optimize the R&D subsidies’ evaluation mechanism, and reasonably grant R&D subsidies from the demand side.

Complex disasters have the evolutionary features developed from natural disasters to social crises. Moreover, complex disaster management involves serious social conflicts among multiple stakeholders including the polluting enterprise, nearby residents and local government. In this paper, we follow the holism paradigms to analyze complex environmental catastrophes from the viewpoint of disaster cycle, which is described as the three-phase dynamic game model. The paper reveals some important insights on complex disaster management. Whether the problematic enterprise takes the informational disclosure strategy or not depends on the nearby residents’ actual protest behavior. For risk-averse residents, the local government has to provide larger environmental compensations as risk premium. The increasing residents’ protest input should help to improve the compensation and to increase the cleaner production investment. The problematic enterprise’s global optimal production investment shall decrease considering the environmental tax. Thus, the global optimal solution in complex environmental catastrophes is completely different from the local optimal solution in the perspective of reductionism.

The periodical fluctuation phenomenon appears in coal mine and other fields of government safety supervision. The paper provides a theoretical explanation by building an evolutionary game model between coal mine industry and governmental supervision institutions. Moreover, the paper provides a numerical example to demonstrate how the initial state and the costs (or gains) influence the fluctuation amplitude and the equilibrium position. We find that the initial state and the payoffs of different strategies are the two main determinants of periodical fluctuation phenomenon. The successful experience of coal mine safety supervision in China shows the importance of highly efficient government safety governance in developing countries.

Chinese rural labor transfer is characterized by acquaintance introduction and is mainly composed of young people, consistent with the bounded rationality hypothesis in evolutionary games. The paper first applies evolutionary game theory combined with scenario analysis for the quantitative prediction of long term trends in rural labor transfer in China. First, it discusses the evolutionary mechanism of the general replicator dynamic model in rural labor transfer. In particular, we use evolutionary games to build a causality prediction model forecasting the long term trends in rural labor transfer, where the residuals of the forecasting model, after removing the economic payoff differences, are considered as the social factors, i.e., the employment barriers in the urban sectors, affecting the transfer decision-making. Based on the historical time series data of income and population distribution of rural employment in various sectors, the paper builds a time series forecasting model of employment barriers of different urban sectors. Given the future uncertainties in economic factors, i.e., the urban–rural income gaps which affect the rural labor transfer, we introduce scenario analysis into the evolutionary game forecasting model. We consider three scenarios of the urban–rural income differences: (1) the average situation – no change in the current urban–rural income differences, (2) the pessimistic situation – the income differences fall into the middle-income trap, and (3) the optimistic situation – the income gap approaches the level in developed countries, to forecast the long term trends in the rural labor transfer in China.

While earlier studies have extensively evidenced the path-dependent character of technological evolution - whereby the rise of new technologies is heavily constrained by the portfolio of preexisting technologies in a certain city, surprisingly little is known about the local variations in the degree of path-dependency and the factors underlying this spatial heterogeneity. Based on a case study of transmission and digital information technology (H04L patents) in China, we perform a geographically and temporally weighted regression to unveil the local variations in regional technological path-dependency. To explain these variations, we further dissect the extent to which local actors may dislodge regional economy from path-dependent technological regimes, and the extent to which their path-breaking capabilities may diverge geographically. The model reveals that while all cities in China are subject to path-dependency in the development of H04L technology, the effect of technological relatedness is especially pronounced in the southern coastline, where industrial innovation enables a much larger impact of technological relatedness on H04L technological progress. By contrast, the technological path-dependency withers in the vicinity of eastern coastline, particularly in the Jing-Jin-Ji area, Yangtze River Delta and their western hinterlands, where university innovation exerts a relatively higher degree of path-breaking effect on H04L technology. Additionally, local governmental support is also conducive to inducing H04L technological discontinuities for latecomers by dislodging them from path-dependent technological regimes.

This paper studies evolutionary mechanism and information supervision of public opinions in Internet emergency. The netizen behaviors are characterized by observation, imitation and learning, which well fits the hypothesis of bounded rationality in evolutionary games. In this paper, we define the “netizen acceptance degree” in cases of some social hot topics as the payoff in factor games, and build the evolutionary equation of public opinions, which is the infectious diseases diffusion model with changing population size. After that, we apply the theoretical model to the evolutionary course of pubic opinions in a real Internet emergency case, i.e., the “10.24 Self-sacrifice Event” in China. The effects of Internet information supervision and control measures for social affairs on the evolutionary course of public opinions are discussed based on results of numerical simulation.

Two evolutionary mechanisms of mass contingency events are discussed, which are the cognition structure and the social network structure of the vulnerable groups and also the important problem in public security engineering of developing country. The paper analyzes the developing process of social network driven by conflict. Because the abundant participants share the expensive protest cost, the opinion leaders or sponsors organize the social network in the vulnerable group to maintain their legitimate rights and interests. The theoretical research shows that the protest strategy is feasible as soon as the social network reaches the minimal numbers. The CHAM strike event in 2010 provides an excellent case to explain the three-phase developing process of mass contingency events and the hiberarchy social network driven by the conflict. Lastly, it makes the simulation analysis about the social network of the CHAM strike under the Netlogo platform, where the simulating result is in accordance with the theoretical analysis.

Social networks (SNS in short) such as Sina Weibo have now become one of the most popular Internet applications. A major challenge to social networks is the huge amount of spammers, or fake accounts generated by computer programmes. Traditional approaches in combating spammers mostly lie on user features, such as the completeness of user profiles, the number of users’ activities, and the content of posted tweets etc. These methods may achieve good results when they are designed. However, spammers will evolve in order to survive. Hence the feature-based approaches will gradually lose their power. After careful analysis on a real SNS, we find that people will rebuild in cyber social networks their communities in the physical world. Interestingly, spammers also have to construct their communities in order to hide themselves, because separated users will be easily detected by anti-spam tools. Moreover, it is very hard for spammers to sneak into normal users’ communities since a community member needs to have links with most other members. Based on this observation, we propose a novel approach to judge a user by the features of both himself/herself and the accounts within the same communities as him/her.

Along with information revolution and economy globalization, innovation assets becomes the core ability for shipping enterprises that could obtain the persistence competition dominance under the complex international shipping market. The paper puts forward the knowledge management performance evaluation index system for Chinese shipping enterprises based on the innovation assets, where includes technological innovation, organizational innovation and management innovation. The paper makes the questionnaire combining the open financial data choosing six typical shipping enterprises. At last, the paper uses DEA method to make the demonstration analysis. The result of principal component analysis and DEA analysis are beautifully validating the shipping enterprises competition evaluation index system based innovation assets.

This paper puts forward a quantitative analysis method measuring inter-individual knowledge transferring obstacle based on evolutionary game theory. According to economic exchange theory, the key influencing factors on the inter-individual knowledge transfer includes the expected incomes and transfer obstacles of different knowledge. This paper brings forward the knowledge transfer model among the different social departments and a quantitative method to indirectly measure the corresponding knowledge transfer obstacles among various departments. Then it gives a case that shows how the knowledge transferring obstacles among Chinese various ruralurban departments are measureed. At last, the paper points out some shortcomings of this analytical method.

The evolutionary mechanism and emergency management of some important public health events are one of the great challenges of human society. The paper analyses the evolutionary mechanism of epidemic situation used evolutionary game theory, where government departments take the different degrees of prevention and control measures aimed to the behaviours of social public. According to the evolutionary function, the diffusion speed of epidemic situation depends on the initial state and strategies profile's payoffs. As an exogenous parameter, the initial state can be assumed as multiple scenarios. In the case of Chinese influenza A (H1N1) in 2009, the paper makes multi-agent simulation analysis of evolutionary mechanism of epidemic situation under the NetLogo simulation platform. The simulation results show that epidemic situation maybe have four evolutionary scenarios. The actual case from influenza A (H1N1) accords with the first scenarios, i.e., active prevention and control.