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BACKGROUND: Some older people stop visiting the dentist when they get older. This study aims to identify the characteristics and oral health status of older people who do visit community dental practices.METHODS: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, the oral health of Dutch community-dwelling older people was assessed. A random sample of general dental practitioners and older people who visit the dental practice was drawn. The dentists were asked to prospectively select one older patient and describe this patient using a specially developed registration form; the patient was requested to complete a questionnaire. Data were described for 3 distinct groups of older people. Statistical measures for distribution and dispersion were used to describe the oral health of community-dwelling older patients in relation to the age.RESULTS: A total of 373 (40.4%) dentist registration forms and 372 (40.3%) patient questionnaires were returned. Data were available for 364 (39.4%) dentist-patient couples. Amongst the patients, 52.8% were female and most had a high socioeconomic status. About 65.7% had one or more problems related to general health, and 75.2% used medication. Regarding the overall oral health status, the average number of teeth was 20, 3.5% were edentulous. Oral health problems were more common in the older patient group (aged 75+), in whom frailty was also most common.CONCLUSIONS: Older people who visit community dental practices are still relatively healthy, non-frail, and highly educated. Even in this group, there is a turning point in both general and oral health from the age of 75.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental practices and their readiness to resume dental practice during arduous circumstances. Methods The authors distributed an observational survey study approved by The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Institutional Review Board to dental care practitioners and their office staff members using Qualtrics XM software. The survey was completed anonymously. The authors analyzed the data using R statistical computing software, χ2 test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Nearly all participants (98%) felt prepared to resume dental practice and were confident of the safety precautions (96%). Only 21% of dentists felt the COVID-19 pandemic changed their dental treatment protocols, with at least two-thirds agreeing that precautions would influence their efficiency adversely. Although most participants were satisfied with the resources their dental practice provided for support during the pandemic (95%), most were concerned about the impact on their general health and safety (77%) and to their dental practice (90%), found working during the pandemic difficult (≈ 60%), and agreed there are challenges and long-term impacts on the dental profession (> 75%). Conclusions Dental care professionals, although affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and at high risk of developing COVID-19, were prepared to resume dental practice during most challenging circumstances. Practical Implications The pandemic has affected dental care practitioners substantially; thus, there is need to formulate psychological interventions and safety precautions to mitigate its impact. Further research should evaluate the long-term effects on dentistry and oral health and interceptive measures for better communication and programming around future challenges.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding how different countries have responded to mitigate the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) transmission in dental offices is important. This article describes the different approaches taken towards optimal fallow periods in Canadian jurisdictions. METHODS: We searched publicly available information from dentist and dental hygiene regulator websites across the 10 provinces and 3 territories in Canada. We also searched for guidance documents on dental associations' websites or through personal communication with government officials. We extracted and tabulated information on fallow period recommendations or guidance, when available. RESULTS: Nine jurisdictions (6 provinces and all 3 territories) acknowledge or provide guidance on fallow periods following aerosol-generating procedures. Among those who have provided guidance regarding a fallow period, recommendations follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance if the air changes per hour (ACH) in the dental operatory is known. CONCLUSION: The evidence for deciding on optimal fallow period is limited and still being explored, resulting in substantial variation across Canadian jurisdictions. A focus on developing scientific evidence relevant to dentistry and assimilating existing science is crucial to establishing consistency and uniformity in information to deliver safe oral health care services.

This study considers the confidence of dental core trainees (DCT’s) as they mature and progress through their first 6 months in an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) training post. Trainees have different incentives for embarking on a year in OMFS; to develop additional skills before settling into general dental practice, as a step towards specialty training and for those who are uncertain about their career direction1. Traditionally, an OMFS year has been associated with creating well-rounded and confident clinicians2. We surveyed 123 DCT’s at 3 stages over a 6-month period to monitor their confidence towards 10 clinical domains: assessing dento-facial infection, mandible fractures, mid-face fractures, intra-oral/extra-oral swellings, airway risks, intra-oral/extra-oral lesions (benign/malignant), CT/MRI scans and performing intraoral/extra-oral suturing. This study demonstrates an increase in trainee confidence across all domains over the first 6 months of an OMFS post, with a particularly significant increase in the assessment of dento-facial infection, mandible/mid-face fracture and both intra/extra-oral lesions and swellings.

Treatment of periodontitis plays an important role in preventing tooth loss. Over the years, various treatment modalities have been proposed, researched and applied in the dental practice. The non-surgical periodontal therapy of cleaning the root surfaces is still the golden standard in treatment of periodontitis. If pockets of ≥ 6 mm remain after the non-surgical therapy, surgical periodontal therapy could be considered. People with periodontal disease should agree with lifelong periodontal therapy, because after the 'active' (non-surgical and surgical) periodontal therapy, lifelong periodontal maintenance is the most important thing to guarantee periodontal health and stability. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is preservation of the natural dentition. Many studies have shown that this goal can be achieved, providing the following circumstances are met: a good oral hygiene and high patient motivation, optimal periodontal treatment, and smoking cessation.Behandeling van parodontitis is essentieel in het voorkomen van tandverlies. Verschillende behandelmodaliteiten zijn in de loop der jaren voorgesteld, onderzocht en in de praktijk toegepast. De niet-chirurgische parodontale behandeling bestaande uit reiniging van de worteloppervlakken is nog altijd de gouden standaard. Indien er daarna pockets van ≥ 6 mm resteren is een chirurgische parodontale behandeling te overwegen. Mensen met parodontitis gaan een ‘levenslange behandelovereenkomst’ aan met de behandelaar, omdat na ‘actieve’ (niet-chirurgische en chirurgische) parodontale behandeling levenslange parodontale nazorg belangrijk is om parodontale gezondheid en stabiliteit te kunnen borgen. Het ultieme doel van de parodontale behandeling is het behouden van de eigen dentitie. Vele onderzoeken hebben inmiddels aangetoond dat dat doel behaald kan worden, mits er aan de volgende voorwaarden wordt voldaan: een goede mondhygiëne en motivatie van de patiënt, een optimale parodontale behandeling en stoppen met roken.

Since one of the main mode of the COVID-19 transmission is through close contact with the infected person (

Introduction: Conscious sedation is a safe and effective method of anxiolysis. However, the use of conscious sedation in pediatric dental patients is a controversial topic as it involves the intersection of dentistry and medicine. Among the many questions that could be asked, it is necessary to find out what dental practitioners think about the use of sedatives in their routine pediatric dental practice. Therefore, the above survey was conducted aiming to evaluate the perceptions of dentists on the use of Conscious Sedation in pediatric dental practice in Vadodara city, Gujarat. Methods: Questionnaires were sent electronically to Indian Dental Association (IDA) members of Vadodara at the time of the study. The contact details of these dental practitioners were obtained from the IDA members list. Details on personal status, use of, and training in, conscious sedation techniques were sought via the questionnaires to find the knowledge, attitude, and awareness towards the use of Conscious Sedation in pediatric dental practice. Results: The questionnaire was sent to IDA members in Vadodara city, Gujarat. 64.37% (150 dentists) responded to the questionnaire. 48% were female practitioners and 52% were male practitioners. 78.5% were in favor of using conscious sedation as a behavior management technique in pediatric dental practice, irrespective of their qualification or years of experience. Maximum knowledge about conscious sedation was obtained through the curriculum. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the dentists of Vadodara city, Gujarat state developed a positive attitude towards the use of conscious sedation, however, complained of a lack of training to the subject.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) constitute a significant occupational hazard among dental practitioners. An online-based e-survey was conducted among 252 registered dentists of Nepal using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) to assess musculoskeletal complaints and work-related characteristics. Musculoskeletal complaints in lower regions were found to be highly prevalent among dental practitioners with prevalence of 76, 27 and 28.2% in the last 12 months, 1 month and 7 days, respectively, followed by musculoskeletal complaints in the neck, wrist/hand and shoulder. Musculoskeletal complaint during the last 12 months was significantly associated with age, years in dental practice after graduation and leave from duty in the past 12 months. Similarly, educational qualification, medical comorbidities and leave from duty were associated with complaints in the last 1 month. Musculoskeletal complaint during the last 7 days was associated with gender, working hours in a day, practice of four-handed dentistry and patients examined in a day.

The objective of this article is to review the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to provide an in-depth review of the best evidence-based practices available to treat and/or to refer these patients for intervention. Material and methods A narrative review was performed using indexed data bases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus and Cochrane) up to year 2020, and approximately 1000 articles were reviewed. The articles included were those with the best information provided. Results Detailed review of the literature suggests that the role of the dentist has been redefined owing to their expertise in the orofacial region. Every patient consulting a dental practice is not merely a dental patient; he/she also requires a comprehensive medical review. The role of the dentist is pivotal in pediatric patients once diagnosed with OSA; as the patients grow, growth modification can be achieved, and future management will be easier. Initiating dental treatments during growth can benefit patients two-fold, saving them from malocclusion, and intervening in orofacial structural growth can help to avoid cumbersome treatments, such as CPAP and various surgeries. Proper diagnosis and management of systemic illnesses can prevent compromised quality of life, delays in treatment, morbidity and, in some cases, mortality.

Women emerged against significant obstacles in the nineteenth century to claim a right to participate in the health professions. Women were excluded from many areas of medical and dental practice until well after the 1964 Civil Rights Act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex. Their entry has been, and continues to be, blocked by discrimination, misogyny, and harassment both personal and institutional. The formation of women-specific surgical subspecialty organizations has improved access to mentoring, sponsorship, and acceptance. This article reviews the history of some of the older organizations with recommendations for OMFS women's action.

Behaviour management for anxious paediatric dental patients is challenging. Solutions include education and sedation. Various drugs have been used to effectively sedate paediatric patients during treatment. The aim of this study was to review literature on the sedation of paediatric patients. The study specifically looked at those reviews covering the combination of two sedation methods in case of more challenging paediatric patients. The study undertook a literature review focused on studies using nitrous oxide, Midazolam, or a combination of the two substances. An electronic search was done on EBSCOhost to source articles published from 1979 to 2019. A deeper form of sedation can be achieved for paediatric patients when using a combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen and a hypnotic agent such as Midazolam. Dealing with the anxiety levels of paediatric patients is a challenge for dental health providers. Two of the main strategies used to deal with anxious children are behaviour management and sedation. A critical review of journal articles on the use of nitrous oxide and oxygen in combination with Midazolam was therefore undertaken. The findings suggest that, in order to achieve a deeper form of sedation, the combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen and Midazolam works well to reduce discomfort, anxiety and/or pain in paediatric patients.

Advancements in the field of digital technology has vastly influenced various industries including dental practice. 3-D printing is one such development that has revolutionized the manufacturing industry and has become a subject of great interest in the field of dentistry. With the greatest advantage of 3-D printing being customization, it has become an important tool in delivering precise appliances and surgical guides. This article reviews the applications and incorporation of 3-D printing technology and recent advances applicable into dental practice, oral surgery and orthodontics. Keywords: 3­D printing, Additive manufacturing, Digital work flow, Digital orthodontics.

OBJECTIVES: To describe treatment and monitoring outcomes of posterior teeth with cracks at baseline followed in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network for up to three years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and nine dentists enrolled a convenience sample of 2,858 patients, each with a posterior tooth with at least one visible crack and followed them for three years. Characteristics at the patient, tooth and crack level were recorded at baseline and at annual recall visits. Data on all teeth referred for extraction were reviewed. Data on all other teeth, treated or monitored, seen at one or more recall visits were reviewed for evidence of failure (subsequent extraction, endodontics or recommendation for a re-treatment). RESULTS: The survival rate for teeth with cracks at baseline exceeded 98% (only 37 extractions), and the failure rate for teeth that were treated restoratively was only 14%. Also, only about 14% of teeth recommended at baseline for monitoring were later recommended to be treated, and about 6.5% of teeth recommended for monitoring at baseline were later treated without a specific recommendation. Thus, about 80% of teeth recommended at baseline for monitoring continued with a monitoring recommendation throughout the entire three years of the study. Treatment failures were associated with intra-coronal restorations (vs. full or partial coverage) and male patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this large 3-year practice-based study conducted across the United States, the survival rate of posterior teeth with a visible crack exceeded 85%. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dentists can effectively evaluate patient, tooth, and crack level characteristics to determine which teeth with cracks warrant treatment and which only warrant monitoring.

The UK Dental Medicines Advisory Service (UKDMAS) provides advice to dentists and other dental healthcare professionals concerning the use of medicines and medical devices in dentistry. The commonly asked questions posed to the UKDMAS concerning the prescribing, administering or dispensing of medicines in dental practice are discussed with answers supplemented by relevant information from clinicians. These include: different classes of medicines, unlicensed medicines, prescriptions, Patient Group Directions, Patient Specific Directions and dispensing of medicines - if appropriate.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of linear measurements performed with two different CBCT software .(Romexis® software and ONDEMAND 3 D software). Methods: The sample consisted of 15 human mandibles marked with radiopaque markers of gutta-percha balls (size 80, 1.5 mm long) which were glued on the marked anatomical landmarks with cyanoacrylate gel, ten linear measurements were conducted on the dry mandibles using digital caliper to provide gold standard meaurments.The mandibles were scanned by using Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid and images exported into digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) format to a DVD then imported in to two software programs.The same ten linear measurements were conducted on the scanned images by using measure length tool of both romexis and Ondemand software programs. Results: Intra-examiner reliability of gold standard and image measurements were found to be excellent, Inter-examiner reliability of physical and Romexis® software was found to be excellent (ICC>0.9) and the Inter-examiner reliability of physical and ONDEMAND 3 D software was found to be poor (ICC

Objectives Most dentists maintain awkward and restricted postures for prolonged periods that stress the body while providing direct patient care. Information about working posture must be analysed in a more systematic manner to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between working posture and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the effects of different lines of vision during tooth preparation, such as the direct and the mirror view technique, on-body tilt (angle), muscle activity, and sitting balance, which may correlate with the reduction or prevention of MSD. Methods A mannequin head with a maxillary right first molar embedded in a model was attached to the dental chair headrest. Two different techniques for tooth preparation were selected: direct view and mirror view. Muscle activity, body tilt (angle), and sitting balance were analysed as independent parameters. Results Different tooth preparation techniques had a distinct influence on body tilt (angle), muscle activity, and sitting balance. The direct view technique resulted in significantly larger values for all parameters, except for the activity of the spinal column erector muscles than the mirror view technique. Conclusion Based on these results, the direct view technique for tooth preparation, which is used by most dentists in practice, imposes a burden on the lower back, shoulders, and neck of the dentist.

Aim. To assess the need for repeated endodontic treatment and to determine the possible reasons for the repeated revision of the root canals according to the archival material of the state polyclinic in the period 2015-2020.Materials and methods. Archival data of the registry of the state polyclinic in the period from 2015 to 2020, containing information on repeated endodontic treatment, namely: data on the treatment of patients and the condition of their teeth with apical periodontitis on the admission of CHI, repeated revision of root canals, method and means of mechanical and drug treatment of canals, filling material before and after the revision of root canals, X- rays at all stages of treatment with their description. In accordance with the purpose of the study, descriptive statistics were carried out, the data that were obtained as a result of processing information on the material of the archive of the dental clinic were analyzed and described, absolute frequencies and their proportions were indicated, which are shown in the diagrams, it was done in the Microsoft Excel program.Results. In 505 teeth (54%), the root canals were obturated with resorcinol - formalin paste, most of the root canals of the teeth - 373 (40%) were sealed at half their length, on sighting radiographs in 80% of cases an expansion of the periodontal gap was revealed, in addition to destructive changes in bone tissue, basically all cases were treated under a temporary calcium- containing paste, 4% of the root canals of the teeth (35) were not obturated with permanent material, due to the absence of patients, 5 teeth (0.5%) underwent surgical treatment. Of all the cases identified, only 1% (10 cases of repeated endodontic treatment) have information about long-term results, which are positive.Conclusions. Thus, a complex of factors contributes to the occurrence of apical periodontitis, and the selection of one of them, as the main one, will not solve the problem of this complication. Dentists - therapists should focus their attention at each stage of primary and/or repeated endodontic treatment, adherence to the irrigation protocol, mechanical treatment of root canals, high- quality obturation, and most importantly, motivate patients to follow- up visits and control long-term treatment results through computed tomography and control sighting pictures.

The increase in COVID-19 infections worldwide and the susceptibility of the dental professionals due to close contact with patients' saliva and the production of aerosols carrying SARS-CoV-2, has generated the search for new preventive measures with the intention of reducing the risk present in the dental office. Recent research, based on the antiviral activity of some oral antiseptics, such as: chlorhexidine, povidone iodide, cetylpyridinium chloride and hydrogen peroxide; have focused on evaluating the efficacy that these different solutions might have against the new virus in media similar to the oral cavity. Based on this, this article has the objective of conducting a review on the antiviral efficacy of mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 as a preventive measure against the risk of transmission in the dental office. A search was made for original articles relevant to the topic, the databases were Medline and Scopus; electronic libraries: SciELO, WILEY, and academic search engines such as Google Scholar. In terms of results, iodopovidone has been shown to be more effective against COVID-19 followed by hydrogen peroxide, cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine. While clinical studies regarding the duration of efficacy in the oral cavity are limited, it was concluded that mouthwashes appear to be a good preventive, safe and a complementary option in dental practice; while awaiting more effective therapies or a vaccine.

The aim of the work was to develop an algorithm of anti-microbial chemotherapy for the perioperative prevention of local inflammatory complications. To clarify the data on possible pathogens of postoperative local inflammatory complications, the authors conducted their own microbiological studies to determine the microbiome of an operating wound under the conditions of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of inoculum with subsequent identification by a complex of morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. Periodontal pathogens were identified by PCR. The microbiome of the surgical wound was analyzed for conditionally clean wounds (group 1 — 61 patients after dental implantation surgery), infected (group 2-41 patients with a diagnosis of pericoronitis, difficult eruption of the wisdom tooth) and contaminated (group 3 — 42 patients after cystectomy, granulomectomy). Based on the literature data and the results of our own research, an algorithm of antimicrobial chemotherapy (prevention) for outpatient operations in dental practice has been developed. The algorithm includes the most commonly used drugs by dentists, taking into account the microbiota of the postoperative wound, the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics, and the duration of treatment courses.

Despite some progress in improving of the diagnosis and implementation in dental practice of the latest comprehensive methods and tactics for the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) on the background of occlusal and muscular interference, the main issue of clinical periodontology in conjunction with various pathologies maxillofacial segments don’t lose their relevance to date and require further comprehensive research aimed at optimizing treatment and prevention of neuro-muscular and joint dysfunction. Despite numerous publications about TMJ dysfunction, information on the etiology, diagnosis and pathogenesis of these symptom complexes remains highly contradictory. Purpose of the work. Review of sources of scientific and medical information on the influence of occlusive factors on the development of musculoskeletal dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints. Results. Of the various concepts of TMJ dysfunction, there are two basic ones: – myogenic and occlusalarticulatory theories. Proponents of the myogenic theory assign a leading role in the potogenesis of TMJ diseases to parafunctional States of the masticatory muscles. However, among the representatives of the myogenic concept of TMJ dysfunction development, there is no consensus on the etiology of parafunctional disorders, and the diagnosis of functional changes in the TMJ complicated by hypertonus of the masticatory muscles against the background of traumatic occlusion remains not fully resolved. Considering the sources of scientific and methodological information concerning the methods of examination of patients with TMJ dysfunction, it should be stated that their improvement is constantly taking place, due to both the need for the clinic and the development of more sensitive and modern devices. Conclusion. Modern research methods that have appeared and been actively implemented in recent years require systematization and evaluation of their effectiveness for the development of diagnostic algorithms in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder with a prevalence of about 1% of the population. This disorder, characterised by limitations in the domain of social communication, interaction, flexibility and processing stimuli, often requires additional attention in the dental practice. The disorder can have an effect on both general health and oral health as a result of unusual eating habits, problems with oral hygiene, the use of psychotropic medications or a vitamin D deficiency. The treatment of patients with an autism spectrum disorder generally also requires more time and patience due to the non-typical communication and interaction. Analysing the sensitivities and fears of a specific patient with autism spectrum disorder, if necessary in consultation with parents of carers, is also recommended.De autismespectrumstoornis is een ontwikkelingsstoornis, die bij ongeveer 1% van de bevolking voorkomt. Deze stoornis, die zich kenmerkt door beperkingen op het vlak van de sociale communicatie, interactie, flexibiliteit en prikkelverwerking, vraagt vaak extra aandacht in de tandartspraktijk. De stoornis kan effect hebben op zowel de algehele, als op de mondgezondheid als gevolg van bijzondere eetgewoontes, problemen met de mondhygiëne, psychofarmacagebruik of vitamine-D tekort. Verder vraagt de bejegening van patiënten met een autismespectrumstoornis in het algemeen om meer tijd en geduld vanwege de afwijkende communicatie en interactie. Het analyseren van de aanwezige gevoeligheden en angsten van een specifieke patiënt met een autismespectrumstoornis, zo nodig in samenspraak met ouders of verzorgers, wordt tevens geadviseerd.

The primary aims of the present study were (1) to quantify and characterize anaphylactic type I reactions related to local anesthetics (LAs) drawing on the French Pharmacovigilance Database System over a 35-year period and (2) to focuse on reactions associated with dental procedures. The secondary aim was to infer an incidence rate in dental practice. All cases of anaphylactic reactions were selected using the algorithmic Standardized MeDRA Query “anaphylactic reaction.” For each reaction, comprehensive data were collected, in particular the severity of symptoms, risk factors for anaphylaxis, and allergy testing. Imputability was assessed and a crude incidence rate in dental practice was estimated. The first-line search identified 416 anaphylactic reactions, mostly of grade II (138) or III (240) severity. When restricted to dental practice, this number fell to 26 (grade I: 4; grade II: 10; grade III: 11; and grade IV: 1). Lidocaine was most often involved (81.49%) and mostly associated with anaphylactic reactions of grade II and III. Overall, 11 cases of fatal anaphylaxis were recorded, but no in dental practice. In dental practice, lidocaine was also the most frequently involved LA (57.69%). All these findings highlight the very low incidence of type I-IgE-mediated reactions to LA, particularly in dental practice. The incidence rate of LA anaphylctic episodes in dental practice was estimated as 0.0261 anaphylactic episodes per million LA cartridges. True anaphylactic reactions to LAs do occur and may justify a thorough investigation in dental practice.

This article describes the clinical management of a patient who had a severely damaged dentition due to periodontal disease for several years. The following clinical case is developed from the integral and global aspect, including surgical conditioning, implant placement and the elaboration of a prosthetic prototype that can give a successful outcome for the definitive restoration. A full series of a diagnostic workup was made, and a treatment plan specific to the needs of the patient was laid out, with an emphasis on the difficulty of the management of these types of patients in which a dental practice is familiar with. There are complications on these rehabilitations due to the severe damage of the dentition with extensive osseous atrophies that make a challenging situation in order to provide a comfortable, esthetic and functional rehabilitation. Implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis is a well-accepted treatment option for edentulism. Loss of teeth due to extensive caries or severe periodontitis presents a challenge to the clinicians.

Objective To assess Indonesian dentists' knowledge of risk factors and diagnostic procedures related to oral cancer (OC) and to determine the factors that influenced their level of knowledge. Methods A modified version of a questionnaire that had been used to assess dentists’ knowledge regarding OC in Canada was used. A total of 816 dentists were invited to participate in the study. Results The total response rate was 49.2%; however, the number of dentists from 5 regions in Jakarta were equally represented. Use of tobacco or alcohol and history of previous OC were the top 3 risk factors that were answered correctly by dentists, but there was a high proportion of dentists who considered some without any evidence as risk factors. Almost half of the dentists did not know the early signs of OC and that erythroplakia and leukoplakia were associated with increased risks of developing OC. Only about 27% of dentists had a high level of knowledge of risk factors and fewer dentists demonstrated a good knowledge of diagnostic procedures. Dentists’ age group, year of graduation, and experience of continuing education significantly influenced the level of knowledge of diagnostic procedures (P Conclusion Dentists in Jakarta had a considerable level of knowledge of major risk factors of OC, although some gaps in their knowledge, especially in diagnostic procedures, were present. Increasing these competencies may aid in the prevention and early detection of OC.

Cone beam computed tomography overcomes many of the limitations of traditional radiographic techniques and has become commonplace in dental practice. Pediatric patients are more likely to move during acquisition of the images and are susceptible to the harmful effects of ionising radiation. Therefore, justification for each individual and clinical scenario must occur before prescription of cone beam computed tomographs. There are clinical situations in which three-dimensional imaging is indicated as a first line investigation such as impacted canines and neighbouring root resorption, internal and external cervical resorption defects, virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery, autotransplantation analogues and assessment of TMJ anomalies. In these clinical situations, care should be taken to optimise the lowest radiation dose achievable for the pediatric patient whilst being indication-orientated and patient-specific.

Purpose The clivus is a region in the anterior section of the occipital bone that is commonly imaged on large-volume cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). There have been several reports of incidental clivus variations and certain pathological entities that have been attributed to the variations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these variations within the scope of dentistry. Materials and Methods Medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using a controlled vocabulary (clival anomalies, cone-beam CT, canalis basilaris medianus, fossa navicularis magna, clival variation). The search was limited to English language, humans, and studies published in the last 25 years. The articles were exported into RefWorks® and duplicates were removed. The remaining articles were screened and reviewed for supporting information on variations of the clivus on CBCT imaging. Results Canalis basilaris medianus and fossa navicularis magna were the most common anomalies noted. Many of these variations were asymptomatic, with most patients unaware of the anomaly. In certain cases, associated pathologies ranged from developmental (Tornwaldt cyst), to acquired (recurrent meningitis). While no distinct pathognomonic aspects were noted, there were unique patterns of radiographic diagnosis and treatment modalities. Most patients had a normal course of follow-up. Conclusion Interpretation of CBCT volumes is a skill every dentist must possess. When reviewing large-volume CBCT scans, the clinician should be able to distinguish pathology from normal anatomic variations within the skull base. The majority of clivus variations are asymptomatic and will remain undetected unless incidentally noted on radiographic examinations.

Oral cavity is habitat for plethora of micro-organism causing various diseases. The most common includes dental caries, periodontal diseases, etc. Dental practice may rarely encounter unusual and subtle symptoms with nonpathognomonic clinical signs of several fatal diseases which may pretend like a common oral disease. Hence, the knowledge and clinical acumen of diagnostician are necessary for the early diagnosis of such fatal infections to prevent untoward consequences. Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive necrotic fungal infection with a high morbidity and mortality rate. It commonly occurs in patients with debilitating diseases and immunocompromised individuals. Clinically, it manifests as rhino-orbito-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, renal, and disseminated form. Disease affecting the facial region is a challenge as it often disseminates with orbital and cranial involvement at the time of diagnosis. This article presents a case of mucormycosis which mimicked as severe periodontitis in a patient leading to delay in the diagnosis and challenges during the treatment.

Objective This systematic review updates the evidence for association between oral health characteristics and frailty status, identifying gaps in translational dental research and application of frailty assessment into clinical practice. Background Clinicians have little guidance on stage-appropriate dental treatment for medically complex older adults. Oral health characteristics have been associated with frailty status, determined through validated assessment tools representing a concise measure of health. Translation of frailty assessment into dental practice has not been the focus of previous reviews. Methods Utilising the PRISMA framework for systematic reviews, a comprehensive database search identified articles describing the association of interest. Those included were cross-sectional or longitudinal, in English, included participants aged 50 years or older, used validated frailty assessments and measured clinically relevant oral health outcomes. From 835 screened articles, 26 full-text articles were eligible for quality appraisal and synthesis. Results Frailty prevalence ranged from 8.5% to 66.0%. Most studies utilised the Fried frailty criteria. Qualitative synthesis of 17 cross-sectional and nine longitudinal studies demonstrated significant covariate-adjusted association between frailty status and number of teeth, chewing ability, prosthetic characteristics, dental caries, periodontitis, dental utilisation and oral health-related quality of life factors. Variability in findings reflected study sample diversity based on country of study origin, age at recruitment, sample size, frailty assessment type, use of clinical versus self-reported outcome measures and differences in statistical analysis. Conclusion Despite robust evidence of association with oral health characteristics, frailty assessment has yet to be sufficiently applied to translational dental research and clinical practice.

The Covid sickness 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, has now influenced in excess of 100 nations around the world. In the light of the WHO pronouncing COVID‑19 as a general wellbeing crisis of worldwide worry, notwithstanding worldwide endeavors to contain the executioner sickness, the cases are as yet expanding because of local area spread. Covid or the extreme intense respiratory condition Covid is available plentifully in the tainted individual's salivary and nasopharyngeal emissions. The virus happens effectively through these beads, which are obvious in any dental center. Be that as it may, the dental facilities are open for crisis medicines. The point of this article is to give a look into the effect of COVID‑19 on dentistry in India.

A severe pneumonia outbreak occurred in Wuhan City in late December 2019.Inhalation of airborne microorganisms that may remain in the air for a long time, direct blood contact, oral fluid or other patient material, connective contact with droplets and nasal or mouth mucosal microorganisms formed or proposed by an infected person transmitting pathogens to the dental environment for a short time.Contacts can also occur in a relatively closed environment where aerosols are exposed to high aerosol levels. Dental practice produces risky dentists and patients with aerosols.Therefore, the research aims to prevent infections in dental practices from hindering transmission routes between clinics and hospitals. Dentists played a significant role in stopping 2019-ncov transmission. In dental clinics and hospitals, infection control is advised to block routes from person to person. Keywords: COVID­19, Transmission & precautions, Dental clinic, Dental

During the spread of pandemic disease, dental practice come across the highest risk of corona virus infection by the exposure from patient saliva, aerosols generation during the dental procedure, blood contamination during oral surgical procedure. This virus can be transmitted from symptomatic to asymptomatic individual through aerosol spread, saliva contamination. Due to its ability of airborne transmission, so aerosols generated through natural activity or during the time of any dental treatment procedure has the ability to transmit the virus from infected person to the surrounding person. Keywords : Pandemic, Covid - 19, Dental practice.

Background One of the cardinal points to be considered during endodontic procedures in children is the measure of postoperative pain. Aim and objective To evaluate the quality of obturation and its effect on postoperative pain with three file systems in primary mandibular molars during 1 week follow-up. Materials and methods The study was conducted as a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. The participants between 6 years and 9 years old requiring a pulpectomy were recruited for the trial. Forty-five primary mandibular molars were randomly allocated into 15 teeth each in Hand K-files; Kedo-SH and Kedo-SG Blue groups. Wong Baker's FACES Pain Rating Scale was used for assessing the postoperative pain in the children for 1 week. Pearson's Chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney U test were used for analyzing the data statistically. Results Optimal fillings were observed more in the Kedo-SG Blue group (80.0%) compared to the other two groups (p < 0.017). On intergroup analysis, the Kedo-SG Blue group reported less postoperative pain compared to Kedo-SH group on day 1 while on day 7 no postoperative pain was experienced in either of the groups. Less postoperative pain was reported by the children in whom the canals were optimally filled compared to overfilling and underfilling. Conclusion Kedo-SG Blue resulted in less postoperative pain when compared to Kedo-SH and hand K-files, whereas optimally filled children experienced less postoperative pain compared to overfilling and underfilling. Clinical significance A felicitous pediatric dental practice includes appropriate assessment and management of postoperative pain in children. Hence, the present study is important in highlighting the affiliation of postoperative pain with quality of obturation following an endodontic intervention in children. How to cite this article Jeevanandan G, Govindaraju L, Subramanian EMG, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Quality of Obturation and Its Effect on Postoperative Pain between Pediatric Hand and Rotary Files: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):88–96.

Introduction: Dentist can encounter a medical emergency during any phase of the dental treatment. It isessential for the clinician to accurately identify and manage a life threatening situation in patients undergoingdental treatment. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge on medical emergencies and itsmanagement among dental clinical students of a dental college in Pondicherry.Materials and Methods: A retrospective questionnaire study was conducted among 135 under-graduate(UG) students to assess their knowledge on various medical emergency conditions and its management fromtheir level of perception in clinical postings.Results: The overall knowledge regarding identification and management of medical emergencies amongthe study population was found to be inadequate.Conclusion: Every dentist must be prepared for an emergency and believing it can be a real possibilityis of paramount importance. It cannot be completely prevented but efficiently managed with appropriateknowledge of signs, symptoms and management techniques.

The misuse of drugs of dependence is a major public health issue in Australia, and prescribing of these medications by dentists has increased in recent years. While there has been much focus on the appropriate indications and clinical use of these medicines in dental practice, the legal requirements of prescribing are equally important. Dental practitioners need to be aware of their legal obligations, as inappropriate prescription practices may lead to regulatory or criminal prosecution. Although dentists hold registration through the National Scheme and there is nationally standardised scheduling of drugs in Australia, the legislation governing drug laws differs for each state and territory, especially when prescribing drugs of dependence. This article summarises the legislation governing the prescription of drugs of dependence in Australia that is relevant to dental practice, providing insights into how dentists might contribute to the appropriate, safe and legal use and management of these medications.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common of craniofacial anomalies in humans. CLP results from disruption of embryonic processes during orofacial development; while syndromic clefts may have clearer aetiology, non-syndromic clefts are heterogeneous in aetiology. It is important for GDPs to understand the classification of CLP and the structure of centralized cleft centres in order to communicate with cleft teams. This article aims to clarify the role of GDPs within cleft management and discusses challenges in maintaining oral health in this group of patients, including increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease, dental anomalies and psychosocial considerations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The GDP should be responsible for maintaining good oral health for the patient with cleft lip and palate, focusing on prevention from a young age and restorative work if needed.

Background/purpose Several pharmacotherapeutic methods have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 with varying degrees of success. No definitive treatment or vaccine has been officially approved to-date. This review aimed to highlight COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic agents that are relevant to dental practice in terms of their clinical indications in COVID-19 and dental practice, as well as their adverse effects as they impact the dental patient. Material and methods Systematic search was performed using the following keywords combinations: Pharmacotherapy AND COVID-19 OR Pharmacotherapy AND SARS-CoV-2 OR Treatment AND COVID-19. Studies were categorized according to the type of pharmacotherapy used. Pharmacotherapeutic agents were extracted and only those relevant to dental practice were included for review. Results For analysis, a total of 79 clinical trials research articles were included that included COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic agents relevant to dental practice. Those were analgesics (paracetamol; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents); antibiotics (azithromycin, doxycycline, metronidazole); antivirals (penciclovir); and immunomodulatory agents (hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids). While some COVID-19 drugs are less relevant to dental practice, as antivirals and hydroxychloroquine, their association with long-term adverse effects requires adequate knowledge among dental practitioners. Conclusion Many of COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic agents are used to treat oral diseases particularly orofacial pain and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, some of these drugs may induce adverse effects that complicate dental treatment. Thorough knowledge of COVID-19 therapy and its dental implications is essential for dental practitioners, and is expected to contribute to a better understanding and effective utilization of these therapeutic agents.

This article aims to help the practitioner identify structures found in routine three-dimensional imaging studies of the head and neck region and understand their significance and possible need for intervention. The prevalence of advanced imaging in dental practice, especially cone beam computed tomography, highlights the need to recognize and identify various high-density structures that are, in fact, soft tissue calcifications or alterations of normal bony anatomy. The wide range of these findings includes both benign and malignant pathologic entities as well as age-related calcifications and remodeling of normal anatomic structures and dystrophic calcifications.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has posed an extraordinary challenge to the world. Dental healthcare personnel are considered to be at high risk as they work in close proximity to the oral cavity of patients. New procedures of approach and management should be incorporated in different aspects of routine dental practice. In addition, pediatric dentists are posed with unique and extraordinary challenges of parental anxiety and behavioral guidance of pediatric patients and parents/guardians. The aim of this study was to highlight the changing perceptions of pediatric dental practice as the ‘new normal’ in the post‐COVID era.

В настоящей работе приведены результаты анализа 118 амбулаторных карт пациентов с нейростоматологическими заболеваниями (исключая идиопатическую невралгию тройничного нерва), которые в 77 (65,2%) случаях были обусловлены врачебными ошибками и осложнениями стоматологических вмешательств. This paper presents the results of an analysis of 118 outpatient records of patients with neurostomatological diseases (excluding idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia), which in 77 (65,2%) cases were due to medical errors and complications of dental interventions.

Periodontal curettage is one of the basic procedures in marginal periodontium surgery. It is performed during the initial treatment phase of periodontal diseases, which occurs after emergency treatment (when appropriate) of acute complications of chronic marginal periodontal diseases. Periodontal curettage may be divided according to the area where it is performed in: gingival periodontal curettage, subgingival periodontal curettage. Gingival periodontal curettage is performed in the gingival groove and in the false gingival pockets, without usually exceeding the junctional epithelium insertion area. The main objective of subgingival periodontal curettage is to restore gingival health by removing from the root surface the factors that can cause gingival inflammation. The personal study was performed on two groups which included 82 patients. When analyzing the results, we relied on the justified assumption of the study that each case in the large framework of periodontal diseases represents a particular clinical-radiological and etiological reality as concerns its frequency and evolution (especially in terms of complications). The social origin and the cultural background play a very important role in the development of this relationship, which is at its best when both the doctor and the patient are closer from these points of view.

When performing dental manipulations, infection control plays a special role, since its violation will negate all the efforts of the dentist, as well as allow various infectious and bacterial complications to develop in the body, as a result of which the patient's health will be significantly harmed. Infection control in dentistry is especially important at the present stage, when the spread of coronavirus infection has not yet been stopped, and the world is already experiencing the third wave of COVID-19. So, today it is very important to evaluate the existing infection control measures taken in dental health organizations, both private and public, and to investigate the measures proposed in the literature to reduce the transmission of both the new coronavirus and other infectious diseases to patients. Infection control measures in dentistry are aimed at minimizing the cross-transmission of mainly blood-borne pathogens. However, the high degree of contagion of the new coronavirus, as well as the possibility of the appearance of such viruses in the future, makes specialists already think about the need to improve infection control measures in order to preserve the health of patients and make dental manipulations as safe as possible for them. This is especially important for elderly patients, in whom complications from coronavirus-like infectious diseases can be fatal. In dental practice, many people are at risk, such as the practitioner, assistants, patients, administrative staff, cleaners, and possibly accompanying people. Standard precautions are usually not sufficient during the active spread of infections, so it is important to use proper PPE and follow hand hygiene. The sequence of consultations and scheduling of appointments with patients, as well as making changes to the waiting area, are also important. To minimize aerosol contamination, mouthwash should be performed before treatment. It should be taken into account that fans with NERA filters can significantly reduce the number of aerosols and, accordingly, reduce the level of pathogenicity of viruses. The aim of the work is to consider the measures proposed in the publications aimed at improving the measures of infection control during dental manipulations.

Healthcare-associated infections are well-studied in the literature, but remain a significant challenge for healthcare workers (HCWs) in dental practice. This type of infection is strongly correlated with the hand route of transmission of infectious agents. Thus, hand hygiene can be considered a crucial element in the prevention and control of infections.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an experience of a new human coronavirus infection that has been difficult for HCWs, such as dentists and dental assistants, to control. Handwashing (HW) is a keystone method for the prevention and control of spreading severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).In healthcare settings, contrary to the general consideration of HW as a simple practice, HW is regarded as a specific procedure that should be clearly instructed to HCWs. Handwashing is based on using a correct method and the necessary equipment, and its role should be continually emphasized to reinforce compliance. Proper HW might contribute to avoiding possible cross-infection during healthcare activities, particularly in the pandemic situation.The aim of this article was to report on different HW techniques in medical and dental practice, and appropriate HW equipment to perform this simple but important procedure to prevent cross-infection, particularly during the current COVID-19 outbreak.

Online health reviews are powerful since people use them to glean information about medical professionals. Nonetheless, less is known about what strategies can cultivate positive relationships with consumers when the latter are exposed to patient reviews. A 2 (review valence: negative vs. positive) x 3 (message interactivity: low vs medium vs high) x 2 (review responding source: customer service representative vs. dentist) between-subjects (N = 410) online experiment was conducted. The results showed that positive reviews (vs. negative reviews) and increased organizational responsiveness led to more favorable prospective patient reactions toward the reviewed dental practice.Most importantly, this study detected a significant two-way interaction between review valence and message interactivity. As found, even in the presence of negative reviews higher levels of message interactivity on online review sites can significantly improve the health organization-public relationship (e.g., trust, commitment, satisfaction, control mutuality) as well as enhance organizational reputation and patient behavioral intentions.Mediation tests revealed that source credibility mediated the effects of the review responding source on the relational outcomes, organizational reputation, and consumer behavioral intentions. More specifically, when a dentist replied to the reviews prospective patients perceived favorably the dental clinic and were more likely to visit it in the future than when a customer service representative responded. Theoretical and practical implications for effective online relationship management in the healthcare industry are discussed.

Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic arthritis in childhood and represents a series of chronic inflammatory arthritides that develop before 16 years of age. Methods In 2020, investigators with an interest in the management of JIA engaged the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network by conducting a preliminary qualitative questionnaire (“Quick Poll”) that comprised 6 questions about JIA management. Results A total of 604 persons responded. Results suggested that there was an interest in the management of JIA, but many clinicians did not feel that they had the necessary knowledge or experience to treat these patients. Conclusions The study clearly highlights a distinct gap in awareness and understanding of JIA among clinicians polled. Future work in this area should focus on education and awareness across multiple specialties, clinical guidelines for the management of JIA, and a data repository of long-term outcomes.

Introduction: Gender-based preferences are common in dental practice and maybe even more prevalent in academic dentistry. A large number of females have been entering the practice of general dentistry for the past two decades. The present study was done to assess dental students' perception of gender preferences in dentistry using a questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using a pretested questionnaire among dental interns pursuing their internship at different dental schools in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaires were distributed to 482 interns who were willing to participate in the survey. All the responses were collected, tabulated, and analyzed accordingly using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Four hundred and eighty-two dental interns (180 males and 302 females) responded to the survey. Most female interns (68%) prefer female patients for their treatments to the opposite gender. Seventy-five percent of the male interns felt more capable than females to handle stress and workload associated with branches such as prosthodontics, surgery, and implantology. 52.1% felt that female students fared well in academics. Conclusion: The present study shows that more females are taking up this profession in the current situation. It also shows that females are as competitive as males in dentistry and that most of the dental interns want to take up postgraduation after completion of the course. Both males and females are given equal working space and respect in this field of dentistry.

Fahad Abdulaziz Alrashed,1 Kamran Sattar,2 Syed Rashid Habib,3 Tauseef Ahmad,2 Abdulaziz Saud Al Rashoud,3 Turki ali Y SAFHI,3 Abdulrhman Hamad M Almajed,3 Hamad Ali H Alnafisah,3 Norah Hamad Alharbi,3 Abdulrahman Alsubiheen4 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Fahad Abdulaziz AlrashedDepartment of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaEmail faaalrashed@ksu.edu.saPurpose: To estimate dental students’ self-perception of mental well-being (MWB) and its effects on their clinical psychomotor skills (CPS) once they (or their family members) get infected with COVID-19.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional (n =268) study from a public dental college in Riyadh. We collected data on MWB and CPS. An 18-item online survey was used to collect the responses from the participants. The inter-rater reliability for the finalised survey came out to be 0.86.Results: The participants (54.3%) who were infected with COVID-19 recorded that their CPS were significantly affected (almost 4 times higher) as compared to others (OR= 4.02; P=0.0004). However, 42.2% reported infection control measures at clinics resulted in bringing significant (OR=2.22, P=0.04) psychological upsets, for those who were infected with COVID-19. Participants (45.1%) also reported that they have difficulty in recalling old memories or information due to the COVID-19 pandemic; among them, 46.7% were the ones who (and/or any family member) were exposed to COVID-19.Conclusion: The study spotlighted the extent of dental students’ MWB and its significant effect on their CPS once (themselves or a family member) infected with COVID-19. Moreover, levels of infection control measures at clinics resulted in psychological upsets for dental students.Clinical Significance: The issue is fundamental as participants enter the clinical workforce and face the ever-increasing demands of dental practice.Keywords: dental students, clinical psychomotor skills, mental well-being, pandemic, COVID-19

In the practice of modern specialists of maxillofacial surgery and dentists, the use of local anesthetics is a necessary condition for comfortable medical manipulations. Accordingly, in order to achieve the medical goals, it is necessary to make a competent choice of anesthetic medicines. Most often, drugs that are used contain amides, the method of administration of which is blocking or infiltration anesthesia. The specialist should take into account that not all patients will always have the same effective response to a particular local anesthetic, for this reason, it is necessary to constantly update information about modern local anesthetics in order to apply them in medical practice. The aim of the work is to review the medicines used for local anesthesia both in the practice of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons when providing care for the patients over the age of 18.