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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.03.023 Byline: A. Espinosa, R. Harnden, J. Walker Keywords: (P) OR in societal problem analysis; (S) Complexity theory; (P) Organization theory; Sustainability; Cybernetics; Second order cybernetics; Environmental management; Systems thinking; Viable system model Abstract: There is wide acceptance of the need for a more holistic approach to sustainability. However, practical solutions remain elusive and tend to exhibit underlying conflicts between different paradigms and their associated methodologies. This paper argues the need to wield analytical tools that themselves embody the principles of systemic, ecological thinking. We present here a theoretical framework based on complexity science - focused on organisational and second order cybernetics - that highlights our understanding of the concept of sustainability. The paper goes on to reflect upon how current practice would benefit from such an approach. Author Affiliation: Hull University Business School, Scarborough Management Centre, Filey Rd, Scarborough, North Yorkshire YO11 3AZ, United Kingdom Article History: Received 17 February 2006; Accepted 30 March 2007

Various economic policy instruments implemented in Sweden for reducing greenhouse gas emission are presented. An account on regulations, emission trading and emission taxes that are intended to support the cause are also presented.

A study is conducted using field formation approach to analyze the factors that lead to the birth of China's environmental protection system (EPS). This study also analyze the progress in protection systems regulated by China.