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On a 13-meter-high white monolith screen, a succession of shots of tall objects, such as trees, a fountain, scaffolding, an industrial smokestack, a cathedral window and an escalator appear for a f...

Introduction: The restoration of old fountains is essential to the cultural life of society since it preserves the architectural spirit of the past and conveys the historical heritage to the present day. Besides, fountains create a favorable atmosphere in summer, humidifying the air. In the course of the study, we developed an approach to the restoration of the engineering systems and the technology of operation of an old fountain in St. Petersburg. Methods: We performed a detailed survey of the cast-iron fountain body and the pits next to it to discover the catchment basin of the fountain and establish its dimensions, assess the operation of similar fountains, analyze historical documents (old photos), and design engineering systems. Results and discussion: As a result of the study, the dimensions of the fountain and the catchment basin as well as the diameters of the orifices were obtained. The trajectories of the water jets and the scheme of the fountain’s operation were determined. Besides, we performed a hydraulic analysis of the systems and selected the necessary equipment. In this paper, we also present the scheme of the fountain’s operation in the following modes: filling with water, normal operation, and shut-down for winter.

The iconic Charleston Pineapple Fountain, installed in 1990 at Waterfront Park in downtown Charleston, stands as a symbol of the history and hospitality of the Palmetto State.From the beautiful bea...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is receiving a lot of attention in various fields. There is a need for educating students in AI technology. In this context, we have created a new type of carbon dioxide fountain by integrating AI with the well-established Arduino–carbon dioxide fountain experiment. This experiment consists of an Arduino microcontroller, pressure sensor, solenoid valve, and AI speech recognition and demonstrates the carbon dioxide fountain integrating AI speech recognition. In previous work describing the Arduino–carbon dioxide fountain experiment, the solenoid valve is opened automatically when the measured pressure value is less than a setting value. However, in this experiment, AI speech recognition is added to open (or close) the solenoid valve by the voice of the experimenter. In particular, this experiment introduces a scientific inquiry activity integrating AI technology that even beginners can easily apply.

The purpose of this study is to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of the management of the Sri Baduga Fountain Park, Purwakarta Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, data models used is by literature studies, to test the validity of the data is done through triangulation, while for data analysis is done through an interactive model. The results showed that the supporting factors in the management of the Sri Baduga Fountain Park tourism object consisted of: entertainment concept factors; The factor of application of Sundanese culture; and marketing factors, as for the inhibiting factors of the Sribaduga Fountain Park tourist attraction, including the condition of the supporting facilities; Water resource factor; and management funding factors. Researchers recommend that DISPORAPARBUD Purwakarta Regency be able to evaluate the concept of funding tourist attraction facilities; looking for water management concepts; and socializing the importance of implementing ticket-based payments and/or charges at Sri Baduga Fountain Park.

Already in the first two centuries AD, two aqueducts supplied Augusta Treverorum, and especially the huge Barbarathermen. In the early 4th century when Trier became an imperial residence, a large-scale building program was initiated, which concurrently affected the city’s water distribution system. The connection of the main sewer of the Kaiserthermen (which were never finished) with the older sewer canal in street no. 8 was discovered in 2010. In keeping with most of the other late antique canals, the walls were constructed of brick, the production of some can be traced to late antique brick factories. Most of the “new” sewer canals were found in the area of the imperial palace, for example the canals at Schutzenstrase, where the Roman circus is presumed to have been located. In the second half of the 4th century, a new aqueduct bridge was built along the present-day Olewiger Strase, which probably constituted the “new” ending of the older Ruwer aqueduct. In a reused building near the forum, a new bath building (the Viehmartthermen) was installed. The main sewer canal of these baths was lined with waterproof mortar, as was standard for water supply canals. Further evidence for water constructions in late antique Trier include more than a dozen small bathhouses as well as a splendid fountain found during excavations in the 19th century on the other side of the Mosel River. Sumptuous water display came to an end in the 5th century when the Romans no longer occupied the region.

The article highlights the current role of the Chashmai Ayub Water Supply Museum and some ancient waterworks in increasing the knowledge of young people about water science and the prospects for their effective use in the future.

Improving accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH) is an increasingly urgent challenge today. It is not only a matter of physical inaccessibility but also temporal, considering that part of CH now lost. Fortunately, the most modern technological tools are helping to break down both space and time barriers. In facts, recent advances in representation, 3D modelling and survey methodologies opened new scenarios for valorization and conservation of CH. In particular, the improvement of quality in resolution and sensor sensitivity of cameras allowed to achieve the right level of 3D reconstruction through digital photogrammetry procedures. In the same field, terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) allowed acquiring dense point clouds of complex environments with a millimetric level of accuracy. At the same time, the application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies is an excellent solution for improving the accessibility to monuments, museums and archaeological sites. It is possible to share new levels of information about CH, in space and time, for touristic, managerial and scientific aims. This work is focused on the virtualization of CH, considering the study case of the fountain of Wignacourt, today present in St. Philip Garden in Floriana and initially located in Valletta (Malta). The application presented allows the virtual fruition of the monument placed in its original location, St. George Square. A simplified plant of the square will enable tourists to make a temporal journey in the past with their mobile device. The work is part of the Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of CH accessibility. It focuses the attention to the experimentation of new specific procedures in Geomatics necessary to solve big data issues of complex environment visualization.

The "history" of places exists as a stratification process of events that have occurred over time in a specific place, leaving more or less appreciable physical traces. The "memory" of the places, instead, is the result of a conscious choice of events to be handed down to future generations constructing the identity of a community and a recognisable image of places. It is in this sense that the project conducted in Quota, a mountain village in central Tuscany, Italy should be interpreted and set. The urban redevelopment process led to the design and reconstruction of a small agricultural artefact, particularly important to the local community given its location near a public fountain. Initially identified as the subject of an exercise to be conducted as part of the Thematic Seminar "Survey, redevelopment and redesign of architecture and environment", the redesign offered an opportunity to "re-invent" a neglected corner of the village taking as reference the traces of the ancient village fountains to create the plot of a new "story" involving the small local community. The reconstruction was carried out using traditional techniques with stone ashlars and cement mortar. To complete it, a corten steel staircase designed with reverse engineering methods and modelled using experimental 3D photo-modelling was created. The "Quota chestnut dryer" proved to be a virtuous process involving various subjects to enable the recovery of a degraded area, a possible model for the preservation of villages in the Apennines of central Italy, authentic sites of collective memory.

Fountain coding is a new paradigm for enhancing wireless communications security. In this paper, we investigate how to dynamically construct the fountain code to prevent information leakage and reduce the decoding delay at the legitimate receiver. To be specific, a method is developed to determine how many source packets should be used and which source packets should be chosen to participate in the fountain coding process, taking into account the channel quality, delay constraint, as well as the priorities of various source packets. We also apply the proposed scheme to practical image transmission, and demonstrate the advantages of our scheme via numerical simulations.

Microwave synthesizers that are used to generate microwave signals for the CSF1 and CSF2 fountain clocks at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) are described. The synthesizers are based on a divider chain and a digital frequency synthesis and have been designed for use with an optically stabilized microwave oscillator. They have been designed in a modular fashion to assure long-term operation and low down times. The results of an in-depth examination of spectral purity, phase noise, and long-term phase stability are presented. Also, the implications of measured parameters on the fountain timing are assessed. Two methods of suppressing the frequency-shifting effect of microwave leakage fields are implemented, with one method in each synthesizer. The first method uses an interferometric switch, and the second uses a phase-coherent and phase-preserving frequency detuning scheme; their contribution to the systematic uncertainty of the fountains is assessed. The overall systematic uncertainty contribution associated with the fountain electronics is below $1 \times 10^{-17}$ for both fountain clocks.

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the seismic performance of Cerere, the central sculpture of Bartolomeo Ammannati’s Juno Fountain, currently located in Florence, at the Museum of Bargello. A 3D geometrical model based on a laser scanner survey has been obtained and employed to build the finite element model (FEM) used in the analyses. The seismic response of the sculpture has been checked by performing different dynamic analyses, applying three three-dimensional spectrum-compatible ground motions, and using different computer codes and assumptions. The considered numerical models differ from each other regarding the material behavior (linear and non-linear) and the connection between the statue and its pedestal. The obtained results reveal that this latter assumption affects very much the dynamic response of the system. The role played by the possible assumptions regarding the number of components constituting the seismic input and the amount of friction between the pedestal and the statue are also discussed.

Water fountains have been produced by sculptors, architects and engineers over the years in Nigeria, however the production of water fountains in ceramics is not popular and could be rarely seen in public spaces, longues and interiors of public buildings especially in Anambra State. In view of this; this project entitled “Production of a Water Fountain using Ceramics for Interior Decoration in Anambra State” was designed to enlighten the society that ceramic materials could be used for the production of water fountain instead of other media like cement and metal. Also, that water fountain when situated in the interior of the house will help in relaxation thereby reducing some tensions and stress after all day work. Data used were sourced from both primary and secondary sources. An explorative method of research was employed in the project. The processes involved in the execution of the work were showcased in detail. The study observes that majority of water fountains seen around were made using cement instead of ceramics, which is more durable, hygienic, attractive and nature friendly, hence the need for this project. This work encourages more research in this area of study.

Vaginal bleeding in premenarchal girls is a rare but alarming symptom that may have many different causes. Opinions differ as to when a vaginal examination should be performed under general anaesthesia together with colposcopy. The most common cause of vaginal bleeding is vul- vovaginitis, followed by traumatic injuries, which can also be caused by water sports. In this article, we present the case of a six-year-old girl with vaginal bleeding caused by a high-pressure water fountain in a thermal pool.

This article focuses on the experience of finding a new source of water since the fountain fed by the neighbor’s source dried up in the middle of an alpine summer of farming in the Swiss Alps. This...

Water enters the fountains of Peterhof naturally through a system of locks, canals, reservoirs and springs from the Ropsha heights, and the height of the jets can vary depending on their filling. Pumps were never used in Peterhof. Tourists from all over the world come to see this fountain near famous palaces. The water delivery uses one tube pipe descending from the nearest hill. After the water comes down again in the lake, it flows out through the drain pipe. So even this very high fountain is working without any motor and comes back tube. And many fountains in the world are built according to this method. For hundreds of years of the existence of fountains, it never occurred to anyone to build a second pipe to return the water up the hill. So obviously, it is a one-way method.

The article presents the authors of literary creation, based on the theory of Julia Kristeva Tales of Love,1987andMarie Nikolajave Reading for Learning, 2015. Trial is the author of medieval trobairitz, enlightenment préciosité, romanticwomen fairy tale writersto contemporary trobairitz. The texts of the authors of the intertextual, dominated by emotional motifs (love, trust, loyalty), supported by actions (Love test) reflect the symbols (garden fountain, wall). Central emotionalekphrasis -love the emotion that has similar symptoms as anxiety (expectation,call andmeeting). The authors express themselves with metaphors, often asliterary parallelism -externalization of the inner landscape -literal and emotional winter. The authors are suggestible translate visuals into verbal world -songs(Azalais de Porcairagues, Comtessade Dia, Maria de Ventadorn), memories (Helena Kottanner), fairy tales (Jeanne Marie Leprince de Beaumont).

Rodoscuk, growing as a port city from mid-XV Century,was sheltering a big mass for hosting a resident population and traders thatcome to the city for certain periods of time. The issue of water supply was oneof the most important needs of this dynamic city and various foundations werecaring finically about the solution of this problem with the efforts of bothlocal people and Ottoman statesmen and ulema. They brought the city firstlyaqueducts and fountains, wells, shadirvans, hammams that made the water usagepossible. In time correspondingly withincreasing needs, waterworks and structures increased quantitatively andcountinued to satisfy the need for water by gaining new forms., XV.yy’ınortalarından itibaren bir liman kenti olarak gelişen Rodoscuk, özellikle ticariaktivitenin giderek yoğunlaşması sebebiyle meskûn nüfusun yanı sıra günü birlik ya da belli zamandilimleri arasında şehre gelen ticaret erbabına da ev sahipliği yaparakkalabalık bir kitleyi barındırmaktaydı. Bu dinamik şehrin temel ihtiyaçlarınınbaşında su temini meselesi gelmiş olup gerek yerel halk gerekse -ki en etkinşekilde- Osmanlı devlet adamları ve ulemanın gayretleriyle çeşitli vakıflar bumeselenin çözümüne titizlikle eğilmişlerdir. Bu ihtiyaç doğrultusunda baştasuyolu olmak üzere su kullanımını mümkün kılan çeşme, kuyu, şadırvan, hamamgibi yapıları şehre kazandırmışlardır. Zamanla artan ihtiyaçlara paralel olaraksu şebekeleri ve su yapıları da nicelik olarak artmış ve yeni formlar kazanaraksu ihtiyacını karşılamaya devam etmişlerdir.

We introduced the concept of a digital fountain as a scalable approach to reliable multicast, realized with fast and practical erasure codes, in a paper published in ACM SIGCOMM '98. This invited editorial, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the SIG, reflects on the trajectory of work leading up to our approach, and the numerous developments in the field in the subsequent 21 years. We discuss advances in rateless codes, efficient implementations, applications of digital fountains in distributed storage systems, and connections to invertible Bloom lookup tables.

FIGURE 1. Unknown artist, Lettice Newdigate aged two, 1606. Arbury Hall, Warwickshire. Photograph reproduced by kind permission of the owner.A small girl stands at the door to a walled garden (Figu...

The premise of this paper is that a basis for firms receiving Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) research awards to develop commercializable technologies is not only their proposed creative ideas but also their endowment of attendant knowledge necessary to develop the technology being proposed. Based on this premise, we propose that those firms that have higher growth rates attributable to their SBIR awards are also those firms that are more creative and have more knowledge endowments. Empirically, we quantify a firms creativity and its sources of research knowledge in terms of its past experiences, and we find that firms with more technical experience and sector experience are those that have realized higher growth rates from their SBIR-funded research.

In 2016, the Municipality of Bologna (Italy) has undertaken the restoration of one of the symbols of the entire city, the Fountain of Neptune, in evident state of degradation. The works have touched upon all the aspects of this complex object and the project has seen involved the Municipality and the University of Bologna, the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione e il Restauro (ISCR) (Rome) and the Visual Computing Lab of the CNR – ISTI (Pisa), in a modern and highly multi-disciplinary approach.One of the key elements of the project was made up by the creation of an information system ad hoc developed to permit, in an innovative, efficient and user-friendly way, the collection, sharing, management and analysis of all the information and data related to diagnostics and restoration actions. The base of the information system is a very detailed 3D model of the monument, realized by means of the most modern techniques for objects 3D modelling (laser scanning, digital photogrammetry and 3D scanning) integrated together with the aim to obtain a photo-textured 3D model characterized by a sub-millimetre precision level in the geometric description and a high perceptive fidelity of colour reproduction.The surveying activities and data processing, performed by the DICAM Geomatics group of the University of Bologna (with the collaboration of the MCM Company of Rome), are described in the paper, with considerations on the problems encountered and the procedures and solutions adopted. The information system has been developed by CNR-ISTI.

The control of ultrasonic atomization is important in its various application fields. Even though the acoustic fountain’s shape is directly related to the quantity of atomized droplets, theoretical analysis of the shape has not been sufficient. In this study, a theoretical analysis model for analyzing the fountain shape caused by ultrasound is suggested. The fountain shape was examined theoretically and experimentally for various input acoustic powers, radiation areas of the ultrasonic transducer, and depths of the liquid. The results showed that the maximum height of the fountain for ultrasonic atomization occurred for a depth of 7 cm when the 1.5 cm diameter ultrasonic transducer was driven by 2-MHz continuous wave in water. We confirmed that the suggested model provided the optimum liquid depth considering the effects of attenuation with increasing propagating distance of the ultrasound.

Procedural modeling is a method that determines production rules and allows for developing effective structural design in architecture. Fountain (Shadirvan) is an important component of Turkish architecture and having a symmetrical structure and distinctive elements makes fountains suitable for procedural modeling. In this study, we propose a procedural method to design different fountain models similar to ones that exist in Turkish architecture. We specify the parameters by looking at the texture, shape, and quantity of observed fountain images for production rules. Based on the selection of parameters, different fountain models are generated in a procedural manner. We present several different models, determined parameters, and parameter values. We explain how we create shapes such as polygon and pyramid. We show samples of 3d fountain models that our model can produce. Also, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the proposed system in terms of its expressiveness and usability. In this experiment, we asked subjects to produce 3D fountain models similar to the ones in provided images by selecting parameters of the proposed model or by traditional 3D modeling tools.

The Triumphal Monument Tropaeum Traiani of Adamclisi, Romania is analyzed with reference to the survey published by the German Professor Carl Wilhelm Wutzer after his trip of 1856 in Dobrudja. Since 1882, Tocilescu excavated the ruin and appreciated past data, although there was enough criticism about the idea of considering the monument as built by Persians and geometrical figures of parapets as Persian letters. Most intriguing was, anyway, the information about the previous existence of a “fountain“, as well as of a “coffin-shaped marble vessel“ on the upper part of ruin, as well as of some stone plates, according to the stories of an elder Bulgarian. Since the data of that epoch are scarce, they are worth to be re-evaluated. In this respect, a careful translation was done, with due attention to debatable findings. The pieces, images and symbols associated to the ruin and with stone parts were correlated with the stages of dismantling and decay, in the historical and religious context of the Ottoman period. The author¢s correlations and interpretations are based on factual arguments, bridging the gap between the archaeologist¢s concepts and local population perceptions and public memory in Dobrudja. Thus, a valuable historical information is recovered, and it was established that the three items of Wutzer report existed and were excavated by Tocilescu. Although they had other initial functions, they correspond to specific components of the hexagonal tower, some of them exposed in museum, other lost in time.

John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi presents us with a mix of domestic tragedy and revenge tragicomedy. In an intriguing historical parallel, Laroque reminds us that Countess Elizabeth Bathory of Hungary was arrested in her castle in 1610 for the blood baths she took after a mass killing of servants and young girls. In the play, Laroque contends, many water images seemingly suggest the idea of purgation. Cariola’s idea of ‘a progress to the baths/At Lucca’ in 3.2 temporarily creates the fantasy of female companionship and evokes the tradition of women’s bath as described by Nicolas de Nicolay’s Peregrinations and voyages…into Turquie. Yet, the tragedy finally exposes the insidious work of polluted waters that reverse the beneficent action of curative baths.

The impact of conventional hydroelectric power generation plants has lead to diminishing agricultural regions. Also, the construction of dams and reservoirs which essentially requires lots of lands has forced the transition of people and consumed forest areas as well. Hydroelectric power plants can affect the quality and the flow of water in the dam or river. Because of the hydropower plant, the oxygen level in the water decreases so this is very harmful to the biodiversity presented under the river water, stream, and dam or the area in which the power plant is been established. Another characteristic of hydropower plants is that the water used for hydropower generation is hardly recycled, i.e., fed back to the water reservoir. This paper explores the opportunity for use of Heron’s Fountain to generate electrical power. MATLAB modeling of Heron’s Fountain and simulation results to determine requisites for hydropower generation are discussed.

NIM has built three cesium fountain clocks in Beijing area. NIM5 fountain clock has been reported to BIPM since 2014. The microwave synthesizer and computer control system of NIM5 had been modified recently. The type-B uncertainty is 9×10−16, limited by the interferometric switch in the microwave chain. NIM5-M has been sent to 32 km away from NIM and compared with NIM5 via fiber link. The new NIM6 fountain clock has been built and evaluated, the results are presented in the paper. The direct comparison of NIM5 and NIM6 has also been done, a relative frequency difference of 4.4×10−16 was obtained for 20 days averaging time, consistent with the total uncertainty of the two clocks.

In Remembering Elizabeth Bishop, an oral biography assembled by Gary Fountain and Peter Brazeau, the literary critic David Kalstone recalls a conversation with Bishop in which he praised her poem “...

The article presents materials on the creation of two covered pedestrian bridges across the Moscow river and the development of their coastal areas; provides information on their innovative movement to the new alignments. Both bridges were built in 1905–1907 as part of the Moscow Ring Railway; pedestrian bridges were created on their basis. Like the prototypes, they took a symmetrical position relative to the axis of the "Kremlin – Vorobyewy Gory" and the river bend. Various approaches to the renovation of historical objects are shown, some conceptual provisions on the problems of the relationship between the old and the new are highlighted. For Andreevsky bridge historical metal superstructure and granite facing of supports were displaced from the old shot. The architectural design of the bridge at the Kievsky railway station includes only one historical steel arch span, which became the basis of the composition and a unique exhibit in the interior of the new covered public space. The questions of interaction of the created objects, surrounding situations and formation of adjacent territories are considered. New large urban Esplanade between Lenin and the Komsomol prospectus in the alignment of the Andreevsky bridge connected the areas of Yakimanka and Khamovniki, a new lower pedestrian promenade with a jetty connected rotunda (by architect M. Kazakov) and low embankment (by architect A. Vlasov). Another bridge connected the areas of Plyushchikha and Dorogomilovo; the square in front of the station was landscaped with the creation of the fountain "Abduction of Europe" ensemble. New bridges served as the basis for the formation of the city pedestrian route "Neskuchny sad – Moscow-city". The teams of authors were awarded prizes of Moscow and "Crystal Daedalus" for the design and architecture of new pedestrian bridges. The article is illustrated by the author's drawings. The materials are intended for architects, researchers, students of architectural universities.

Observations of the rapid release of CO2 from carbonated beverages, also known as sodas, provide a rich assortment of experiments for chemical educators and their students to explore. For example, dropping Mentos candies into a freshly opened bottle of soda creates a fountain that can jet several meters into the air. The fountain is generated by rapid formation of CO2(g) bubbles on innumerable nucleation sites that exist on the rough surface of the candies. Interestingly, it is possible to create fountains of moderate height by dropping smooth objects into bottles of soda. Exploration of how smooth objects create such fountains provides new classroom demonstrations, laboratory experiments, and inquiry-based projects that can be tied to topics that include kinetics, density, and gas solubility.

This essay offers strategies for teaching two of Landon's poems, "Age and Youth" and "The Thessalian Fountain," alongside two frequently taught poems by Wordsworth, the "Intimations" ode and "Nutting." Such a comparative approach makes the work of both poets accessible to students while addressing Landon's place in the Romantic canon.

In all kinds of modern fountains, music fountain can integrate human's sense of vision and hearing in real time, and plan the perfect environmental art effect in the urban planning landscape. Based on this, the theory of musical feature recognition was proposed, and the forms of the fountain and the main points of the layout and layouts under different environments were analyzed; based on the above methods, the Dallas fountain square was analyzed comprehensively, including the design background, design features and the main points of landscape planning. The results show that Dallas fountain plaza can be regarded as one of the representative works of structuralism architectural style, and it can provide a classic case of learning structuralism for future generations.

In his Ars praedicandi sermones, in traditional yet rich metaphoric language, Ranulf Higden compares Christ to a fountain, a shepherd, a rock, a lily, a rose, a violet, an elephant, a unico...

BACKGROUND: In January 2015, Berkeley, California became the first city in the Unites States to impose a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. The tax is intended to discourage purchase of sugary beverages and promote consumption of healthier alternatives such as tap water. The goal of the study was to assess the condition of public drinking water fountains and determine if there is a difference in access to clean, functioning fountains based on race or socio-economic status. METHODS: A mobile-GIS App was created to locate and collect data on existing drinking water fountains in Berkeley, CA. Demographic variables related to race and socio-economic status (SES) were acquired from the US Census - American Community Survey database. Disparities in access to, or condition of drinking water fountains relative to demographics was explored using spatial analyses. Spatial statistical-analysis was performed to estimate demographic characteristics of communities near the water fountains and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between household median income or race and condition of fountain. RESULTS: Although most fountains were classified as functioning, some were dirty, clogged, or both dirty and clogged. No spatial relationships between demographic characteristics and fountain conditions were observed. DISCUSSION: All geo-located data and a series of maps were provided to the City of Berkeley and the public. CONCLUSIONS: The geo-database created as an outcome of this study is useful for prioritizing maintenance of existing fountains and planning the locations of future fountains. The methodologies used for this study could be applied to a wide variety of asset inventory and assessment projects such as clinics or pharmaceutical dispensaries, both in developed and developing countries.

During the last restoration of the Fontana di Trevi -Rome (2014–2015), it has been performed a diagnostic investigation to characterize the materials used to build and obtain the colors of the surfaces of some architectural elements of this fountain. According to the restoration teamwork needs, we focussed our efforts on the dome over the central statue of Oceanus, on the bas-relieves on the sides of the dome, and on the cliff where the water flows. Several samples were collected from these elements and therefore, they were subjected to an analytical approach including infrared spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The achieved results indicated the use of red earth pigments on the dome. The same pigment has been revealed on the bas-relieves, although their colors have an additional contribution due to degraded layers. Samples taken from the cliff showed a complex stratigraphy, although a white scialbo has been identified as original layer, testifying the intentions of the author...

In the centuries following the conquest of Granada in 1492, the Alhambra’s iconic Fountain of Lions underwent numerous changes. More than a hundred years ago, a process of restoring the object to its original appearance under Nasrid rule was initiated. The joint interpretation of archaeological findings and historical texts guided the process of writing and rewriting the early biography of an object whose physical form has gradually been reshaped according to these narratives. The present article focuses on a brief period in the complex history of the fountain—the decades surrounding the conquest of Granada—and revisits Islamic and Christian written testimonies, emphasizing their inherent limitations as documentary sources. By introducing a hitherto unknown Neo-Latin poem, the article calls into question the early biography of the Fountain of Lions as it has been narrated so far, thereby challenging recent modifications to the fountain.

The Dresden-Friedrichstadt hospital originated from Marcolini's summer palace. It was founded in 1845 and opened in 1849. It is a place where history and art of European importance mixes with technical and medical innovations. We reflect on the meetings of Napoleon Bonaparte and Metternich in 1812, the creation of the famous Neptune fountain by Longuelune and Matielli and two outstanding physicians of the 19th century, the surgeon Eduard Zeis, who coined the medical term "plastic surgery", and Maximilian Nitze, inventor of the first "modern" cystoscope and the father of urology.

Vilko Ukmar (1905–1991) je širši javnosti veliko bolj znan po skladateljskem opusu kot pa po svojem univerzitetnem pedagoškem delu in glasbenem zgodovinopisju. V svojem dolgem življenju je segal na najrazličnejša področja, na katerih se je izkazal kot veliki poznavalec estetsko-filozofskih vprašanj in prodoren pisec o umetnosti, še posebno o glasbeni misli in estetiki ter slogu. Njegovo krčevito iskanje življenjskega smisla in pomena umetnosti na splošno, ne le glasbene, se je enakovredno izražalo v njegovih publikacijah in obsežnem glasbenem opusu. Po začetnem študiju prava se je kmalu odločil, da bo prav glasba njegova življenjska sopotnica, in ji je posvetil tako rekoč ves svoj čas. Ukmarjevi dosežki in nesebično umetniško prizadevanje pričajo o izjemni ustvarjalnosti, vrelcu misli, ki je izviral bodisi iz njegovega glasbenega opusa bodisi je bilo tesno povezano z njim.