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MI-3 is a consortium of 11 universities and research laboratories whose mission is to develop complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensors (APS) and to apply these sensors to a range of imaging challenges. A range of sensors has been developed: On-Pixel Intelligent CMOS (OPIC)—designed for in-pixel intelligence; FPN—designed to develop novel techniques for reducing fixed pattern noise; HDR—designed to develop novel techniques for increasing dynamic range; Vanilla/PEAPS—with digital and analogue modes and regions of interest, which has also been back-thinned; Large Area Sensor (LAS)—a novel, stitched LAS; and eLeNA—which develops a range of low noise pixels. Applications being developed include autoradiography, a gamma camera system, radiotherapy verification, tissue diffraction imaging, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, DNA sequencing and electron microscopy.

In the oil and gas industry hydrogen sulfide is usually associated with hydrocarbon gases. This code of practice provides a way of classifying gas streams into materials where the hydrogen sulfide is the prime health hazard (high hydrogen sulfide materials, greater than 0.4% hydrogen sulfide) and where the hydrocarbons, through their ability to intoxicate and form explosive mixtures, are the prime hazard (low hydrogen sulfide materials, less than 0.4% hydrogen sulfide). This classification is based on alerting workers to the presence of hydrogen sulfide at 20 ppm in the air, or hydrocarbons at 10 percent of the lower explosive limit. Based on this classification, the code provides guidance on what type of gas monitoring is needed; exposure and evacuation standards; training requirements; respiratory protection; and working alone. The code draws attention to the way that liquids can cause hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the head space of tanks or sumps that are much higher than in the gas enter...

Small satellites can be constructed at a fraction of the cost of a full-size satellite. One full-size satellite can be replaced with a multitude of small satellites, which offers a benefit in covering more area at the same time, achievable through formations. However, the shortcoming to the smaller size is usually a lack of thrusting capabilities. Furthermore, current designs for small satellite deployment mechanisms are only capable of low deployment velocities (on the order of meters per second). Prior research in using a pneumatic launcher shows that it is possible to achieve higher deployment velocities (75–125 m/s). This is beneficial in that it opens the possibility for limited but useful orbit placement and small satellite formations. Achieving a formation is done by reformulating the classical orbital mechanics equations to find the required deployment velocity vectors that yield the desired formation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME

It is sought to determine the suitability of fluorine based gases, i.e. 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), for use in a micronozzle. Several experimental thrust measurements have already been made for micronozzles using air or nitrogen. However, air and nitrogen are too prohibitive in terms of transportation in nano/pico satellites. Fluorine based gases, although not as efficient, offer a huge payoff in terms of transportability. The efficiency of R-134a was found to be about 27% lower than that of nitrogen, while being multitudes better in terms of transportability. Unsteady flow was encountered for air and nitrogen, while completely unexpected behavior was exhibited by R-134a.Copyright © 2010 by ASME

The electrical and mechanical design of a micro-strip slotted line will be described. By means of this line, large-signal input and output impedances, gain and conversion efficiency of two-port bipolar transistor, FET and CATT devices can be measured as a function of frequency and power level. Measurements with the new microstrip slotted line can be performed much more quickly and accurately than with the conventional method.

Analyses were made of water recovered from human urine and from atmospheric condensate collected during manned tests inside a sealed chamber. Data on more than 200 samples were prepared for comparison with that of distilled water and tap water and with U.S. Public Health Standards for drinking water. Most of the samples were suitable for human consumption. Candidate systems for recovering potable water from urine were evaluated. Thermoelectric, electrodialysis, and vapor compression water reclamation devices were determined to be suitable for use during extended aerospace missions.