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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as damage to the spinal cord that temporarily or permanently changes its function. There is no definite treatment established for neurological complete injury patients. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract and ginsenosides on neurological recovery and antioxidant efficacies in rat models following SCI and explore the appropriate dosage. Searches were done on PubMed, Embase, and Chinese databases, and animal studies matches the inclusion criteria were selected. Pair-wise meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Ten studies were included, and the overall methodological qualities were low quality. The result showed ginseng extract and ginsenosides significantly improve neurological function, through the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale (pooled MD = 4.40; 95% CI = 3.92 to 4.88; p, Graphical abstract Image 1

Libo Wang,1 Gan Li,1 Chang Yuan,1 Yuele Yang,1 Gongxia Ling,1 Jinyu Zheng,1 Yiyang Zhou,1 Tianlei Zhang,1 Wei Lin,2 Zhenlang Lin2 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei Lin; Zhenlang Lin Email linwei1110@163.com; lzlprof2020@163.comAbstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been circulating in many countries around the world, characterized by long incubation period, strong infectivity, strong variability, high population susceptibility and diversified transmission methods. Its causative agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared with adult patients, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are often dominated by mild or asymptomatic infections, but children are also important virus carriers and play an important role in the transmission of the virus. In addition, some children will show excessive inflammatory response and experience serious complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). At present, the research on COVID-19 in children is still imperfect. This article will review epidemiological characteristics, the mechanism of action, variant characteristics, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations and treatment of children with COVID-19, in order to provide help for the diagnosis, treatment and research of children with COVID-19.Keywords: children, COVID-19, mutation, clinical manifestations, treatment

In this paper, combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), information entropy theory, and set pair analysis (SPA) theory, an improved set pair analysis model (EFAHP-SPA) for open-pit mine slope stability evaluation based on entropy method and FAHP is proposed. Taking the east-side slope of Tonglvshan north open-pit mine in Daye as an example, the proposed method is verified. First, an open-pit mine slope stability evaluation index system with 14 indicators in 4 categories, namely the topography and geomorphology, geological structure, hydrogeology, and other factors, have been constructed. Second, the objective weight and subjective weight of each evaluation index are calculated by entropy and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and then the comprehensive weight of the evaluation index is estimated based on subjective weight and objective weight. Afterward, the single-index connection degree between the evaluation index and the evaluation standard of the secondary subsystem is evaluated considering the improved set pair analysis theory, and the comprehensive connection degree of the system is obtained by combining it with the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index. Finally, the confidence criterion is established to discern the risk grade of slope stability in the east-side slope of the north open pit in Daye Tonglvshan mine. Moreover, case studies and comparisons of the proposed model with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and Entropy-SPA model were performed to confirm the validity and reliability. The results show that the evaluation results of the proposed EFAHP-SPA model are consistent with the actual situation of open-pit mines and the evaluation results of entropy-SPA model and are somewhat different from those of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. It indicates that the proposed EFAHP-SPA evaluation model can objectively evaluate the slope stability of the open-pit mine.

Bright red emission of Mn4+ ions was obtained in a novel non-rare-earth host of Li4AlSbO6. Luminescence properties as well as crystal structure and particle morphology of Li4AlSbO6:Mn4+ phosphors were studied. The phosphors can effectively produce intensive red emission at 673 nm with the excitation of UV or blue light. The optimum doping concentration of Mn4+ is obtained at 0.15 mol%. The internal quantum efficiency measurement shows that Li4AlSbO6:Mn4+ is an efficient phosphor with the best quantum yield of 54.8%. The electroluminescence of phosphor-converted LED device based on Li4AlSbO6:Mn4+ is well coupled with the absorption of several important plant pigments, which suggests that the phosphor is a promising candidate for indoor plant lighting.

Importance Pediatric hypervascular primary airway tumors are progressive, fatal lesions with a low incidence, and the disease is often more serious than that in adults. Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of interventional therapeutic bronchoscopy combined with conservative treatment and bronchial arterial embolization in children with primary airway tumors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of four pediatric patients with hypervascular primary airway tumor between 2017 and 2019 at Beijing Children's Hospital. Results Two patients were low-grade bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma, one patient was pleomorphic adenoma, and one was bronchial leiomyoma. Interventional therapeutic bronchoscopy combined with bronchial arterial embolization was used for treatment (all four patients received general anesthesia). The tumors were safely resected in all patients via interventional bronchoscopy. There were no severe complications related to the procedures. All patients were followed up for 5-12 months, and one low-grade bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma recurred. Interpretation Interventional therapeutic bronchoscopy combined with bronchial arterial embolization appears to be a safe and efficient therapeutic method associated with less trauma and fewer complications, including no serious adverse events, in children with hypervascular primary airway tumors without bronchus wall infiltration.

The development of coal seam fissures and gas migration process caused by mining disturbance has an extremely important influence on gas control and roadway stability. In this study, the desorption, diffusion, and migration tests of adsorbed gas under the coupling effect of temperature and uniaxial compression were conducted on four coal samples from Zhangxiaolou mine, using the temperature and pressure coupling test system of deep coal rocks. The test confirms that the higher the temperature, the faster the desorption and emission of the adsorbed gases in the coal, and the larger the volume of the emitted gases. Meanwhile, it is found that the adsorbed gases in the coal samples of Zhangxiaolou mine are carbon dioxide and methane in the order of content. It is found that during the uniaxial compression process, several large negative values of the pressure of the emitted gas occur during the stable growth stage of the crack. This indicates that the crack expansion makes a new negative pressure space inside the coal sample, and the negative pressure values increase continuously during the unstable growth phase of the crack until the coal sample is destroyed. And after the axial pressure is removed, the escaped gas pressure shows a large positive value due to the rebound of the coal matrix and the continuous desorption of a large amount of adsorbed gas from the new crack location, which has a significant hysteresis with respect to the occurrence of the peak stress. Meanwhile, the SEM images of the coal samples before and after the test are analyzed to confirm the cause of the negative pressure generation.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), as the main causative pathogen of viral diarrhea in pigs, has been reported to result in high morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and cause significant economic losses to the swine industry. Rapid diagnosis methods are essential for preventing outbreaks and transmission of this disease. In this study, a paper-based lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of PEDV in swine fecal samples was developed using stable color-rich latex beads as the label. Under optimal conditions, the newly developed latex bead-based lateral flow immunoassay (LBs-LFIA) attained a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 103.60 TCID50/mL and no cross-reactivity with other related swine viruses. To solve swine feces impurity interference, by adding a filtration unit design of LFIA without an additional pretreatment procedure, the LBs-LFIA gave good agreement (92.59%) with RT-PCR results in the analysis of clinical swine fecal samples (n = 108), which was more accurate than previously reported colloidal gold LFIA (74.07%) and fluorescent LFIA (86.67%). Moreover, LBs-LFIA showed sufficient accuracy (coefficient of variance [CV] 56 days) performance for PEDV detection, which is promising for on-site analysis and user-driven testing in pig production system.

As a severe progressive degenerative disease, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has a poor prognosis and is associated with physical pain, stiffness, motor or sensory dysfunction, and a high risk of spinal cord injury and acroparalysis. Thus, therapeutic strategies that promote efficient spinal cord regeneration in this chronic and progressive disease are urgently needed. Effective and reproducible animal spinal cord compression models are required to understand the complex biological mechanism underlying CSM. Most spinal cord injury models reflect acute and structural destructive conditions, whereas animal models of CSM present a chronic compression in the spinal cord. This paper presents a protocol to generate a rat spinal cord compression model, which was further evaluated by assessing the behavioral score and observing the compressed spinal cord region. The behavioral assessments showed decreased monitor motor disability, including joint movements, stepping ability, coordination, trunk stability, and limb muscle strength. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunostaining revealed considerable neuronal apoptosis in the compressed region of the spinal cord.

As a major cause for the inefficiency of cancer chemotherapy, multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a major barrier to cancer treatment. Mitochondrion-orientated transportation of smart liposomes has been developed as a promising strategy to deliver anticancer drugs directly to tumor sites and actively target the mitochondria, so that drugs can interfere with mitochondrial function and facilitate cell apoptosis, overcoming MDR. Herein, we report a novel dual-functional paclitaxel (PTX) liposome system possessing both CD44-targeting and mitochondrial-targeting properties to enhance drug accumulation in mitochondria and trigger apoptosis of drug-resistant cancer cells. Mitochondria-targeting PTX-loaded liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration and then coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) by electrostatic adsorption. We evaluated the characteristics of the PTX liposomes in vitro, and found that their particle size was about 100 nm and increased to ∼140 nm after modification by HA. The entrapment efficiency was larger than 85%, and stability data indicated that the liposomes were physically and chemically stable for at least one week at 4 °C. We further evaluated the intake, mitochondrial targeting, ATP levels, caspase-3 activity measurement, and antitumor actives of the liposomes. The results indicated that HA-coated liposomes with mitochondria targeting had significant inhibitory effects against A549 and A549/Taxol cells, showing them to be a promising means of improving therapeutic efficacy and overcoming MDR in cancer treatment.

Background Shenqisherong pill (SQSRP) has been used clinically to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with satisfactory results; however, its active ingredients and mechanisms are unclear. The present study aimed to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of SQSRP against CSM using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The compounds in SQSRP were obtained from public databases and related literature, and oral bioavailability (≥30%) and drug-likeness (≥0.18) were screened using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria. Compounds-related and CSM-related target genes were identified using public databases, and the overlapping genes between compounds and CSM target genes were identified using a Venn diagram. Cytoscape and STRING were used to construct, visualize, and analyze the interaction network between these overlapping targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping targets used Omicshare tools and constructed a compound-overlapping targets network, target-pathway network, and compound-target-pathway network using Cytoscape. Finally, molecular docking software was used to verify the targets. Results A total of 447 compounds in SQSRP were identified, and ADME screening identified 96 compounds as potentially active ingredients. A total of 249 compound-related genes and 280 CSMrelated genes were identified using public databases, and 53 overlapping genes were identified. The results of compound targets and protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the pharmacological effects of SQSRP against CSM involved 56 compounds and 53 genes. The results of GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the therapeutic effects of SQSRP against CSM were exerted by reducing inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, and protecting neurons. The molecular mechanisms may be strongly associated with PI3K-Akt, MAPK, IL-17, and TNF, which might be pivotal signaling pathways. Conclusions The active ingredients and mechanisms of SQSRP against CSM were investigated using network pharmacology. The findings proved that the pill could treat CSM through multi-component, multitarget, and multi-pathway synergy and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent extraction of active ingredients from SQSRP.

Selective laser melting (SLM) has been successful in fabricating advanced engineering parts with high geometrical complexities. However, some metals or alloys with high strength, low weldability, and large freezing range, such as 7075 aluminium alloy, have low SLM-processability and are hard to be directly SLM-fabricated. Here, we proposed a novel strategy, combining substrate modification and inoculation treatment, to fabricate a crack-free and dense high-strength 7075 alloy using SLM at a broad processing window. Inoculation of the 7075 alloy powder with 1 wt% Ti submicron particles substantially refine the Al grains, effectively increasing the cracking resistance. Furthermore, the SLM substrate was modified, which allows integration of thermal insulation materials, such as vermiculite, to the substrate. As a result, the melt pool cooling rate and thermal gradient during solidification were significantly reduced. This directly led to a reduction in thermal stress within the melt pool. With combination of the substrate modification and Ti inoculation, crack-free, fine-equiaxed microstructure was obtained in the SLM-fabricated 7075 alloy that has the mechanical properties comparable to its wrought counterpart. This strategy can be implemented to SLM of other engineering alloys with low AM processability, providing a foundation for broadening industrial applications of SLM.

With the construction of interconnected power grid and the rapid development of clean energy, the frequency problem of power system is becoming increasingly prominent. The problem of ultra-low frequency oscillation affects the stability of system frequency. In order to analyze the frequency regulation characteristics of the system, it is necessary to study the local active power control link and stability calculation model of the hydropower plant computer monitoring system. In this paper, the influence of the local active power control link of the monitoring system on the system frequency small signal stability is studied, and the model is built in the simulation program. Through the simulation of 4-machine-2 regional power grid, the influence characteristics of local active power control on frequency dynamic damping level are verified. In the example of large power grid, the coordination between the local active power control of the monitoring system and the speed regulation system of hydropower units is comprehensively considered, the suggestion of coordination of multi-level frequency modulation resources to system frequency regulation is put forward.

Through the establishment of structural mechanics model, this paper analyzes the fracture of super thick rock stratum. Through the model, it can be seen that the fracture of low-level super thick rock stratum produces large elastic energy release and dynamic load, which is easy to produce disasters such as rock burst. The numerical calculation shows that under the influence of low hard and thick rock stratum, the leading area of coal mine roadway will produce energy concentration, and the coal pillar will also produce energy accumulation. Thick rock stratum is in bending state and has large bending elasticity. Coal pillar has large compression elasticity, which is the main reason for rock burst. The accumulation of elastic properties of overburden and rock burst caused by coal pillar energy storage can be effectively controlled by using advanced presplitting blasting, coal seam drilling pressure relief, and strengthening support.

The current development of China’s convention and exhibition economy is showing a new normal, under the background of the rapid development of information technology and the era of experience economy, the transformation and upgrading of the convention and exhibition industry will inevitably develop in the direction of informatization and intelligence, that is “smart exhibition”. This article takes the theoretical research related to the development status of smart exhibition as the starting point, studies and analyzes the connotation, elements and structure of smart exhibition, discusses the basic framework of smart exhibition, reveals the operation mechanism of smart exhibition, and forms some basic viewpoints and theories about smart exhibition.

Gob-side entry retaining is a common method in underground coal mining. Conventional gob-side entry retaining (CGER) always causes stress concentration and large deformation around roadways under the condition of thick and hard sandstone roofs. Thus, an innovative method of no pillar gob-side entry retaining (NPGER) in longwall mining is proposed in this paper. First, a physical model was established to explore the mechanism of the new method. The modeling results indicate that the progressive caving of the strata in the middle of the stope is consistent with CGER. The major difference between NPGER and CGER is that CGER collapsed with a structure of a long arm beam, but NPGER collapsed with a structure of a short arm beam near the roadway. In the end, a new roadway with a gangue rib was formed when the immediate roof and main roof slipped along the pre-cutting plane. Subsequently, the numerical simulation software Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) was adopted to establish the numerical model of the 8501 working face in Tangshangou coal mine. The NPGER process is simulated. The evolution of the roof structure and stress characteristics were clearly demonstrated. The results showed that the roof structure noticeably changed from a long beam to a short beam after roof fracturing. The retained roadway was under low stress conditions, and the stress was transferred to the deep rock. In the end, the NPGER method was applied in the field, and the results showed that the retained roadway could meet the requirements of the next working face, which may provide guidance for longwall mining with thick and hard roofs.

Although hemoporfin photodynamic therapy is a promising treatment approach for port-wine stains, its efficacy in children has not been sufficiently assessed. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this approach in a paediatric population.We retrospectively analysed the medical records of 439 children with port-wine stains receiving hemoporfin photodynamic therapy at our institution from July 2017 to January 2020. They received intravenous hemoporfin (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, 5 mg/kg), followed by lesion irradiation with a 532-nm green LED light for 20-25 min. The stains' blanching degree and occurrence of adverse events were registered.Overall, 95.2% of patients showed an 'effective response' (20% fading) and 74.3% showed almost-complete resolution and great improvement (≥60% fading). Red and pink lesions showed better response than purple lesions (P 0.05). Neck and facial lesions showed better response than the trunk and extremity lesions (P 0.05). The response of the patients to the PDT showed a cumulative effect of the treatment session. No photosensitivity or systemic adverse reactions were observed. Transient local adverse effects included swelling, purpura, crusts, and pigmentation, which resolved without treatment. Only 2% of children had permanent scars, likely related to scratching crusts.Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy was well tolerated and effective in paediatric Chinese patients with port-wine stains. It could be recommended as the first choice, over pulsed-dye laser therapy, for treating port-wine stains, particularly for large lesions. This should be evaluated in direct clinical trials.

Semi-solid processing (SSP), including rheoforming and thixoforming, offers a promising opportunity to manufacture net-shaped parts with complex structure and excellent mechanical properties. Owing to its low cost and short process, rheoforming has been the subject of extensive study over the last two decades. The interest in the rheoforming of wrought aluminum alloys is progressively growing among both the research and industrial communities. This review starts with reviewing the recent efforts and advances on preparation of semi-solid slurry of wrought Al alloys, followed by discussing the correlation between microstructure and performance of these alloys. Finally, special attention is paid in the industrial application and the future trends of rheoforming of wrought aluminum alloys.

Background Anemia and frailty contribute to poor health outcomes in older adults; however, most current research in lower income countries has concentrated on anemia or frailty alone rather than in combination. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between anemia and frailty in community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older in China. Methods The study population was sourced from the 2007/10 SAGE China Wave 1. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin less than 13 g/dL for men and less than 12 g/dL for women. A Frailty Index (FI) was compiled to assess frailty. The association between anemia and frailty was evaluated using a 2-level hierarchical logistic model. Results The prevalence of anemia was 31.0% (95%CI: 28.4, 33.8%) and frailty 14.7% (95%CI: 13.5, 16.0%). In the univariate regression model, presence of anemia was significantly associated with frailty (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.90) and the effect remained consistent after adjusting for various potential confounding factors including age, gender, residence, education, household wealth, fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco use, alcohol comsumption and physical activity (adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI:1.09, 1.57). Each 1 g/dL increase in hemoglobin concentration was associated with 4% decrease in the odds of frailty after adjusting for several confounding variables (adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). Conclusion Anemia and low hemoglobin concentrations were significantly associated with frailty. Therefore, health care professionals caring for older adults should increase screening, assessment of causes and treatment of anemia as one method of avoiding, delaying or even reversing frailty.

This paper proposed a falling detection system based on MPU6500 senor, this system uses the method of combining hardware and mobile phone APP, the hardware bases on STM8 chip, using MPU6500 gathering human three-axis attitude angle and three-axis acceleration motion, after Kalman filtering for Euler angle and four-element method are used to calculate the human body posture angle. If the discrimination exceeds the set threshold value, turn into the discriminant of based on the characteristics acceleration vector of the SVM. The discrimination can be filtered non-falling state, achieve the purpose of accurate identification and alarm. Software supports data retrieval and improvement. Experimental results verify that the algorithm accuracy reaching 97% and have high accuracy and stability.

Selective laser melting (SLM) has been successful in fabricating advanced engineering parts with high geometrical complexities. However, some metals or alloys with high strength, low weldability, and large freezing range, such as 7075 aluminium alloy, have low SLM-processability and are hard to be directly SLM-fabricated. Here, we proposed a novel strategy, combining substrate modification and inoculation treatment, to fabricate a crack-free and dense high-strength 7075 alloy using SLM at a broad processing window. Inoculation of the 7075 alloy powder with 1 wt% Ti submicron particles substantially refine the Al grains, effectively increasing the cracking resistance. Furthermore, the SLM substrate was modified, which allows integration of thermal insulation materials, such as vermiculite, to the substrate. As a result, the melt pool cooling rate and thermal gradient during solidification were significantly reduced. This directly led to a reduction in thermal stress within the melt pool. With combination of the substrate modification and Ti inoculation, crack-free, fine-equiaxed microstructure was obtained in the SLM-fabricated 7075 alloy that has the mechanical properties comparable to its wrought counterpart. This strategy can be implemented to SLM of other engineering alloys with low AM processability, providing a foundation for broadening industrial applications of SLM.

Objective To describe a novel approach, 3D printing guiding stent graft fenestration, for fenestration during endovascular aneurysm repair for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods A 69-year-old male with juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent endovascular aneurysm repair with “off the label” fenestrated stent graft. To precisely locate the fenestration position, we reconstructed a 3D digital abdominal aortic aneurysm model and created a skin template covering this abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Then the skin template was physically printed and the position of the visceral vessel was hollowed out, thereby helping in locating the fenestration on stent graft. Results and conclusions With the help of this 3D printed skin template, we fenestrated the stent graft accurately and rebuilt the bilateral renal artery successfully. This is the first clinical case that used 3D printing guiding stent graft fenestration, which is a novel approach for precise fenestration on stent graft on the table during endovascular aneurysm repair.

Resistant hypertension is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is impaired in patients with hypertension and an independent predictor of cardiac mortality. However, there are no published data on CFR in the subset of treatment-resistant hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess CFR in patients with resistant hypertension. Twenty-five consecutive patients with primary resistant hypertension, scheduled for renal denervation, 25 matched patients with controlled hypertension, and 25 healthy controls underwent transthoracic colour Doppler echocardiography at rest and during adenosine infusion. Patients with hypertension were pair-matched with regard to age, sex, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and body-mass index. Healthy controls were selected according to age and sex. Mean flow velocity was measured in the left coronary anterior descending artery. Baseline mean flow velocities were similar in patients with controlled and resistant hypertension. CFR was significantly lower in patients with resistant hypertension as compared to individuals with non-resistant hypertension (2.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.1 ± 0.8; p = 0.03). Systolic office blood pressure was significantly higher in patients with resistant hypertension (169 ± 20 vs. 144 ± 21 mm Hg; p

Stress as an important parameter of thin films can seriously affect on the properties, performance and long-term stability of the films. Here, we propose a semiquantitative method based on Raman spectroscopy for the stress measurement on nonstoichiometric ceria oxide films. The “chemical strain” of lattice caused by oxygen deficits was a main obstacle factor for the stress measurement of CeO 2−δ films, which was overcome through the calibration of lattice vibration peaks by the normalized intensity of Ce 3+ ions in Raman spectra. A compressive stress about −1.38 ∼ −1.50 GPa was obtained on an oxidated Ce film, which was verified by the substrate-curvature method. Based on the proposed method, Raman spectroscopy could be expanded to wider application fields as an in-situ stress measurement tool, such as in the fields of oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolytes, oxidation film of alloys, microelectronics and MEMS devices, etc.

In order to solve the current network limitations and human-computer interaction limitations of relay protection and automation in power systems, an intelligent operation and maintenance management platform for electrical secondary equipment based on mobile sensing and big data is proposed. First, the existing problems in the standardization operation and data integration in the relay protection work at this stage are explained, and the significance of the construction of this platform is pointed out. Then the application modes of mobile sensing technology and big data technology in power system is analyzed, proposing the system architecture and functional architecture of the system, and the interaction mode between the mobile terminal and the master station in the system is explained. Finally, the specific functions of the system's standardized operation process and intelligent operation inspection are explained, and the effects of the intelligent operation and maintenance control of the secondary equipment under the original mode and the new mode are compared.

Acute pancreatitis is characterized by zymogen preactivation. Severe inflammation caused by zymogen activation can eventually lead to multiple organ dysfunctions which contribute to the high mortality rate of severe acute pancreatitis. However, there is no specific treatment available for acute pancreatitis therapy. Here, we show that spautin-1, which effectively inhibits autophagy flux, ameliorated the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein or L-arginine. CaMKII phosphorylation due to cytosolic calcium overload was revealed in this paper. It was also demonstrated that autophagic protein aggregates degradation blockade accompanied by impaired autophagy correlated positively with intra-acinar cell digestive aymogen activation stimulated by cerulein or L-arginine. The role of spautin-1 in ameliorating acute pancreatitis was shown here to be associated with impaired autophagy inhibition and Ca2+ overload alleviation. We provide a promising therapy for acute pancreatitis through targeting both impaired autophagy and increased cytosolic calcium.

Raman imaging has a great advantage in characterizing inhomogeneous systems. A practical wide-field Raman imaging platform is developed that shows major improvements on imaging speed, sensitivity, and resolution. Different from the traditional Raman imaging systems using the wavelength-fixed lasers and the chromatic dispersion devices, this system adopts an inverted architecture, integrated with a tunable laser and the wavelength-fixed filters. Owing to the high transmission of the fixed filters, the imaging sensitivity can be improved 5-10 times in comparison to the present wide-field Raman imaging setups using liquid-crystal tunable filters. Via combining with the high-power tunable laser, Raman images could be obtained in minutes and the Raman shift of the images could be tuned easily and accurately. The resolution of this system can reach 1.5 cm-1 in the spectrum and 490 nm in space, which could provide more fingerprint details of the analytes. This effective Raman imaging method allowing us to see chemical spatial variations on microscale is anticipated to be widely applied in scientific research fields.

Importance: Post-intubation subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children can be life threatening. Definitive treatment varies and lacks a universally accepted approach. Objective: We performed a prospective study to assess the safety and feasibility of holmium laser combined with cryotherapy delivered via flexible bronchoscopy for the treatment of post-intubation SGS in children. Methods: This study involved all patients with post-intubation SGS seen at the Interventional Pulmonology Department of Beijing Children's Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. Holmium laser treatment and cryotherapy was then performed under flexible bronchoscopy, whose parents refused to accept the alternative standard treatment of tracheotomy and balloon dilation under direct laryngoscopy. Results: Sixteen patients with post-intubation SGS were included in this study. Ages ranged from 2 months to 12.25 years old. According to the Cotton-Myer grading system, three cases were Grade II, 12 cases were Grade III, and one case was Grade IV. According to the McCaffrey system, eight cases were Stage 1, two cases were Stage 2, and six cases were Stage 3. The average number of procedures was 4.88. Fifteen of the 16 patients achieved clinical cure. One patient achieved clinical improvement. The average treatment course duration was 55.31 days. No severe complications were seen. Post-treatment clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and quality of life showed marked improvement. Interpretation: Our study supports the conclusion that holmium laser treatment combined with cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy appears to be a safe and feasible treatment for post-intubation SGS in children. Key words: Subglottic stenosis; Flexible bronchoscopy; Holmium laser; Cryotherapy; Children

Objective To report our observations from a trial of the effectiveness and safety of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) in treating Chinese Pediatric patients port-wine stains (PWS). Method From October 2017 to December 2017, the study recruited 82 patients of PWS with negative HMME skin test results. The patients received an intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg HMME and the affected areas were exposed to 532 nm LED green light, with the irradiation power density between 80–85 mW/cm2. Each light spot was irradiated for 20–25 min. After two treatments, the clinical efficacy and posttreatment reactions at each treated area were observed. Result The patient age between 1 and 14 years old. 24 of the 82 cases were cured (29.27%) after two HMME-PDT treatment, 34 cases indicates a good efficacy (41.46%), 16 cases showed alleviation (19.51%), while 8 cases displayed no efficacy (9.76%). Pain was observed during treatment, and post-treatment edema was observed at the treated areas. No other obvious systematic adverse reaction were reported. Conclusion HMME-PDT is an effective and safe treatment for pediatric patients with PWS.

The primary health care system (PHCS) is the portal and basis for the national health delivery system. There are a number of elements which comprise the PHCS, but the system cannot be established and developed without the support of “three essential elements,” including general practitioners (GPs), health insurance, and government health investment. Through comparative analysis of the “three essential elements” of the PHCS between California in the US and Guangdong in China, this article indicates that there are three important aspects in developing a PHCS in China, as follows: training qualified GPs; establishing a diversified health insurance system to strengthen the policy connections between health insurance and the PHCS thereby increasing government health investment; and broadening health financing channels.

Aim This study examined the incidence of hospitalization and its associated factors in patients with first-episode psychosis in Hong Kong. Method From 2009 to 2011, 360 patients were recruited consecutively as part of a controlled study of an early psychosis intervention service (the Jockey Club Early Psychosis project) in Hong Kong. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from face-to-face interviews and was reconfirmed using medical records. Factors relating to hospitalization during first episode were explored. Results The incidence of hospitalization during first-episode psychosis was 57.2%. Patients who were hospitalized had higher antipsychotics chlorpromazine equivalent dosage, higher positive and negative syndrome scale total score, higher Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser others mean score and were more likely to have an acute mode of onset compared with those who were not hospitalized. Conclusions Hospitalization was common in first-episode psychosis. Future studies are needed to explore possible programmes to prevent hospitalization in patients with first-episode psychosis.

The interaction between CO2 laser and polyformaldehyde (POM) is quite important in the research of laser irradiation effects and mechanisms. At this time, the accuracy of the existing mass-ablation models for POM irradiated by CO2 laser is poor compared with the experimental data. Based on the energy distribution deposited in the POM target, the active area excited by laser is divided into four slices, the ablation slice (the temperature-rising slice, the perturbation slice, and the undisturbed slice), and a slicing response model for the mass ablation of POM induced by pulsed CO2 laser irradiation in vacuum is developed. A formula is deduced to predict the ablated mass areal density from the model and is verified with data from several studies and our own experiments. The results show that our model fits the experimental data quite well before the shielding effect of ablation products becomes notable. The applicability of the model to other materials and the mass ablation in atmosphere are also briefly explored.

If a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) were to penetrate into a distributed generation system successfully, it should be able to adapt to autonomous and unbalanced conditions. To dealing with this situation, an indirect stator flux orientation (ISFO) control strategy with the droop method is introduced to cope with the positive sequence components of DFIG and provide the system with a solid voltage and frequency support. Meanwhile, a negative sequence droop is also proposed for DFIG so as to achieve a reasonable sharing of unbalanced loads and ensure the power supply quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the correctness of the suggested control strategy under autonomous and unbalanced conditions when DFIG is connected in parallel with a converter.

Wind energy is clean and renewable energy with rich resources. As one of the most promising green energy, wind power has become an important part of the electricity supply. But there are still many technical problems to be solved related to wind power generation and integration, because it may have significant impact on safe and stable operation of the power grid. Therefore, the doubly-fed wind generator and direct-driven permanent-magnet wind power generator are studied. Their models are built in PSCAD/EMTDC for electromagnetic transient simulation, in order to study the characteristics of their short circuit fault current, as well as the impact on the relay protection of the wind power system. The research outcomes provide a reference and basis to wind power failure characteristics research.

A power network disturbance identification system (PNDIS) was developed as a new function module of wide-area security defense system (WASDS), which has been commissioned in the dispatching center of a real power system. This paper describes the implementation of its software platform which consists of three parts: data sharing service, calculation engine and visualization module. The paper focuses on the design of the calculation engine, which is the key part of the platform, and the visualization module. Wavelet transform (WT) is used to identify the time and location of disturbance in the power system. Tests on measured data recorded by WAMS are presented in order to illustrate the benefits of the software platform and show its excellent performance.

Wide-area power system stabilizer (WPSS) is one of the most potentially effective approaches to damp interarea low frequency oscillations in power systems. When WPSS is implemented in a real project, emphasis should be put on feedback signal delay problem. In order to intensively study the delay of phasor measurement unit data, field tests have been carried out in Guizhou power grid (GZPG), and results show that, in the long-term, the delay might change remarkably under some circumstances, such as when route switches or communication load increases. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive time delay compensation method to deal with such kind of delay. Bounded random delay is divided into several intervals and compensators are designed for each delay interval. Then appropriate compensators will be selected according to the delay measured online, based on the switching rules that is also demonstrated in this paper. The delay used here is the average delay before the compensator switching. The proposed compensator is demonstrated in a two area power system. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed adaptive compensator. A comparison with conventional methods is also presented. Finally, the proposed method is validated on GZPG based on real-time digital simulations.

The topology evolution is a significant characteristic of a network. However, its long-term effect on blackouts in the power grid is rarely analyzed in the simulation of cascading failures. Therefore, in this paper, a topology evolution model of the power grid is proposed to investigate the correlation between topology evolution and large blackout. The model is built by integrating topology evolution into the OPA model proposed by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Power System Engineering Research Center of Wisconsin University (PSERC) and Alaska University (Alaska). Three topological parameters are employed to quantify the topology characteristics in the evolution. Simulation results show that the probability of large blackouts in a power grid can be reduced by separately changing any one of these topological parameters. But in most cases, the variation of one topological parameter may cause simultaneous deviations on the other two, which might have opposite effects on the probability distribution of blackout. Also, in realistic power systems, the topology varies with the construction of transmission lines. Simulation results indicate that it is better to link a new bus, e.g. a substation or a power plant, with a low-degree bus than a high-degree bus, in order to mitigate the risk of large-scale blackout, but it is not to link the new bus to the one with the lowest degree.

Online region reactive power optimization is used to reduce power bus voltage operation over limit and reduce net loss for the economy to ensure that the power grid of great significance. SVG graphics file is a standard file format used by our dispatching operation, analysis file and basic information within the file corresponds to reactive power optimization system can guarantee the system reactive power optimization of interactive graphics capability and versatility. In this paper, we design and development of a SVG graphics file parsing tool that can automatically complete the import SVG, structural analysis, and text parsing; graphics and connectivity analysis to ensure the accuracy of the topology; the module contains a custom chart for human-computer interaction element, Element Properties and topological analysis and dynamic trend function, to meet human-computer interaction and reactive power optimization computing needs. This module has been applied to a region with reactive power optimization system, with good results.

An improved small-disturbance model of the doubly-fed wind generator is proposed in this paper. In comparison to traditional small-disturbance models, the proposed model comprehensively considers the mechanical rotation of the wind turbine, the shaft transmission in the gear box, the electromagnetic characteristics of the induction generator, as well as the control strategy for both rotor and stator, so that it is able to precisely describe the oscillation mode of the wind generator that is integrated into the power grid. In case studies, simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed model, and different control strategies are applied to the doubly-fed wind generator to investigate their influences on its oscillation mode.

Based on the traditional single power control of the doubly-fed wind generator, this paper proposes an active/reactive power hybrid control method of the doubly-fed wind generator, which associates the operation characteristics of the doubly-fed wind generator with the operating conditions of the power grid. This proposed method incorporates the power variation in the system transmission channel into the calculation of the wind generator power output, and employs the additional control function of the wind generator to increase system damping and restrain system power oscillation. At the same time, the proposed method controls the wind generator to capture the maximum wind power when it is operating at a variable speed with a constant frequency. Moreover, because the proposed method decouples the control of active and reactive power, the converter capacity can be reduced. Simulations in a 9-generator 13-bus system and results indicate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

In the oil field development and production, fluid flow is an extremely important parameter which determines the transmission characteristics of the oil production, real-time monitoring of fluid flow parameter provides a scientific basis for oil and gas optimization exploration and increase of reservoir recovery. A method for interrogating fiber optic sensors using flow-induced pipe vibration is proposed, then the fixed relationship between standard deviation of pipe wall’s vibration induced by fully developed turbulence and mean flow rate is determined, by the abundant experimental data analysis,The vibration frequency characteristic of the pipe’s vibration signals is found in the experimental system.and fluid flow is measured non-intrusively, the study is conducted on vibration induced by turbulent flow when fluid flow through pipe.

In the oil field development and production, fluid flow is an extremely important parameter which determines the transmission characteristics of the oil production, real-time monitoring of fluid flow parameter provides a scientific basis for oil and gas optimization exploration and increase of reservoir recovery. A method for interrogating fiber optic sensors using flow-induced pipe vibration is proposed, then the fixed relationship between standard deviation of pipe wall’s vibration induced by fully developed turbulence and mean flow rate is determined.The advantage of this method is applicable to small flow measurement with non-intrusively.

The pipe-soil interaction problem is a critical issue in the fatigue analysis of SCR. In this paper, investigation on the initial trench configuration in the touchdown zone (TDZ) of the steel catenary riser (SCR) and factors, which have influence on the trench configuration, such as the amplitude of top end motion were performed firstly. Then the bending moment variation at different points along the trench during the pull up and lay down, the trenches and dynamic response at the touchdown point (TDP) under different soil properties were also investigated. It should be noted that the pipe around the TDZ especially at the TDP, which bears the most drastic bending moment variation and stress variation, is the hot spot in the fatigue analysis of SCR, and the soil properties have big influence on the dynamic stress response amplitude.

Polyoxymethylene (POM) decomposes gradually as it is heated up by the irradiation of COsub2/sublaser; the long-chain molecules of POM are broken into short chains, which leads to the lowering of the melting point and the critical temperature of the ablation products. When the product temperature is above the melting point, ablation comes up in the way of vaporization; when the product temperature is higher than the critical temperature, all liquid products are transformed into gas instantly and the ablation mechanism is changed. The laser fluence at which significant ablation is observed is defined as the ablation threshold, and the fluence corresponding to the ablation mechanism changing is denoted as the flyover threshold. In this paper, random pyrolysis is adopted to describe the pyrolytic decomposition of POM, and consequently, the components of the pyrolysis products under different pyrolysis rates are acquired. The Group Contribution method is used to count the thermodynamic properties of the pyrolysis products, and the melting point and the critical temperature of the product mixture are obtained by the Mixing Law. The Knudsen layer relationship is employed to evaluate the ablation mass removal when the product temperature is below the critical temperature. The gas dynamics conservation laws associated with the Jouguet condition are used to calculate the mass removal when the product temperature is higher than the critical temperature. Based on the model, a set of simulations for various laser intensities and lengths are carried out to generalize the relationships between the thresholds and the laser parameters. Besides the ablated mass areal density, which fits the experimental data quite well, the ablation temperature, pyrolysis rate, and product components are also discussed for a better understanding of the ablation mechanism of POM.

GaAs are one of the most important semiconductor followed silicon, GaAs wafers are the mostly used substrates for fabricating integrated circuits (ICs). So the quality of ICs depends directly on the quality of GaAs wafers. A series of processes are required to manufacture high quality GaAs wafers. This paper reviews the literature on polishing technology of GaAs wafers, covering the history, summarizes the effects of slurry’s chemical and physical characters such as pH, oxidants, abrasive grit, velocity, and temperature in the polishing process. It also discusses some possible topics for future research.

Millions of electric vehicles (EVs), especially plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs), will be integrated into the power grid in the near future. Due to their large quantity and complex charging behavior, the impact of substantial PHEVs charging on the power grid needs to be investigated. Since the charging behavior of PHEVs in a certain regional transmission network or a local distribution network is determined by different uncertain factors, their overall charging demand tends to be uncertain and in this situation probabilistic power flow (PPF) can be applied to analyze the impact of PHEVs charging on the power grid. However, currently there is no suitable model of the overall charging demand of PHEVs available for PPF calculations. In this paper, a methodology of modeling the overall charging demand of PHEVs is proposed. The proposed methodology establishes a single PHEV charging demand model, and then employs queuing theory to describe the behavior of multiple PHEVs. Moreover, two applications are given, i.e., modeling the overall charging demand of PHEVs at an EV charging station and in a local residential community, respectively. Comparison between PPF calculations and Monte Carlo simulation are made on a modified IEEE 30-bus system integrated with the two demand models proposed.