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The manned Mars exploration mission is an important application for the future use of heavy launch vehicle. With largger scale and more system, its launch site planning design and construction are difficult. Launch vehicle overall design, launch site planning design and test launch mode are considered as a whole of feedback iteration. For the huge system engineering of manned Mars exploration, the design of the launch site is mainly affected by the mission scale, launch vehicle overall design and test launch mode. Analysis of factors such as mission scale and window cycle, more than two heavy launch vehicle launch pads are needed for the manned Mars exploration mission. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the multi-pad construction. According to the preliminary genera parameters of heavy launch vehicle and the climate characteristics of Wenchang launch site, analysis the test launch mode that suitable for China’s heavy launch vehicle. And then, the horizontal planning and the vertical plannig method are suggestted for heavy launch vehicle launch site. Thereby achieving technically feasible, safe reliable and cost controllable purposes. Provid ideas and methods for China’s future large-scale space mission launch site planning.

With the development of network and information technology, it is highly desirable to create 3D geoscience applications in the network environment. However, construction of web-based 3D terrain model is one of the foundation works of 3D geoscience applications in the network environment. This paper presents a new method of constructing large-scale 3D terrain model based on Extensible 3D (X3D). In this way, we first use Geospatial components of X3D to build 3D terrain model by using DEM as the data source, then we publish the 3D terrain model to the internet with a architecture of Brower/Server and plug-in technology. To promote the display performance of large-scale 3D terrain model, We presents an approach that using the Level of Detail (LOD) technology to simplify the 3D terrain model. The application results show that the method this paper presented has advantage of easy to integrate with other network system, thereby easy to realize data sharing and interoperation; the method also has virtues of fast display speed, high ability of interaction. It’s an effective method for constructing large-scale 3D terrain model in network environment.

STUDY DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To perform a psychometric evaluation of Simplified Chinese versions of back pain beliefs questionnaires for use in health care professionals living in mainland China. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Back pain beliefs are of importance in the development of chronic low back pain (LBP) and disability. Different types of beliefs exist with regard to LBP and these include inevitable consequences of LBP and fear-avoidance beliefs. LBP beliefs held by health care providers are also known to influence their patients' pain beliefs and can contribute to the development of chronic LBP and disability. At present, validated questionnaires such as the Back Beliefs Questionnaire, Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale, and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire are commonly used to investigate back pain beliefs held by health care professionals working in western countries. There are no published nor validated Simplified Chinese versions to allow investigation of back pain beliefs in health care professionals living in mainland China. METHODS The English versions of the earlier mentioned questionnaires were translated and culturally adapted into Simplified Chinese using the double-back-translation method. A psychometric evaluation of the translated questionnaires was conducted on 65 health care professionals (rehabilitation medicine specialists, osteopaths, and nurses), with and without LBP, practicing in Shanghai, China. The questionnaires were completed twice within 7- to 10-day period. RESULTS The Back Beliefs Questionnaire, Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale, and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (work and physical subscales) had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α range: 0.70-0.87) and construct validity (r = 0.40-0.49, P < 0.05), good reproducibility (Intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC(2,1) range: 0.85-0.93) and an absence of any floor or ceiling effects. CONCLUSION This study showed that the Simplified Chinese versions of back pain beliefs questionnaires are valid and reliable. Therefore, these questionnaires can be used in research involving Chinese health care professionals living in mainland China.

The current recommended therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD) is the combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin. However, the role of corticosteroid therapy in KD remains controversial. Using meta-analysis, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in KD by comparing it with standard IVIG and aspirin therapy. We included all related randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials by searching Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Pub Med, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Japanese database (Japan Science and Technology) as well as hand searches of selected references. Data collection and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of corticosteroids. Our search yielded 11 studies; 7 of which evaluated the effect of corticosteroid for primary therapy in KD, and 4 investigated the effect of corticosteroid therapy in IVIG-resistant patients. Meta-analysis of these studies revealed a significant reduction in the rates of initial treatment failure among patients who received corticosteroid therapy in combination with IVIG compared to IVIG alone (odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32~0.79; p = 0.003). Furthermore, the use of corticosteroids reduced the duration of fever and the time required for C-reactive protein to return to normal. Our data did not show any significant increase in the incidence of coronary artery lesions or coronary aneurysms (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.35~1.28; p = 0.23) in the corticosteroid group. Conclusion. Corticosteroid combined with IVIG in primary treatment or as treatment of IVIG-resistant patients improved clinical course without increasing coronary artery lesions in children with acute KD.