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У дослідженні були вивчені особливості змін факторів агресії та захисту у вмісті шлункового соку в 91 пацiєнта iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ) у поєднанні з дисфункцією сфінктера Одді. Визначали рН, концентрацію пепсину, глікопротеїнів, жовчних кислот, сіалових кислот, фукози, гексозамінів, рівень метаболітів оксиду азоту. Встановлено, що підвищення рівня метаболітів оксиду азоту та жовчних кислот у шлунковому соку призводить до посилення запальних процесів у слизовій оболонці шлунка незалежно від функціонального стану сфінктера Одді. Збільшення агресивних властивостей шлункового вмісту спостерігалось у пацієнтів із ГЕРХ як із гіпертонусом, так і гіпотонусом сфінктера Одді. Дефіцит та диспропорція факторів захисту в більшості хворих в усіх групах проявлялись у вигляді зменшення концентрації вуглеводних термінальних залишків глікопротеїнів відносно показників контрольної групи.

Background. Changes in the intestinal microbiome trigger the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adverse fluctuations in intestinal microbiota are associated with increased intestinal permeability, activation of mucosal and adaptive immunity, increase in production and intestinal absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The ratio of acetic, propionic, butyric acid is an important indicator of the integrity of the microbial community of the intestine. Thus, the study of the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids production represents a very appealing approach to increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms leading to NAFLD in children. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the fecal short-chain fatty acids (fSCFA) content and the colonic microbiota composition in children with NAFLD. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 102 children was provided in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology of the Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. According to the presence of obesity, transient elastography data and alanine aminotransferase levels the patients were divided into four groups: I group — children with simple hepatic steatosis (n = 24); II group — children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 14); III group — children with obesity without steatosis (n = 48), IV group — children with normal weight (n = 16). Chromatographic study of fSCFA was conducted using gas chromatograph Chromatec-Crystal 5000. The microorganisms were identified using a microbiological study of the colon content. Diagnosis of NAFLD was established with FibroScan 502 Touch (Echosens, France) with the determination of the controlled attenuation parameter. Results. Significant changes in the spectrum of fSCFA were observed in children of the III group with acetic acid content increased by 4.8 times (р

Candiduria is a common nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients, which may progress into life-threatening candidemia. Successful treatment of urosepsis requires early and effective antifungal therapy, while the available agents within three pharmacological classes each have characteristic pharmacokinetics and side effect profiles. Moreover, treatment of Candida spp. infections is becoming challenging due to increasing multi drug-resistance. Here, we present a case of candidemia resulting from a multi drug-resistant C. glabrata infection of the urinary tract. Due to resistance to fluconazole and a contraindication for amphotericin B, micafungin was used in the treatment, regardless of its unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Our study showed that despite the expected low levels in the urinary tract, micafungin was successful in the eradication of C. glabrata allowing full recovery of the patient. Thus, micafungin should be considered in the management of urosepsis caused by sensitive Candida spp.

The paper proposed the development of an approach to modeling the nature of the individual's illness based on the ensemble of machine learning algorithms. Some factors may adversely affect the conduct, interpretation and generalization of research results, and the understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon under study.

Fake news detection currently presents an active field of research. Detection methods based on natural language processing and machine learning are being developed to automatically identify the possible misinformation contained within the news articles. To successfully train these models, annotated data are needed. In English language, multiple human-annotated datasets already are available and are being widely used in the research. The main objective of the work presented in this paper, was to create similar dataset consisting of articles in Slovak language. We collected the data from the various local news portals including reputable publishers as well as suspicious conspiratory portals. To obtain the annotations, we used crowdsourcing approach. Annotated dataset was used in preliminary experiments, in which neural network classifier was trained and evaluated.

Aims To determine the diagnostic accordance between histopathological and direct immunofluorescence diagnosis of patients with autoimmune vesiculobullous skin diseases. Background The term pemphigus refers to a group of autoimmune blistering diseases mediated by auto-antibodies directed against desmoglein proteins. The differentiation between the various bullous diseases is important for treatment and prognosis. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy is still the gold standard in differentiating these diseases. Methods Patients with clinical diagnosis of vesiculobullous dermatitis from pemphigus group were included in the study. We retrospectively analyzed histopathologic and direct immunofluorescence results from skin or mucosal samples over 15-year period. Results 81 patients were included. The accordance was good in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus herpetiformis, but low in pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus erythematosus. No accordance was in Hailey-Hailey disease and Grover´s disease. Uncommon result in our analysis included: intraepidermal IgG and IgM depositions at DIF in one Grover´s disease patient. Conclusion Our results confirmed the relevance of direct immunofluorescence assays as a necessary diagnostic method for the definitive diagnosis of autoimmune blistering disease in the case, where the clinical feature and the results of histopathology are not clear (Tab. 4, Fig. 5, Ref. 26).

The directions of prophylaxis of perinatal losses in syphilis have been defined on the ground of medical-statistical analysis of clinical and epidemiological indications of cases record of 712 pregnant women with syphilis who have been on treatment in Lviv communal regional dermato-venerologic dispensary No. 1 and gave birth in Lviv region obstetrical institutions in 2011–2015. Prophylaxis of obstetrical and perinatal complications in the cases of syphilis is the improvement of diagnostic-treatment work in the pregnants with syphilis and early diagnostics in I trimester and timely treatment of pregnants in the term of diagnostics especially in women with country location. It is necessary for medical personal of the primary ambulatory care, obstetrician-gynecologists and family doctors to carry out sanitary educational work among population, especially young people in educational institutions and teenagers, with the aim of explanation healthy way of life, prevention of syphilis and other sexual-transmitted infections, and their social adaptation and sexual upbringing.

[Author Affiliation]Adela Corejova. 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.Daniela Janosikova. 2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Trnava University, Slovak Republic.Veronika Pospisilova. 3 Autism Centre Andreas, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.Drahomira Rauova. 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. 5 Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.Jan Kyselovic. 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.Anna Hrabovska. 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. 5 Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. 6 Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.*These authors participated equally in project supervision.Funding: This work was financially supported by The Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic (VEGA) grant 1/1139/12, the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV) grant SK-FR-0048-11, and the European Regional Development Fund, Research and Development Operational Program Grant to the Centre of Excellence for Glycomics, ITMS 26240120031.Address correspondence to: Anna Hrabovska, PharmD, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava 3, Slovak Republic, E-mail: anna.hrabovska@gmail.comTo The Editor:Nocturnal enuresis, incontinence in discrete episodes while asleep, is one of the most common disorders among children (Neveus et al. 2006). It is a multifactorial disorder. Several risk factors have been described so far, including developmental delay, as well as genetic and psychosocial factors (Butler 2004; Caldwell et al. 2005). Clinical categorization distinguishes monosymptomatic enuresis, which is usually linked to the abnormal nocturnal vasopressin release or polyuria, and non-monosymptomatic enuresis caused by bladder dysfunction or overactivity (Butler 2004; Deshpande and Caldwell 2012; Naseri and Hiradfar 2012).Children with developmental delay and other neurological disorders often develop nocturnal enuresis (Jarvelin 1989; Simonoff et al. 2008; Zhao et al. 2009; Gor et al. 2012; Nappo 2012). The treatment of enuresis in these patients is more difficult because of psychological and behavioral changes. Pharmacological intervention using desmopressin and anticholinergic drugs is questionable, because of the mixed outcomes from the treatment (Naitoh et al. 2005; Yucel et al. 2011; Gor et al. 2012), as well as severe side effects (Muller et al. 2004; Gish et al. 2009; Friedman et al. 2011).Here, we report a case of disappearance of nocturnal enuresis in an 18-year-old patient with childhood autism after oral application of a low dose of methylcobalamin. The patient was enrolled in the study to examine the effect of methylcobalamin on the psychobehavioral profile in patients with autism.Case ReportWe present the case of an 18-year-old male (J.N.) with the primary diagnosis childhood autism (F84.0, from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD], 10th revision, Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders) (World Health Organization [WHO] 2003). The assessment was conducted by a pediatric and adolescent clinical and educational psychologist, using objective diagnostic methods (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised [ADI-R] [Rutter et al. 2003] and Childhood Autism Rating Scale [2-CARS] [Schopler et al. …

Frozen-in trans and gauche conformational disorder of symmetrical difluorotetra-chloroethane (DFTCE) produces the tendency of this plastic crystal to form an orientational glassy state on cooling below Tg=86 K. To throw light upon the freezing mechanism in DFTCE neutron diffraction and Brillouin scattering as well as infrared and dielectric measurements are employed. The overall picture of the results obtained can be characterized in terms of a classical glass-transition process with a relaxation frequency obeying the Vogel-Fulcher law. However, a more sophisticated picture of the freezing process is indicated by a quantitative analysis of the new Brillouin data, e.g. the temperature dependence of the sound velocity. The behaviour could be understood on the basis of a mode-coupling theory.

Aims. Orthostatic stimuli are known to elicit changes in vasoactive peptide levels. The hypothesis of no difference in adrenomedullin and/or galanin levels in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope and healthy controls was tested in a passive 35-min head-up tilt test (HUTT). Methods. Twenty eight persons (14 patients and 14 healthy controls) were tested in a 35-min/60° head-up tilt test with telemetry monitoring. Three blood samples were evaluated for each person during the HUTT. Plasma levels of adrenomedullin and galanin were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test for all sampling periods. Vagal influence was indirectly assessed by the break index. Results. There were no significant differences between groups in median values for either adrenomedullin or galanin plasma levels (all 6 p-values were greater than 0.4). For adrenomedullin, no significant difference between groups was found. For galanin, the rate of change between the 1st and 2nd measurement was significantly greater for patients (P=0.04), regardless of HUTT result but between the 2 nd and 3 rd measurement it was insignificant (P=0.36). In the group of positive cases, the break index increased significantly (P=0.02). Conclusion. We confirmed that there is a different galanin secretion pattern during orthostatic provocation in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope than healthy individuals. For adrenomedullin, no significant difference was found. A significant increment of the break index confirmed increased vagal influence in the subgroup of positive cases.