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In order to remove N2 from low quality natural gas, a mathematical model has been established by Aspen adsorption, using the CH4-selective sorbent silicalite-1 pellets. The dynamic adsorption isotherm was first simulated by breakthrough simulation of a CH4/N2 mixture at different adsorption pressures and feed flow rates based on breakthrough experiments. The resulting simulated CH4 dynamic adsorption amounts were very close to the experimental data at three different adsorption pressures (100, 200, and 300 kPa). Moreover, a single-bed, three-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) experiment was performed, and the results were in good agreement with the simulated data, further corroborating the accuracy of the gas dynamic adsorption isotherm obtained by the simulation method. Finally, based on the simulated dynamic adsorption isotherm of CH4 and N2, a four-bed, eight-step PSA process has been designed, which enriched 75% (vol) CH4 and 80% (vol) CH4 to 95% (vol) and 99% (vol), and provided 99% (vol) recovery.

Purpose Fast-track surgery is a developing trend in medical care. It is a core challenge for clinical anesthesia to reasonably reduce the dosage of opioids and relieve postoperative pain. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a novel analgesic technique with such advantages as easy operation, good safety, and few side effects. Patients and methods In total, 60 patients aged 18 to 65 years who were diagnosed with lung cancer and scheduled for thoracoscopic resection were randomly assigned to receive SABP or local infiltration anesthesia. We analyzed the time within 48 hrs after operation to visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score of 4 or higher and the number of patients requiring additional analgesics at 6 hrs and 12 hrs after operation. Results The estimated median time to VAS ≥4 was 4 hrs (1.32 to 6.68) in the control group and 11 hrs (6.71 to 15.29) in the SAPB group (log-rank test: P=0.008). The number of patients requiring additional analgesics at 6- and 12 hrs after operation was significantly lower in the SAPB group than that in the control group (P Conclusion Compared with local infiltration, SAPB provided extended postoperative analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery with reduced consumption of additional analgesics in the early postoperative stage.

Background & Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis even cancer, antiviral therapy can reverse liver fibrosis with limited effect, thus we aimed to evaluate the effect of An-Luo-Hua-Xian pill (ALHX) on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with ETV.Methods: Treatment naïve patients with CHB from Oct 1st, 2013 to Dec 31st, 2020 were randomly treated with ETV alone or combined with ALHX (ETV+ALHX). Patients’ demographic, laboratory and liver histology data before and after 78 weeks of treatment were collected. Ishak fibrosis score (F) was used and fibrosis regression means F decreased ≥1 after treatment.Results: In total, 394 patients with a second liver biopsy after treatment were included in per-protocol population: 132 patients in ETV group and 262 patients in ETV+ALHX group. After 78 weeks of treatment, the fibrosis regression rate in the ETV+ALHX group were significantly higher than ETV group in baseline F≥3 patients: 124/211 (58.8%) verse 45/98 (45.9%), p=0.035. The degradation rate of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is also consistent with it: 154/262 (73.0%) in ETV+ALHX group and 60/132 (61.2%) in ETV group, p=0.037. Logistic regression analysis showed that combined with ALHX was related to fibrosis regression (OR=1.94, p=0.018), and family history of hepatocellular carcinoma was on the contrary (OR=0.41, p=0.031).Conclusions: ETV combined with ALHX can significantly increase liver fibrosis regression in CHB patients.

BACKGROUND Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion is associated with poorer outcomes. AIM To identify the factors that were associated with perioperative transfusion and to examine the impact of perioperative transfusion in patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. METHODS The United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was searched for patients with CRC who received surgery for liver metastasis. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 2018 patients were included, and 480 had a perioperative transfusion. Emergency admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.07-1.87), hepatic lobectomy (aOR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.42-2.19), and chronic anemia (aOR = 2.62; 95%CI: 2.04-3.35) were associated with increased chances of receiving a transfusion, but receiving surgery at a teaching hospital (aOR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.58-0.98) was associated with a decreased chance of receiving a transfusion. Receiving a perioperative transfusion was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality (aOR = 3.38; 95%CI: 1.57-7.25), and increased overall postoperative complications (aOR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.31-2.13), as well as longer length of hospital stay CONCLUSION Patients with an emergency admission, hepatic lobectomy, chronic anemia, and who have surgery at a non-teaching hospital are more likely to receive a perioperative transfusion. Patients with CRC undergoing surgery for hepatic metastases who receive a perioperative transfusion are at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications, and longer length of hospital stay.

Background Primary intraosseous cavernous hemangiomas (PICHs) of the skull are extremely rare. To date, diffuse cranial hemangioma of skull has not been reported. In cancer patients, it is often misdiagnosed as metastasis. Case presentation Here, we presented a case of a 50-year-old female patient suffering from slightly headache who received breast cancer modified radical mastectomy in 2004, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed abnormal lesions of diffuse skull which were misdiagnosed as skull metastasis, and the relevant literatures were also reviewed. Conclusions Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the skull is exceedingly rare, and imaging data are not typical. The condition is often misdiagnosed, and pathological evaluation is necessary and important. In cases where the mass cannot be completely removed by surgery, radiotherapy could be beneficial.

The impact of information technology on the education industry is revolutionary. Universities should improve the level of information technology, update concepts, and further improve the training capabilities of foreign students. Taking Dalian University of Technology as an example, this paper uses citespace software to visually analyze the training of Chinese students abroad, and analyzes the problems existing in the training of Chinese students abroad, and puts forward suggestions to further improve their training ability.

For the capture of CO2 from flue gas and decarbonization of natural gas streams, an ideal adsorbent should have a high selectivity for CO2 over N2 and CH4. In this work, through adjusting the proportions of extra-framework K+ and Cs+ cations and varying the Si/Al ratios of the zeolite ZK-5, the small “molecular gate” adsorbent ZK-5-n-K has been prepared. An increase in the number of K+ cations prevents the ingress of the larger molecules CH4 and N2, while allowing entry of the smaller CO2; the net result is that CO2 capture from CH4 or N2 is achieved with unusually high selectivity, of the order of 1 × 105. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations show that the extra-framework K+ and Cs+ cations are positioned at different locations in the ZK-5; K+ locates near the 8-ring window, whereas Cs+ resides in the interior regions. The separation performances of 12 different K+- and Cs+-doped ZK-5 structures (with four different Si/Al ratios of 3.17, 3.36, 3.46, and 3.57) have been investigated. Transient breakthrough simulations have been used to quantify the CO2 capture performances in four sets of separations: 30%/70%, 5%/95%, and 2%/98% CO2/CH4 mixtures at a total pressure of 1 MPa, and a 15%/85% CO2/N2 mixture at a total pressure of 100 kPa. In all cases, the selectivities were sufficiently high to ensure that the separation performance was primarily governed by the CO2 uptake capacity. The overall conclusion to be drawn from this work is that ZK-5 is a suitable adsorbent for the decarbonization of natural gas.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Leaf of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae), a wide used ethic-medicine in many Asia and Africa counties, has also been recorded as the common traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of illnesses in respiratory system by Dai people. Aim of the study To provide experimental data of clinical adaption of total indole alkaloids (TA) from leaf of A. scholaris for treating post-infectious cough in phase II clinical trial. Materials and methods To model post-infectious cough, all animals except control group were instilled intra-tracheal with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (80 μg/50 µL/mouse), followed by subsequent exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 30 min per day for a total of 30 days. Mice were orally given TA at dose of 10, 25, 50 mg/kg, and four main alkaloids (Sch: scholaricine, Epi: 19-epischolaricine, Val: vallesamine, Pic: picrinine) once daily. Cellular infiltration was assessed in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum was determined, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and homogenate were examined. Finally, histopathological examination in the lungs was assessed by H. E. staining. Results After administration of TA and four major alkaloids respectively, the symptoms of cough in mice were obviously attenuated. Total white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils (NEU) amounts in BALF were reduced obviously and the pathological damage of lung was also attenuated. There was also significant reduction in IL-6, CRP, MDA and a marked improvement in SOD. Conclusions The efficacy of indole alkaloids against post-infectious cough (PIC) was shown in the down-regulation of inflammatory cells, cytokines, and the balance of antioxidants. What's more, the pharmacological effects of TA were better than single indole alkaloid, which might be related to the synergic effect of four major alkaloids., Graphical abstract fx1

Given the increased risk of incident diabetes and the side effects on glycemic control with statin treatment, statin and ezetimibe combination therapy has been widely used. However, whether the same concern exists in ezetimibe remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the influence of ezetimibe treatment on glycemic control. Articles were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared the effects of ezetimibe with placebo, ezetimibe plus statin with the same statin, or low-dose stain plus ezetimibe with high-dose statin on FBG and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Of the 2440 articles retrieved, 16 RCTs were included. Ezetimibe did not cause side effects on FBG (WMD −0.62, 95% CI: −3.13 to 1.90) and HbA1c (WMD 0.07, 95% CI: −0.07 to 0.20%). No significant changes in FBG (WMD −1.78, 95% CI: −6.33 to 2.77%) and HbA1c (WMD −0.05, 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.05%) were observed in ezetimibe plus low-dose statin treatment compared with high-dose statin. According to subgroup analysis, in comparison with high-dose statin, ezetimibe plus low-dose statin taken for more than 3 months showed a significant decrease in FBG (WMD −7.12, 95% CI: −13.86 to −0.38%) compared with that taken for less than 3 months (WMD 0.90, 95% CI: −2.91 to 4.71%). Nevertheless, this difference was invalid when the study conducted by Dagli et al. was removed. Compared with high-dose statin therapy, ezetimibe with low-dose statin for more than 3 months may have a beneficial tendency of effects on glycemic control.

Natural gas purification by economic and low-energy adsorptive separation processes is important. However, as a difficult global problem, N2 removal from N2/CH4 mixtures is challenging because of their similar physical properties. In this study, the separation of N2/CH4 by Cr-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (MIL-100Cr, MIL-101Cr and TYUT-96Cr) with various open Cr site densities was studied. Gas sorption isotherms showed that TYUT-96Cr exhibited the highest N2/CH4 uptake ratio (13.67 at 0.01 bar and 298 K) of the selected Cr-MOFs, which was consistent with the highest density of Cr (III) sites. This material provided the highest CH4 productivity (0.716 mmol/cm3) per cycle for N2 removal from a 5:95 N2/CH4 mixture to produce 99.99% pure CH4, as shown by the breakthrough experiments. Pressure-swing adsorption simulations indicated that, by a two-bed six-step method, pristine 95% methane was enriched to 98.9% by TYUT-96Cr. The largest CH4 productivity, high breakthrough selectivity and thermal stability of TYUT-96Cr among the Cr-MOFs, made it a promising adsorbent in trace N2 removal for practical industrial application.

As a special policy area under China’s new normal economic background, the National New District plays a key role in the realization of economic and social development and green growth. This paper constructs an evaluation index system for green growth capacity from five aspects: government support capabilities, corporate green capabilities, NGO supervision and guidance, public participation capabilities, and park output benefits. Various methods are used to measure green growth capacities of these four National New Districts including the Jinpu, Pudong, Binhai, and Nansha. The results show that government support capability has the greatest impact on the green growth capacity of the state-level new district and Pudong has the largest green growth capacity, followed by Binhai, Nansha and Jinpu.

The role of the financial system, especially the credit market, in productivity enhancement has interested many researchers. However, how credit allocation affects firms’ productivity in emerging e...

Organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on multiple-site alloyed perovskite currently attract a surge of research interests owing to their extreme high solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, perovskite single crystals, proven to possess lower defect density, are highly anticipated to realize the full potential of perovskite materials. Herein, we for the first time proposes a facile and operable cooling-induced crystallization method to fabricate dual-site alloyed FA x MA 1−x Pb(I x Br 1−x ) 3 single microcrystals with tunable bandgaps, which will later be employed as encouraging precursors to form high quality perovskite films with extended grain sizes and less grain boundaries. The corresponding solar cells showcase advanced charge transport and retarded recombination, leading to satisfying photovoltaic performance and heartening device stability (a champion PCE of 18.3% and a satisfying maintenance of ~83% initial PCE after 2000 h aging without encapsulation), indicating a promising protocol of fabricating miscellaneous single microcrystal perovskite precursors for highly efficient PSCs.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant in China traditionally used to treat pulmonary diseases, including bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aim of the study To provide experimental data supporting clinical adaptation of total indole alkaloids ( TA) from A. scholaris leaves for treating emphysema. Materials and methods An emphysema model was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase followed by administration of TA and four main alkaloid components (scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine) for 30 consecutive days. Cytokine levels, histopathological parameters and protein expression in lung tissues were examined. Results Administering the TA, picrinine, scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine and vallesamine for 30 days effectively inhibited inflammatory cell accumulation and invasion in the lung tissue and relieved pulmonary tissue injury. Oxygen saturation was enhanced, and interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte-chemo attractive peptide 1, IL-11, matrix metalloproteinase-12, transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly reduced, likely by suppressing overactivation of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary fibrosis. The elastin content was markedly elevated, and fibronectin was reduced. Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased, and nuclear factor-κB and β-catenin levels were decreased. Conclusions TA can be potentially used as an effective novel drug for pulmonary emphysema and exerts its effects through not only inhibiting inflammation of the airway wall and airflow resistance but also promoting lung elastic recoil and protease/anti-protease balance.

COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in medical and infected domestic waste, greatly increasing risk of human infected with SARS-CoV-2. To control pandemic and restore social order, there is a great of importance to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from solid waste to humans. Here, we prepared a renewable wheat straw-based bio-liquid that can damage SARS-CoV-2 RNA and protein. The wet thermochemical extraction (WTE) bio-liquid, with total organic carbon concentration exceeding 1,892 mg/L, could effectively damage the virus. However, dry thermochemical extraction (DTE) samples were not efficient due to their low content of effective compounds. The life cycle assessment showed that WTE bio-liquid production implies lower energy and environmental impacts than DTE. Moreover, the process by-product, char, can simultaneously reduce 3.1 million tonnes of CO2 emissions while used as coal substitute. Yield of antiviral bio-liquid extremely exceed commercial disinfectant with just 1% wheat straw utilisation, which meet the demand of processing solid waste. Further, their costs are significantly lower than commercial disinfectant s. Therefore, the antiviral bio-liquid produced from agricultural straw can meet the needs of preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from solid waste to humans to control the epidemic and resume the sustainable development of society.

PurposeTo compare T2-weighted image (T2WI) and conventional Diffusion-weighted image (cDWI) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for sensitivity of qualitative diagnosis and accuracy of tumor size (TS) measurement in endometrial cancer (EC). Meanwhile, the effect of the lesion size itself and tumor grade on the ability of T2WI and cDWI of TS assessment was explored. Ultimately, the reason of deviation on size evaluation was studied.Materials and methods34 patients with EC were enrolled. They were all treated with radical hysterectomy and performed MR examinations before operation. Firstly, the sensitivity of T2WI alone and T2WI–DWI in qualitative diagnosis of EC were compared according to pathology. Secondly, TS on T2WI and cDWI described with longitudinal (LD) and horizontal diameter (HD) were compared to macroscopic surgical specimen (MSS) quantitatively in the entire lesions and the subgroup lesions which grouped by postoperative tumor size itself and tumor grade. Thirdly, the discrepancy of mean ADC values (ADC mean) and range ADC values (ADC range) between different zones of EC were explored.ResultsFor qualitative diagnosis, the sensitivity of T2WI–DWI (97%) was higher than T2WI alone (85%) (p = 0.046).For TS estimation, no significant difference (PLD = 0.579; PHD = 0.261) was observed between T2WI (LDT2WI = 3.90 cm; HDT2WI = 2.88 cm) and MSS (LD = 4.00 cm; HD = 3.06 cm), whereas TS of cDWI (LDDWI = 3.01 cm; HDDWI = 2.54 cm) were smaller than MSS (PLD = 0.002; PHD = 0.002) in all lesions. In subgroup of tumor with G1 (grade 1) and small lesion (defined as maximum diameter ConclusioncDWI can detect EC very sensitively. The TS on cDWI was smaller than the fact for the ECs with G2/3 and big size. The TS of T2WI was in accordance with the actual size for all ECs. The heterogeneity may be responsible for the inaccuracy of cDWI.

Nowadays, obtaining a thin and large-area perovskite single-crystal (SC) is still challenging. Herein, we report a novel strategy to prepare a laminar MAPbBr3 SC with a controllable thickness of 16 μm and a size of 6 × 8 mm. Additionally, the SC solar cell achieves an intriguing efficiency of 7.11% with an impressive stability, maintaining 93% initial PCE after aging for 1000 h.

Halide perovskite single crystal of cubic HC(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3) having excellent optoelectronic properties, such as narrow bandgap, large absorption coefficient and superior thermal stability has caught a surge of attention as a promising material for production of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, at room temperature, the self-transformation of cubic FAPbI3 perovskite phase to non-perovskite phase leaves a critical roadblock to its practical viability. Herein, a simple alloying strategy by mixing methylammonium with formamidinium is developed to stabilize the FAPbI3 perovskite phase, hence achieving a highly stable mixed cation MA0.45FA0.55PbI3 perovskite single crystal over a span of 14 months. The MA0.45FA0.55PbI3 single crystal exhibits exceptional optoelectronic properties like high carrier mobility of 271 ± 60 cm2 s−1 V−1 and long diffusion length up to 254 μm, which are twice the values for sole MAPbI3 or FAPbI3 crystals. In addition, the photodetector based on MA0.45FA0.55PbI3 single crystal exhibits low detection limit of about 1 nW cm−2, high ON–OFF ratio of ∼1000, short response time of less than 200 μs, and impressive stability under aging in dark for 4 months or continuous photo-switching test for 1000 s.

Two-dimensional (2D) ZnO nanosheet arrays were prepared via vanadium (V)-doping assisted hydrothermal method, and then the nanosheet was successfully converted to a nanorod-on-nanosheet ZnO hierarchical structure by treating with Na2S solution and subsequent hydrothermal reaction. Hierarchical films with different nanorod growth time (1–8 h) were prepared and their photovoltaic properties were also investigated after electrodeposition of CdSe quantum dots. For the hierarchical nanorod-on-nanosheet ZnO films, increasing the ZnO nanorod growth time can enormously enlarge the length of branched nanorods and light-scattering ability, resulting in better light-harvesting efficiency and higher photo-generated electron concentration, which leads to higher short-circuit current density ( J sc) and open-circuit voltage ( V oc). However, further increasing nanorod growth time to 8 h leads to the over-dense coverage of nanorods, which is harmful for light-harvesting efficiency and leads to severe electron recombination, eventually diminishes the power conversion efficiency (PCE). With the optimized nanorod modification and Cu2S counter electrode, the PCE reaches a maximum value of 4.26%, which to the best of our knowledge, is among the highest PCE record for CdSe sensitized solar cells based on ZnO photoanodes.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that when a radiologist does not perceive an abnormality in images that contain either extremely subtle abnormalities or no abnormalities, the radiologist cannot distinguish these two types of images and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reflects that performance. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted with approval of our institutional review board. Four general radiologists participated in an observer performance study of 100 chest images, each of which had a 5 × 5 cm region of interest (ROI) drawn (50 containing a lung nodule, and 50 did not, based on computed tomography [CT] confirmation). About half of the lung nodules were extremely subtle. The readers reported their confidence that a nodule was present within the ROI, from which empirical and maximum-likelihood “proper” binormal and conventional binormal ROC curves were estimated. The readers also reported whether they saw an abnormality that could be a nodule within the ROI. Results Empirical ROC curves deviated from typical ROC-curve shapes, and a portion of the curve leading to the northeast corner of the ROC space had relatively steep and constant slopes. The readers reported not seeing anything suggestive of a lung nodule in this portion of the ROC curve, which also corresponded to cases that either contained extremely subtle nodules or normal cases. The average area under the ROC curves (mean ± standard deviation) was 0.66 ± 0.02 for proper binormal, 0.62 ± 0.02 for conventional binormal, and 0.60 ± 0.03 for trapezoidal ROC curves. Conclusions When a radiologist does not perceive an abnormality in images that contain either extremely subtle abnormalities or no abnormalities, the ROC curve (or a portion thereof) is characterized by a straight line, which is not consistent with conventional ROC theories.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) is closely associated with the conduction band energy, conductivity and coverage of the compact layer. However, as the most widely used compact layer material, TiO2 has unfavorable electrical properties such as low electron mobility and conductivity; as a result, modifications such as elemental doping are of paramount importance. In this study, Nb-doped TiO2 with improved carrier density and conductivity was prepared via a facile one-pot solution process and applied successfully as a high-quality compact layer for planar PSCs. A positive shift in the flat-band potential (Vfb) and increased conductivity after Nb doping efficiently facilitated photogenerated electron injection and charge extraction from the perovskite film to the 2% Nb-doped TiO2 compact layer, contributing to impressive advances in photovoltaic performance compared with pristine TiO2. Ultimately, a PSC assembled using optimized 2% Nb-doped TiO2 and CH3NH3PbI3 yielded a power conversion efficiency of up to 16.3%.

In situ fabrication of an ordered macroporous perovskite semitransparent film on a FTO glass was successfully achieved via sacrificial polystyrene (PS) microsphere templates. The average visible transmittance of active layer from 20% to 45% can be tuned by simply changing the PS diameters and precursor concentrations. The ordered macroporous perovskite films show enhanced crystallinity and reduced recombination defects, superior to the island perovskite film. Transient photovoltage, transient photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectra measurements proved the advanced charge transport and reduced recombination by importing macroporous structures. Herein, the optimized 400 nm MP CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film with a high AL AVT of 36.5% achieved an impressive PCE of 11.7% compared to the island-like perovskite film (champion PCE = 5.6%), presenting a great potential for building integrated photovoltaic applications.

The fabrication of hierarchically structured photoanode materials is believed to be an effective way to obtain efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this paper, hierarchical TiO2–B/anatase core/shell heterojunction nanowire arrays on a titanium plate substrate are synthesized and used as novel photoanode materials for DSSCs. By using H2Ti3O7 nanowire arrays as the precursor template, anatase nanoparticle coated TiO2–B nanowire arrays are prepared via a hydrothermal reaction followed by a calcination process. Photoelectric measurements reveal that the anatase nanoparticle shell makes the pristine TiO2–B nanowire rougher for more dye adsorption and effective light scattering, which can enhance the light harvesting ability and thus the photocurrent density of the photoanode largely. Moreover, the dynamic electron transport and recombination study via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS) measurements reveal that the TiO2–B/anatase composite photoanode based cell has a faster electron transport and higher electron collection efficiency than a TiO2–B based cell. As a consequence, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the hierarchical composite photoanode was greatly enhanced to 4.88%, which is among the highest reported value for TiO2 nanowire array photoanodes grown on titanium plate substrate.

Solar water splitting by photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells is emerged as a promising route for H2 production. However, thus far no single component material can fulfill all the requirements for high efficiency PEC behavior, especially for the photoanode which conducts the water oxidation, while constructing a composite photoelectrode can result in improved performance. Herein, a simple wet-chemical treatment method is introduced to in situ fabricate ZnFe2O4 onto conductive Al:ZnO nanowire arrays for solar-driven water splitting. Benefiting from the high conductivity of Al:ZnO and the visible-spectrum absorption of ZnFe2O4, such a host–guest structure has finally led to an excellent photoelectrochemical performance with low onset potential (VRHE = 0.38 V) and a photocurrent density of 1.72 mA cm−2 (VRHE = 1.23 V). Notably, the low onset potential gives this structure great potential for application in unassisted light-driven tandem-type PEC cells.

Great attention to cost-effective high-efficiency solar power conversion of trihalide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been hovering at high levels in the recent 5 years. Among PSC devices, admittedly, TiO2 is the most widely used electron transport layer (ETL); however, its low mobility which is even less than that of CH3NH3PbI3 makes it not an ideal material. In principle, SnO2 with higher electron mobility can be regarded as a positive alternative. Herein, a SnO2 nanocolloid sol with ≈3 nm in size synthesized at 60 °C was spin-coated onto the fuorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass as the ETL of planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. TiCl4 treatment of SnO2-coated FTO is found to improve crystallization and increase the surface coverage of perovskites, which plays a pivotal role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this report, a champion efficiency of 14.69% (Jsc = 21.19 mA cm−2, Voc = 1023 mV, and FF = 0.678) is obtained with a metal mask at one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2). Compared to the typical TiO2, the SnO2 ETL efficiently facilitates the separation and transportation of photogenerated electrons/holes from the perovskite absorber, which results in a significant enhancement of photocurrent and PCE.

The development of a novel nanoarray photoanode with a heterostructure on a transparent conducting oxide substrate provides a promising scheme to fabricate efficient energy conversion devices. Herein, we successfully synthesize the vertically aligned hierarchical TiO2 nanowire/ZnO nanorod or TiO2 nanowire/ZnO nanosheet hybrid arrays, which are proven to be excellent anode candidates for superior light utilization. Consequently, the quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells based on such hybrid arrays exhibit an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM 1.5G one sun illumination with improved short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor compared to pristine TiO2 nanowire arrays. Combined with the chemical-bath-deposited Cu2S counter electrode, the eventual PCE can be further optimized to as high as 4.57% for CdS/CdSe co-sensitized quantum dot solar cells.

The ingenious design of nanostructures and smart integration of specific semiconducting metal oxide materials are closely related to the photovoltaic performance of solar cells. Herein, we successfully fabricate vertically aligned TiO2 nanowire–TiO2 nanosheet–ZnO nanorod (TNW–TNS–ZNR) hyperbranched heterostructured arrays on TCO substrates as excellent anode material electrodes for efficient solar-to-electricity conversion. As a result, the TNW–TNS–ZNR heterostructured array based quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have exhibited an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM 1.5G one sun illumination, along with considerable improvement of short-circuit current density (Jsc), open voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) due to their superior light harvesting and excellent charge collection capability. Combined with the chemical bath deposited Cu2S counter electrode, the eventual PCE of CdS/CdSe co-sensitized solar cells can be further boosted to as high as 5.38%.

According to the correspondence relationship between the base coefficients of fitting curves and the functional data, this paper proposed a method of outlier detection for functional data. The principle is to use MCD algorithm in multivariate data to detect the outliers of the base coefficients of fitting curves, and then correspond the detection result with the functional data to realize the process of outlier detection of functional data. Since the base coefficients of the functional data can express most of the information of the original functional data, the outlier detection of the base coefficients of the functional data with MCD algorithm can take into account both the overall anomaly and the local anomaly of the functional data. In the simulation part, this method is applied to the outlier detection of functional data of air quality, and compared with the outlier detection method based on statistical depth. The results show that the proposed method is more appropriate for detecting outliers in air quality data.

Talents are essential for cloud computing enterprises, and a good enterprise internal eco-environment of talent helps cloud computing enterprises to obtain and retain talent. Through literature research, five dimensions of the enterprise internal eco-environment of talent are identified. Then the characteristics of the enterprise internal eco-environment of talent in the cloud computing enterprise are summarized by sorting out relevant research. Using the Delphi method, the importance score of each dimension in cloud computing enterprise is obtained, and the relative importance of each dimension was explained using the characteristics summarized above. The result shows that the most important dimension for the cloud computing enterprise is the innovation and R & D environment, followed by the institution and culture environment, the performance environment, the personnel environment and the material environment. The cloud computing enterprises should focus on and monitor dimensions with high importance scores, so as to improve the enterprise internal eco-environment of talent more efficiently and more effectively.

Methane enrichment from nitrogen is a necessary means for low-quality unconventional natural gas (coal mine methane) extraction, where adsorption-separation technology has become a research hotspot due to its low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness. In this work, three SOD-type ZIFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-90 and SIM-1, the latter also known as ZIF-94) are taken as methane sorbents for CH4/N2 separation. The experimental results show that SIM-1 (ZIF-94) has the highest CH4 adsorption capacity (1.5 mmol/g, 298 K and 1 bar) and adsorption heat (23.9 kJ/mol), although its surface area is the lowest (597 m2/g). No other known ZIF material has a higher CH4 adsorption capacity than SIM-1(ZIF-94), although some rare MOF and other porous materials can achieve such a high value. By comparing its CH4 adsorption capacity and BET surface with ZIF-93 (RHO type), which has the same units as Zn-almeIm, SIM-1(ZIF-94) has a high adsorption capacity of CH4 due to its suitable SOD cage size (0.84 nm) acting as a strong adsorption potential. Indeed, excellent enrichment–separation of the CH4/N2 mixture (30:70 and 50:50, v/v) with a high adsorption selectivity of 7.0 (IAST) rarely occurs for sorbents at room temperature and ambient pressure. Both the experimental and simulated data of the gas mixtures indicate that SIM-1 (ZIF-94) has excellent capability for enriching and removing nitrogen from methane, and it shows extraordinary industrial value.

Effect of BOT financing mode in the housing is more and more obvious in the diversifieddevelopment，how to evaluate the risk of this kind of mode is an issue. The article analysis the detailed of the various potential risks of BOT financing mode; the fault tree method into the risk assessment of public rental housing in the BOT project, to test the effectiveness of the final project risk evaluation.

The present work establishes a facile process for one-step hydrothermal growth of vertically aligned anatase cactus-like branched TiO2 (CBT) arrays on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate. Various CBT morphologies are obtained by adjusting the potassium titanium oxide oxalate (PTO) reactant concentration (from 0.05 M to 0.15 M) and this yields a morphologically-controllable branched TiO2 arrays geometry. The CBT arrays consist of a vertically oriented nanowire (NW) or nanosheet (NS) stem and a host of short nanorod (NR) branches. The hierarchical CBT arrays demonstrate their excellent candidatures as photoanodes, which are capable of exhibiting high light-harvesting efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Consequently, DSSCs based on 7 μm long optimized CBT arrays (0.05 M PTO), which are assembled with high density and high aspect-ratio NR branches, exhibit an impressive power conversion efficiency of 6.43% under AM 1.5G one sun illumination. The high performance can be attributed to the prominent light-harvesting efficiency, resulting from larger surface area and superior light-scattering capability.

Resistors, inductors and capacitors are indispensable components in modern electronics field. While digital potentiometer is capable of conducting digital adjustments on resistances, the flexibility of adjusting the capacitance of most capacitors is still very limited even until now. This paper introduced a digital capacitor circuit based on impedance transformations. The impedance transformation circuit was set up by assembling an integrated operational amplifier and small amounts of resistors and capacitors. The capacitance of this circuit can be adjusted by controlling the resistance of a certain resistor using a digital potentiometer. Simulation results showed this circuit has many advantages including great flexibility if controlled with a single chip, wide capacitance adjustment range, insensitivity to temperature and pressure, and the size of the circuit remaining the same while the capacitance increases.

with the rapid development of automobile industry in our country, the traditional sales mode cannot meet the needs of the development of enterprise. This paper aims at analyzing automobile marketing mode, summarizing the sales mode of deficiencies in the current market, so as to predict the development direction of automobile sales mode and trend effectively, thus provide the decision-making reference for China's auto manufacturers, distributors, etc.

An engineered and optimized trilayered TiO2 photoelectrode on Ti metal substrates with synergistic effects for dye-sensitized solar cells has been developed through the combination of one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanotubes, three-dimensional (3D) TiO2 hierarchical microsized spheres, as well as zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles with a large surface area. The advantages of efficient charge-collection, light-harvesting, as well as high dye-loading capability make it possible to achieve unprecedentedly high short-circuit photocurrent density (17.90 mA cm–2) under back-side illumination and thus allow us to obtain a power conversion efficiency as high as 9.10%.

To meet the requirements of scientific research personnel on wide range and high-precision variable inductor. The new digital inductor is based on the impedance converting circuit. The new active impedance converting circuit is formed by integration operational amplifiers, a small amount of resistance and capacitance. Through control of the switching circuit part line, thus producing the equivalent pure inductance. Experimental results show that using digital potentiometer and analog switches adjust circuit resistance to adjust the inductance value. So that digital equivalent inductance has certain advantages in the circuit experiment debugging and inductance adjustable electronic products.

From the perspective of credit allocation, this paper analyzes the effects of credit market development on the innovative capacities of industrial firms in the People's Republic of China. Using a large dataset of industrial firms in 31 provinces in the People's Republic of China, we find that credit market development enhances the probability of firms' product innovation and innovation outcomes. We further show that firms' credit constraints and firms' performances are two channels through which credit market development affects innovative capacities of firms. Our results are neither driven by the increase in the quantity of credit, nor by the increase in the number of firms in a province. The results are robust to different samples, different estimation methods, and alternative measures of credit market development.

In recent years, major disasters occur frequently due to changes in climate and social patterns. Regardless of natural or man-made disasters, it poses great challenges and threats to firefighters implementing various relief operations. Therefore, professional fitness and skills of firefighters can be gradually enhanced by varied in-service training. With Taiwan's New Taipei City Fire Department as an example, this study explores whether the implementation of the rescue training process can help to enhance the disaster response capacity of firefighters. Moreover, with personnel participating in training as the study sample, and in accordance with Kirkpatrick's "Four Levels," this study analyzed the reaction level, learning level, behavior level, and results level of the trainees by questionnaire survey. The statistical data was applied with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) 12.0 to understand the overall training results.

Wireless technology has walked into the People's Daily life, Bluetooth technology comes to the fore in so many wireless technologies with its low power consumption, low cost and other characteristics. Bluetooth technology is used widely, we can see it in mobile phones or in our cars, it seems that Bluetooth technology has penetrated into every aspect of our lives. Even so, the combination of Bluetooth technology and fixed telephone still has a very big development space. If the stability of the fixed telephone combined with the flexible of Bluetooth technology, it will give the life of people a lot of convenience. This paper will introduces the Bluetooth hands free system for fixed telephone, it is such a product that it will make Bluetooth technology and common fixed phone combined, and make it a reality that people can use common Bluetooth headset to answer or call a fixed telephone.

Oil field simulation training can be trained for construction personnel with lifelike, safety, standardize the interactive training, is an important aspect of the construction of digital oilfield, how to improve the d characters of construction development efficiency is still action today the hotspot. This paper based on the rehabilitation medicine field of the ADL 3d characters basis for action based data, this paper analyzes oil field production more than the standard of construction work, extracting oil field production construction base motion as a major operation data, using the 3ds Max development environment role animation component calls action data joining together new action, design and realize the oilfield construction d characters base motion library. And applied to multiple oil field simulation training system for the development of construction action, verified through practice.

The situation and needs of data flow in upstream production information system were introduced, and then UML on the basis of knowledge and VP-UML on the basic functions were discussed. An example was given about how to use VP-UML to model effectively in data flow of exploration and production.

3D character animation has into every aspect of our lives, How to raise the efficiency of development is still current domestic and international research one of the hot issues. This paper, based on the rehabilitation medicine ADL standard, Puts forward 3d characters ADL action based action split standards,According to the software engineering layered development and atom model thought, Design realize the ADL 3d character animation design table, Applied to the simulation training construction of action of oil field development, Effectively improve the oil workers 3d action role construction the efficiency of the development.

The research on establishing an automated data acquisition system with high speed and accuracy is a hot topic in measurement and testing area. The desire is extremely high in data acquisition systems with high speed, multi-channels and large capacity, therefore research into this field becomes very important and significant. In this paper, a LXI high speed parallel data acquisition system which is combined LXI bus with high-speed data acquisition ability is proposed. And the signal conditioning circuit, ADC, data storage circuit, FPGA main control circuit and LXI interface circuit are introduced in detail. The remote control of the data acquisition system and the high speed transmission of data are realized by using the LXI bus.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Xiongshao Capsule (XS), consisting of Chuangxiongol and paeoniflorin, in preventing restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in senile coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 335 CHD patients were randomly assigned to treatment with oral administration of XS, or a placebo for 6 months after successful PCI. A clinical follow-up was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after PCI and an angiographic follow-up was scheduled at 6 months. The primary endpoint was angiographic restenosis defined as a luminal stenosis ≥ 50% in follow-up. The secondary endpoints were combined incidence of death, target lesion nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat target-vessel angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The follow-up for the above clinical endpoint events was continued to 1 year after PCI.The subgroup analysis of 152 senile patients (68 cases angiographic follow-up) showed that the restenosis rates tended to reduce in the XS group as compared with that in the placebo group (24.32% vs. 38.71%, P0.05), and the minimum lumen diameter (MLD) significantly increased in the follow-up (2.15 ± 0.84 for XS vs. 1.73 ± 0.91 for placebo, P0.05). The incidence of recurrent angina at 3 and 6 months after PCI was also significantly reduced in the XS group (4.11% and 12.33%) as compared with those in the placebo group (17.72% and 43.04%), but there was no significant difference in the combined incidence of clinical outcomes (6.85% in the XS group vs. 11.39% in the placebo group, P0.05). No significant adverse reactions occurred within the 6-month follow-up period in the XS group.Administration of XS in addition to standardized Western medication for 6 months is demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing post-PCI recurrent angina and inhibiting luminal restenosis after PCI in senile CHD patients.