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Resumen Introduccion La linfadenectomia en el cancer de prostata (CP) es el procedimiento mas fiable para la deteccion de metastasis linfaticas. La extension optima de la misma aun es un tema en debate. Objetivo Analizar el rendimiento diagnostico y las complicaciones de la linfadenectomia ampliada (LFDNA) y limitada (LFDNL) en una serie de pacientes con CP de alto riesgo sometidos a prostatectomia radical (PR). Material y metodos Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con CP de alto riesgo de D’Amico sometidos a PR con linfadenectomia entre 1999- 2014. Analisis comparativo de la capacidad de diagnostico de metastasis linfaticas de la LFDNA y LFDNL y de las complicaciones postoperatorias a 90 dias. Resultados Se analizaron 93 pacientes, 20 (21,5%) sometidos a LFDNA y 73 (78,5%) a LFDNL. La edad media de la serie fue de 65,26 anos (DE 5,51). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 1,51 (0,61-2,29) anos en el grupo de LFDNA y 5,94 (3,61-9,10) en LFDNL. La mediana de ganglios obtenidos fue de 13 (9-23) en las LFNDA vs. 5 (2-8) en las limitadas (p El porcentaje global de complicaciones a 90 dias fue 35,5% (33 pacientes). Del grupo de LFDNA 12 pacientes (60%) presentaron complicaciones, frente a 21 (28,8%) en LFDNL (p = 0,016), sin encontrar diferencias significativas en la gravedad segun la escala de Clavien (p = 0,73). Conclusiones En nuestra serie, la deteccion de ganglios metastasicos ha sido significativamente superior en la LFDNA. La LFDNA aumenta el numero de complicaciones, sin encontrar diferencias con la LFDNL en la gravedad segun la escala de Clavien modificada.

Background Lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer (PC) is the most reliable procedure for detecting lymphatic metastases. The optimal extension of this procedure is still a topic of debate. Objective To analyze the diagnostic performance and complications of extended lymphadenectomy (ELD) and limited lymphadenectomy (LLD) in a series of patients with high-risk PC who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). Material and methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with high d’Amico risk who underwent RP with lymphadenectomy between 1999 and 2014. A comparative analysis was performed of the diagnostic capacity of lymphatic metastases of ELD and LLD and of postoperative complications at 90 days. Results Ninety-three patients were analyzed, 20 (21.5%) and 73 (78.5%) of whom underwent ELD and LLD, respectively. The mean age of the series was 65.26 years (SD, 5.51). The median follow-up was 1.51 (0.61–2.29) years in the ELD group and 5.94 (3.61–9.10) in the LLD group. The median number of nodes obtained was 13 (9–23) in the ELD group compared with 5 (2–8) in the LLD group (p

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0). Cushioning is an important aspect in hydraulic cylinder performance. The piston has to be decelerated before it strikes the end cap in order to avoid stresses in the cylinder components and reduce vibration that can be transmitted to the machine. One of the least-studied methods is internal cushioning by grooves in the piston. In this method, the flow is throttled with adequately designed grooves when the piston reaches the outlet port position. The purpose of the present work is to present a method to estimate the pressure-drop coefficients for a certain design of piston grooves in order to provide a model to develop a dynamic system simulation of the cushion system. The method is based on a computational fluid dynamic simulation of flow through piston grooves to the outlet port for each piston’s static position. The results are compared with experimental measurements, and a correction, based on Reynolds number, is proposed. Good agreement, below 16%, was obtained for all the positions but particularly for the last grooves, for which the numerical result’s deviation to the experimental measurements was less than 10%. In general, the numerical simulation tended to underestimate the pressure drop for the first grooves and overestimate the calculation for the last grooves.

We present a first version of ado, a system for Adaptive Data Organization, that is, information extraction from highly informal text: short text messages, classified ads, tweets, etc. It is built on a modular architecture that integrates in a transparent way off-the-shelf NLP tools, general procedures on strings and machine learning and processes tailored to a domain. The system is called adaptive because it implements a semi-supervised approach. Knowledge resources are initially built by hand, and they are updated automatically by feeds from the corpus. This allows ado to adapt to the rapidly changing user-generated language. In order to estimate the impact of future developments, we have carried out an orientative evaluation of the system with a small corpus of classified advertisements of the real estate domain in Spanish.This evaluation shows that tokenization and chunking can be well resolved by simple techniques, but normalization, morphosyntactic and semantic tagging require either more complex techniques or a bigger training corpus.

In this paper we present different ways to improve a basic machine learning approach to identify relations between biological named entities as annotated in the Genia corpus. The main difficulty with learning from the Genia event-annotated corpus is the small amount of examples that are available for each relation type. We compare different ways to address the data sparseness problem: using the corpus as the initial seed of a bootstrapping procedure, generalizing classes of relations via the Genia ontology and generalizing classes via clustering.

A 33-year-old woman sought medical attention for a painful swelling of the left ankle. Plain radiographs revealed an osteolytic lesion involving the left distal tibia. An excisional biopsy provided the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma in the tibia. A staging work-up was performed and an abdominal CT showed 4 liver hypodense lesions in both lobes with peripheral contrast enhancement. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. No association between these two entities has been described before. This case introduces the importance of the pathological confirmation of apparent metastatic lesions in low grade sarcomas and provides a review of the literature of both tumours.

A case of gangliocytic paraganglioma of the papilla of Vater in a 76-year-old man with a history of recurrent obstructive jaundice is presented. This is the first case of gangliocytic paraganglioma of the major papilla successfully resected by endoscopic ampullectomy.

Background Study results demonstrated that IFN augments BEV activity and improves median PFS in pts with mRCC. Thus, combination BEV + IFN is a standard first-line treatment option for mRCC. Combining BEV with the mTOR inhibitor EVE may be an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option. The open-label, phase II RECORD-2 trial compared first-line EVE + BEV and IFN + BEV in mRCC. Patients and methods: Therapy-naive pts with clear cell mRCC and prior nephrectomy were randomized 1:1 to BEV 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks with either EVE 10 mg oral daily or IFN (9 MIU SC 3 times/week, if tolerated). Tumour assessments were every 12 weeks. Primary objective was treatment effect on progression-free survival (PFS) per central review based on an estimate of the chance of a subsequent phase III trial success (50% threshold for phase II success). Results In EVE + BEV (n = 182) and IFN + BEV (n = 183) arms, median age was 60/60 years, 76/72% of pts were men, MSKCC risk was favourable/intermediate/poor in 36/57/7% and 36/57/7% of pts, and 43/46% of pts had >2 organs involved, respectively. For EVE + BEV and IFN + BEV, median treatment duration was 8.5/8.3 months, respectively; 23/26% of pts discontinued due to AEs. In EVE + BEV and IFN + BEV arms, median PFS by central review was 9.3/10.0 months (HRIFN/EVE, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.69-1.19; P =0.485), respectively; probability of subsequent phase III success was 5.1%. Results of central and local PFS analysis were consistent. Objective response rate was 27/28% in EVE + BEV and IFN + BEV arms, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in the EVE + BEV arm and was 25.9 months (95% CI: 21.1, 30.2) in the IFN + BEV arm. Most frequent AEs (%) were stomatitis (63), proteinuria (49), diarrhoea (39), hypertension (38), and epistaxis (35) in EVE + BEV arm and decreased appetite (45), fatigue (41), proteinuria (37), and pyrexia (35) in IFN + BEV arm. Conclusions In RECORD-2, PFS and tolerability were similar for first-line EVE + BEV and IFN + BEV. Final OS analysis will occur after 2-year follow-up. Disclosure A. Ravaud: Alain Ravaud is a member of global, European, and/or French boards on urological tumors for Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Bayer-Schering, and Dendreon, and has received institutional grant support from Pfizer, Novartis, and Roche. O. Anak: Ozlem Anak is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG. D. Pelov: Diana Pelov is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. A. Louveau: Anne-Laure Louveau is an employee of Novartis Pharma S.A.S. T. M-H: Tay M-H is a speaker for an advisory board for Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. B. Melichar: Bohuslav Melichar has received honoraria from Novartis and Roche and served on an advisory board for Roche. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Introduction Sunitinib is a standard treatment for kidney cancer, however in some patients response is lacking. Molecular predictors of outcome could deeply impact patient care. Methods We conducted an observational, prospective study in 15 institutions members of the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group (SOGUG). Inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma with no prior treatment, planned to receive sunitinib according to local practice. From paraffin embedded tumor samples a Tissue MicroArray (TMA) was constructed and evaluated independently by two pathologists, also blinded to clinical data. Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase IX, P-glicoprotein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), VEGF-Receptor 1,2 and 3 (VEGFR1,2 and 3), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR-Beta), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2 alpha (HIF2α) and Von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) was assessed. In addition the presence of VHL gene mutations was studied. Results 101 patients were recruited from 2007 to 2010. TMA was constructed from 69 tumor samples. In multivariable analysis, HIF2α (HR 0.17 (0.05-0.64) p = 0.0083) and PDGFRβ (HR 0.042 (0.003-0.70) p = 0.028) overexpression correlated with progressive disease (PD) as best response. A similar trend in PFS and OS was observed for HIF-alfa but did not reach statistical significance. Progression free survival (PFS) was longer in cases with high VEGFR3 expression (HR 0.42 (0.21-0.83) p = 0.013). Interestingly, low levels of this protein strongly correlated (r = -0.441 P = 0.0003) with the presence of a germline SNP (VEGFR3 rs307826) that has been previously identified as a sunitinib resistance predictor by our group. Finally overexpression of VEGF (HR 4.6 (1.5-13.6), p= 0.0063), and VEGFR1 (HR 6.2 (1.2-32.2) p = 0.031) were associated with poor overall survival (OS). VHL gene alterations could only be determined in 30 cases, with 20 (66%) presenting a pathological mutation. No association with outcome could be established. Conclusion Expression of some proteins involved in neoangiogenesis pathway could play a role in sunitinib sensitivity and resistance. A significant association between low expression of VEGFR3 and one SNP in such gene, both correlated with poor outcome, deserves further investigation. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.