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Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that is still a world public health problem, especially in developing countries with tropical climates, including Indonesia. Ondorea Village in Nangapanda Subdistrict, Ende Regency, is one of the villages in East Nusa Tenggara, which is a province with APIs above the national average. Objective: To determine family behavior in using mosquito nets as an effort to prevent malaria in Ondorea Village, Nangapanda District. Method: This research is a survey research type with descriptive research design, the design used is"cross sectional".The population were all families residing in Ondorea Village, totaling 178 families, the sample in this study used a total sample. The variable in this study was a single variable, namely family behavior in the use of mosquito nets. The data used in this study are primary data collected by making home visits. Results: Public knowledge about the use of mosquito nets as an effort to prevent malaria in Ondorea Village, Nangapanda District was in the sufficient category, namely 85.39%, those with good knowledge of 6.34% and those with moderate knowledge of 7.87%. The public attitude about the use of mosquito nets is in the good category, namely 99.4%, which has a sufficient attitude of 0.56%. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of using mosquito nets, but it is found that there is a relationship between family attitudes and the behavior of using mosquito nets as an effort to prevent malaria

The paper aims to explore the concept of the company from the aspects of Islamic law (fiqh) and sharia, as the basis in determining the company as muzakki, thus raising the legal obligation for companies to pay zakat through the zakat accounting calculation method. This study is designed to reconstruct the concepts of fiqh and sharia in muamalah (economic) activities within the framework of aqidah, sharia and akhlak through ijtihad. The research uses qualitative analysis, through a literature study approach by exploring various classical and contemporary sources. This paper found that the company is synonymous as syirkah on the basis of syakhshiyyah i’tibariyyah (spiritual entity) or syakhshiyyah hukmiyyah, referred to as al-dhimmah, that is, inherent traits of humans, as expert al-form (the right to receive) and syahhshiyyah al-ada (the right to fulfill responsibilities). So, the company as the subject of zakat has an obligation to pay zakat based on five principles inherent in the company as muzakki. The calculations are carried out by using the company zakat accounting method based on established standards (AAOIFI), (MASB), and (IAI). The determination of companies as subjects of zakat, which has the obligation to pay zakat, certainly has positive implications for the realization of a fair and equitable distribution of wealth, as well as the emergence of corporate social responsibility (collectively) and the responsibility of a Muslim (individually) in realizing his worship. to Allah SWT, an increase in community welfare can be achieved.

The development of the agricultural sector is faced with the challenges in increasing of production and farmers' welfare. In addition to technical problems, the factor of supply chain must be considered properly because it is related to other social problems. This study discussed the structure of the rice supply chain in East Aceh District. The added value wich was gained by rice refineries in processing of paddy into rice was also examined by using Hayami method. The results showed that the rice supply chain in East Aceh involved several parties, namely farmers, collecto rs, rice refineries, large traders (districts), and retailers in and outside of East Aceh District as well as consumers as the last link. The added value generated from the processing of paddy into rice , bran and groats as a whole was able to provide a positive added value for rice refineries in East Aceh. The value of rice processing output was Rp. 6,304.5/kg. From the results of this output value, the rice refineries can produce an added value of Rp. 829 kg with a ratio of 13.14% in one processing period.

Slaughtering is a method used to obtain food from farmed animals. Chicken slaughter is one of important factors affevting the halal and nutritional quality of meat. Chicken meat slaughtered is done according to islamic sharia and not according to Islamic sharia. Slaughtering is carried out according to islamic or halal sharia according LPPOM-MUI (2008). The storage time for food is a period of time that is safe and suitable for consumption in food and can be used by consumers according to their needs and can maintain the state of the food that is packed. Determine the quality of chicken meat whether or not accepted by consumers affect the physical, chemical and biological quality. The study aims to determine the effect of slaughtering methoda (according to Islamic sharia and not according to Islamic sharia) and duration of storage on the quality of chicken meat. This research uses factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the method of slaughtering, namely slaughtering by Islamic sharia and slaughtering not by Islamic sharia (neck slaughter broken). Slaughtering by Islamic sharia is chicken slaughtering in RPA that is halal certified, while slaughtering is not by Islamic sharia is chicken slaughtered in RPA that is certified not halal. The second factor is storage time, which is 0 hours (control), 3 hours, 6 hours and 9 hours. The result of this study showed that slaughter had a very significantly affected (P 0,01) on skin color. The treatmment duration significantly affected (P 0,05) on water content and suppleness. Research shows that the quality of chicken meat slaughtered according to Islamic sharia (P1) is better than meat slaughtered not according to Islamic sharia, especially in terms of; as higher skin color. As storage time increases, the water content

his study aims to (1) examine and analyze the influence of Human Resource (SDM) competence and the role of internal audit on the successful implementation of the Local Financial Information System (SKID) partially and simultaneously, (2) examine and analyze the competence of SDM and the role of internal audit on the quality of financial report partially and simultaneously,(3) examine and analyze the influence of SDM competence and the role of internal audit on the quality of financial reports on the successful implementation of the SKID. The object of this study is all provincials and district / city governments throughout North Sumatera. The sample of this study was 34 (thirty four). The data was collected by questionnaire, documentation, and interview methods. The analysis method used was path analysis using SPSS Program. The results of this study indicate that (1) SDM competence and the role of internal audit have no partial effect on the successful implementation of SKID (2) SDM competence, the role of internal audit doesn’t simultaneously affect the successful implementation of SKID (3) SDM competence and the role of internal audit have a significant effect partially to the quality of financial reports (4) the successful implementation of SKID has no effect on the quality of financial reports (5) SDM competence, the role of internal audit, the successful implementation of SKID simultaneously affects the quality of financial reports (6) SDM competence and the role of internal audit have no effect on quality financial reports through the successful implementation of the local financial information system.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework on knowledge loss in a manufacturing sector based on three aspects: likelihood of knowledge loss, critical areas of knowledge loss and relevance of each of these knowledge areas in terms of utilization and alignment with organizational goals and strategy. Such a conceptual framework can be helpful to the practicing managers in understanding the types of knowledge that is lost of a given departing employee and thus deciding on a measure to retain the critical employees or capture their knowledge before they leave. Design/methodology/approach Using a case study approach, data has been collected from a multinational battery manufacturing company based in Hong Kong. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted and analyzed through CAQDAS ATLAS.ti to generate the themes which were then used to develop the conceptual framework. Findings The findings revealed that the likelihood factors of knowledge loss in the manufacturing sector include layoffs, retirement, immigration and job change. The critical areas of knowledge loss comprise the knowledge of relationships and networks, especially with the customers and suppliers, the technical knowledge (battery and process technology) and knowledge of management, among others. The relevance of each of these knowledge areas needs to be determined through proper analysis whether these knowledge areas are needed in future projects, up to date and aligned with organizational goals and strategy along with other factors. Research limitations/implications Using the developed conceptual framework, managers and executives can identify critical employees in the manufacturing sector and accordingly take some appropriate measures to retain their knowledge. Caution should be taken while applying the findings of this study in other industries and context. Originality/value This paper is an attempt to reduce the dearth of empirical studies by exploring knowledge retention in the manufacturing sector, especially in the development of proper conceptual frameworks to assess the potential knowledge loss of employees.

This research aims to explore the concept of corporate zakat accounting from the aspects of Islamic law as the basis to determine muzakki (zakat payer) and legally mandate companies to pay zakat. This is a qualitative research with the data obtained through a literature study by exploring various classical and contemporary sources using historical, analytical, and critical tools. The research also examined the concepts of fiqh and sharia in economic activities. This paper found that companies were synonymous to syirkah in terms of a spiritual entity with the inherent traits in humans as the right to accept and fulfil the responsibilities. Consequently, companies are mandated to pay zakat based on the five principles of muzakki with the calculations carried out using the corporate zakat accounting method based on the established standards. This process positively assists companies in the realization of a fair and equitable distribution of wealth, as well as in the emergence of corporate social responsibility collectively and individually.

Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold: to investigate the role of big data in firms’ co-knowledge and value creation and to understand the underlying drivers behind value creation through big data in the oil and gas industry by underscoring the role of firms’ capabilities, trends and challenges. Design/methodology/approach Following an inductive approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior managers and analysts working in oil and gas companies across eight countries. The data collected from these key informants were then analysed using the qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti. Findings Value creation through big data is an important factor for enhancing performance. It has a positive impact on both tangible (organisational performance) and intangible (societal) aspects depending on the context. Oil and gas companies understand the importance of big data to creating value in their operations. However, implementing and using big data has been problematic. In this study, a framework was developed to show that factors such as the shortage of data experts, poor data quality, the risk of cyber-attacks and unsupportive organisational cultures impede its implementation and utilisation. Research limitations/implications The findings from this study have implications for managers and executives implementing big data and creating value across various data-intensive industries. The research findings, are contextual, however, and should be applied cautiously. Originality/value This study contributes to the value creation literature in the big data context. The findings identify the key areas to be considered for the effective implementation and utilisation of big data in the oil and gas sector. This study addresses a broad but under-explored issue (i.e. knowledge creation from big data and its implementation) and strengthens the academic debate within this research stream.

The existence of residential areas around the Juwata Tarakan airport results in the presenceof domestic residents, namely cattle entering the airport. Besides that, there is a communityaround the airport that crosses the runway. This condition can disrupt flight safety andsecurity at Juwata Tarakan Airport. In addition to explaining the impact caused by theobstruction (obstruction) the purpose of this study is also to maximize air traffic services,especially the aspects of aviation security and safety. The method used in this study is aqualitative research method while some data collection techniques are interviews,documentation and observation. Techniques and data analysis using qualitative descriptivemethods, namely by way of research and observations of obstruction (obstacles) that arearound Juwata Tarakan Airport. The results of the study are expected that the airportmanagement in Tarakan can provide socialization to the surrounding residents, increasesecurity and coordination, add communication tools and make a guardrail around the airportarea.

Maternal and child health problems continue to be priority health issues in Indonesia, especially in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The maternal mortality rate in NTT has reached 159/100,000 live births, while infant and under-five mortality rates have reached 32/1000 live births and 40/1,000 live births, respectively above the national value of 23/1000 live births and 32/1,000 live births. It indicates that the health and maternal and child health policies in NTT have not been maximally implemented. One of the causes is the lack of available health worker resources that provide health services. The research objective is to identify the effect of health resources' availability on the performance of maternal and child health policy implementation in NTT. A quantitative research method for data collection was carried out in 11 districts in NTT and 104 public health centers (pusat kesehatan masyarakat, puskesmas) towards 235 health workers from August to December 2019. The results show that the health workers were categorized as insufficient/not available (mean value of 2.64), and puskemas did not have doctors, midwives, and nurses conforming to standards. There was also inadequacy in some aspects such as budget (average value of 2.45), medical devices (average value of 2.75), medicines and medical supplies, buildings, and transport. A correlation was found between resources and the performance of maternal and child health policies (p=0.00) with a coefficient correlation of 0.546. It indicates a strong and positive correlation, which means that if there is an increase in resources, maternal and child health policy implementation will also. Partial linear regression tests showed t arithmetic=13.304 >t table 1.97, which means that H0 was rejected. It suggests a significant effect between resources and the performance of maternal and child health policy implementation in NTT. In conclusion, resources had a positively significant impact on the performance of maternal and child health policy in NTT. PENGARUH KETERSEDIAAN SUMBER DAYA KESEHATAN TERHADAP KINERJA IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMURPermasalahan kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) terus menjadi prioritas masalah kesehatan di Indonesia khususnya di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Angka kematian ibu di NTT mencapai 159/100.000 kelahiran hidup (KH), sedangkan angka kematian bayi dan balita mencapai 32/1.000 KH dan 40/1.000 KH yang masing-masing di atas nilai nasional, yaitu 23/1.000 KH dan 32/1.000 KH. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan kebijakan KIA di NTT belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah sumber daya manusia kesehatan yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kurang tersedia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi pengaruh ketersediaan sumber daya manusia kesehatan terhadap kinerja penerapan kebijakan KIA di NTT. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di 11 kabupaten dan 104 pusat kesehatan masyarakat (puskesmas) pada 235 tenaga kesehatan dari bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tenaga kesehatan dikategorikan tidak cukup/tidak tersedia (nilai rerata 2,64) dan puskesmas tidak memiliki dokter, bidan, dan perawat sesuai standar. Selain itu, terdapat juga kekurangan di beberapa aspek seperti anggaran biaya (nilai rerata 2,45), alat kesehatan (nilai rerata 2,75), obat dan perbekalan kesehatan, alat medis, bangunan, serta alat transportasi. Korelasi ditemukan antara sumber daya dan kinerja penerapan kebijakan KIA (p=0,00) dengan koefisien korelasi 0,546. Hal ini berarti korelasi cukup kuat dan positif, artinya jika sumber daya ditingkatkan maka kinerja implementasi kebijakan KIA juga meningkat. Uji regresi linier parsial menunjukkan t hitung=13,304 >t tabel 1,97 yang bermakna H0 ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan antara sumber daya dan kinerja penerapan kebijakan KIA di Provinsi NTT. Simpulan, sumber daya berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja penerapan kebijakan KIA di NTT.

—ABI measurements are performed to detect PAD. ABI measurements are essential because, generally, patients are not aware of having PAD due to no significant signs and symptoms. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients tend to have PAD, which increases the risk of cardiovascular and mortality. Therefore, the measurement of ABI regularly is needed to prevent PAD. Early detection and regular monitoring of PAD by measuring ABI can avoid foot complications, such as injuries, gangrene, and amputation. The standard method to measure ABI is using Doppler. Unfortunately, not all health care providers have Doppler because it is an expensive instrument and relatively difficult to use. The purpose of this study is to design a simple and easy Prototype to measure ABI by using pressure sensors. Two pressure sensors measure the systole of blood pressure in the arm and leg to get the ABI. This study’s sample is 20 people consisting of 10 healthy people and ten diabetes mellitus patients. The result shows the ABI prototype has an error of 0.53% with an accuracy rate of 99.47%. It is indicated that the ABI prototype can be used for diagnosing PAD.

Filariasis is an infectious disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquitoes. Efforts to suppress the case of filariasis are eliminated through the administration of filariasis Mass Drug Prevention (MDP). The filariasis MDP program in Ende Regency has been conducted since 2011-2015, and the first phase evaluation was conducted in 2017. This study aims to find a picture of community knowledge about the filariasis elimination program in Ende Regency, to find a picture of behavioral change and environmental management after the implementation of the filariasis elimination program. This research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. There were 20 informants consisting of 10 sufferers, 5 patients' families, 3 health workers, and 2 village officials. The results showed that almost all informants had known the Filariasis MDP program and had taken the filariasis drug. Most informants still had behaviors that were at risk of filariasis. The environment where the informant lives did not have a risk for filarial worm breeding. The conclusion of the research shows that the success in handling and preventing filariasis in Detusuko and Welamosa villages are supported by the community's understanding of the MDP program and consuming filariasis medicine, vanishing filarial mosquito breeding places. However, it was still found that community behavior has not changed which are activities outside the home at night, not using long-sleeved clothes and the habit of hanging dirty clothes., Filariasis merupakan penyakit menular disebabkan cacing filaria dan ditularkan nyamuk. Upaya menekan kasus filariasis dilakukan program eliminasi melalui pemberian obat massal pencegahan (POMP) filariasis. Program POMP filariasis di Kabupaten Ende telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2011-2015 dan evaluasi tahap pertama dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan masyarakat tentang program eliminasi filariasis di Kabupaten Ende, mengetahui gambaran perubahan perilaku dan pengelolaan lingkungan setelah pelaksanaan program eliminasi filariasis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografis. Jumlah informan sebanyak 20 orang yang terdiri dari 10 orang penderita, 5 orang keluarga pasien, 3 orang tenaga kesehatan dan 2 aparat desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hampir semua informan telah mengetahui program POPM Filariasis dan telah mengkonsumsi obat filariasis. Sebagian besar informan masih memiliki perilaku yang beresiko terjadinya filariasis. Lingkungan tempat tinggal informan tidak memiliki risiko untuk perindukan cacing filaria. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keberhasilan penanganan dan pencegahan penyakit filariasis p ada desa Detusuko dan Welamosa didukung oleh pemahaman masyarakat tentang program POPM dan telah mengkonsumsi obat filariasis, hilangnya tempat perindukan nyamuk filaria akan tetapi masih ditemukan perilaku masyarakat yang belum berubah yaitu aktivitas diluar rumah pada malam hari, tidak menggunakan pakaian lengan panjang, dan kebiasaan menggantung pakaian kotor.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of characteristics of cervical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) as conception rate (CR). The study materials were 112 composite cattle in estrus. Fifty five composite heifers and 57 composite cows. Samples of cervical mucus were examined for amount and consistency. The amount of the cervical mucus was studied based on its much, little and nothing of secretion the cervical mucus while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The measurement of vaginal temperature was conducted by digital thermometer. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the 60 th days post insemination. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square. Findings showed that the conception rates of composite cattle with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 66.67%, 68.00%, 35.71% on composite cows and 37.03%, 50.00%, 37.50% on composite heifers. The vaginal temperature with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 38.7±1.0 o C, 38.9±0.7 o C, 38.6±0.5 o C. It was concluded that characteristics of servical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) gave effect to conception rate. It was suggested that optimum time to artificial insemination (AI) of composite cattle was on thick and thin secretion of servical mucus. Keywords : Cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, artificial insemination (AI), composite cattle, conception rate (CR).

Langston Hughes is a black American poet who strived to express the experiences of Black in the United States. One of his poem is Fredom Plow which utilized through lots symbols that refered to the problem of discrimination and the vision of American as a nation. This study is aimed to analyze the expression of Black American expression in Freedom’s Plow poem. This study used semiotics approach in analyzing research data by adopting model proposed by C.S Pierce. There are three types of signs based on the relationship between the sign and the signified, namely; Icons, Index, and symbols. Based on the semiotics frameworks, this study found that Langston Hughes harneses the signs to express (1) preserverance of black to get freedom, (2) expossing the contradiction of American democracy, and (3) the expression of togetherness and unity

The application of warm mix asphalt technology to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures has a weakness in decreasing the performance of mixture and is more sensitive to high temperatures. This is influenced by the type of additives and the warm mix asphalt technology used. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum percentage of Rediset®LQ used and the amount of temperature drop in the type of Pen 60/70 asphalt mixture. Determination of the percentage of optimum use of the Rediset®LQ was carried out by using mixed workability analysis. The results of the warm mix asphalt test are then compared with the control HMA, the volumetric value that is close to the control HMA is considered to have equivalent workability. The variation of the use of the Rediset®LQ is 0.25% to 0.75% with a variation of the mixture temperature reduction of 15 ÂoC, 30 ÂoC, and 45 ÂoC. The results showed that the optimum percentage of using Rediset®LQ on asphalt pen 60/70 was 0.5% with a large reduction in mixing temperature and optimum compaction of 30 ÂoC. Evaluation of the resilient modulus value of the WMA mixture is equivalent to the HMA mixture at low, medium, and high temperatures. Based on the analysis, the Warm Mix Asphalt Concrete Binder Course with Rediset®LQ additive, also lower mixing and compaction temperature, is suitable for use on pavement layers.

Diarrhea is still endemic in NTT province and in Kupang City. The disease also includes as one of the 10 major diseases in Kupang City. Diarrhea prevention will work more effectively if it is conducted based on the knowledge of risk factors for diarrhea. The study aims at analyzing the risk factors of diarrhea and predictive models of diarrhea incidence in Kupang. The observational analytic research used case control design with case samples consisted of 62 patients with diarrhea in June 2015 taken by random sampling and control samples consisted of 62 children who were not listed as diarrhea patients in June 2015. The data was collected through interviews and observation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. Four variables that significant are age of stop getting breast milk (ASI) (OR 5.673), latrine type (OR 4.527), children age (OR 1.460) and number of family members (OR 0.484). The regression model resulted in the study is ? = -0.630 + 1.736 age of stop drinking breast milk + 1.510 latrine type + 0.379 children age - 0.726 number of family members.

Introduction: Halitosis is the smell of bad breath that comes out of the mouth. Gambir contained catechins which is a material that helps in inhibited bacteria and VSC (Volatic Sulfur Compound) as the cause of halitosis. Purpose: The aim of research to assess the effectiveness of gambir leaves against halitosis is caused by plaque. Methods: The method in this research is pre experimental research with 18 research subjects students. Halitosis parameter measurements made before and after the use of gambir for 3 days. VSC gas is measured using the tool “Oralchromaâ€. Statistical data processing is done with the Wilcoxon test (p

Mental disorders are thought patterns that are usually associated with problems or distorted problems in one or more important functions for humans, namely psychological, behavioral, biological, and change functions not only in the relationships of these people but also in society. The purpose of this study is to discuss family relationships with family perceptions about the quality of life of patients with mental disorders. The research design used was analytic description with cross-sectional study, sample selection with purposive sampling technique, the number of samples found was 64 samples. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Statistical test results obtained about family relations with a quiet family about the quality of life of patients for p = 0,000

National Shariah Arbitration Board (Basyarnas) is one of the manifestations of the first established Islamic Arbitration in Indonesia. Basyarnas stands autonomously and independently as one of the legal instruments that resolve disputes of the parties, whether coming from within the environment of Islamic banks, Takaful Insurance, or any other party who needs it. In connection with the Basyarnas function, this article discusses the following three main issues: Firstly, the view of sharia economic actors on Basyarnas. Shariah economic actors generally consider the importance of Basyarnas’s position in settling disputes in Sharia economics. In the last five years (2010-2015) the number of disputes cases in Basyarnas (23 cases) is slightly higher than cases handled by the Religious Courts (20 cases). Secondly, the reason for sharia economic actors chooses the arbitration route because the process is faster, the cost is light and the verdict is final and binding and the secrets of the parties are maintained. Thirdly, the factors that influence the choice are also determined by the level of confidence of the sharia economic actors to the judges’ ability within the Religious Courts to resolve the dispute.

Interfacial electronic structures of MoO3 and LiF-modified pentacene (PEN)/fullerene (C60)-based charge generation layer (CGL) have been investigated with photoemission spectroscopy. Important characteristics controlling its functional effectiveness have been analyzed for charge transport properties in tandem organic lighting-emitting diodes (TOLEDs). It is found that a small energy offset at the PEN/C60 heterojunction makes it easy to transfer electrons from PEN to C60 even under a small applied bias, facilitating the occurrence of charge generation. The band bending observed in both PEN and C60 is beneficial to exciton-dissociation and charge transport in opposite directions. At the MoO3/PEN interface, the high work function (WF) of MoO3 brings the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) onset up to the Fermi level (EF) not only for PEN but also for most hole transport layer (HTL) materials of the adjacent electroluminescent (EL) unit as this CGL is connected into TOLED. Therefore, holes can be efficiently injected from PEN into this EL unit. Similarly, at the C60/LiF interface, the low WF of the LiF buffer layer makes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to pin close to the EF not only for C60 but also for most electron transport layer (ETL) materials of the other EL unit, which induces the electrons to inject easily from C60 into that EL unit by tunneling through the thin LiF film. The favorable energy level alignment can effectively enhance charge generation, transport, and injection. The advantage of the MoO3/PEN/C60/LiF structure is that thus formed CGL can greatly reduce the voltage drop and thus enhance the power efficiency (PE) of the corresponding TOLED.

Regional autonomy gives the region the right to determine its own direction and development goals in the area. This research aims to analyze and discuss the Effectiveness of Land and Building Tax Collection in Takalar Regency. The research method used is qualitative with a Case Study approach. Data Collection and Validation Techniques are carried out by; observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study is the analysis that is carried out continuously both in the process of collecting data and after the data collection has been completed. The data analysis process used in this study is data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verifications. The results of the study are based on the Source Approach of the Takalar District Financial Management Agency in terms of human resources and the source of facilities and infrastructure which are considered to be still relatively low/insufficient in the management of increased PBB collection.

Implementation smart government is a smart step for the Soppeng Regency government to consistently improve services using technology. This study aims to find out the implementation of online services and open government in Soppeng Regency. The study design qualitative descriptive analysis method with interactive interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of smart government uses internet technology for internal use and uses the internet to be accessed by the public. Each SKPD has a website and social media that regulates each SKPD, but it is not yet fully available to the Office of Communication and Information. Online service in the form of services through applications, and integrated numbers for emergencies. Open government through websites and social media. Implementation of smart goverment in the first year is the procurement of networks to BKD and ASN employee attendance and the establishment of Soppeng Command Center (SCC) and the target for this year will be carried out through the network of districts and public places in the subdistrict. Keyword : E-Government, Smart Government, Technology, Information, Soppen g ABSTRAK Pelaksanaan smart government merupakan langkah smart pemerintah Kabupaten Soppeng untuk meningkatkan layanan secara konsisten dengan memanfaatkan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan online service dan open government di Kabupaten Soppeng. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah kualitatif dan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan wawancara interaktif, observasi dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelaksanaan smart government memanfaatkan teknologi ethernet untuk pemakaian internal dan menggunakan internet untuk diakses oleh masyarakat. Setiap SKPD memiliki website dan sosial media yang dikelola masing-masing SKPD, namun belum terintegrasi sepenuhnya ke Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika. Online service berupa pelayanan melalui aplikasi, dan nomor terpadu untuk kegawatdaruratan. O pen government melalui website dan sosial media. Pelaksanaan smart government pada tahun pertama yaitu pengadaan jaringan ke BKD dan absensi pegawai ASN dan pendirian Soppeng Command Center (SCC) serta target untuk tahun kedua ini akan dilakukan perluasan jaringan kekantor kecamatan dan tempat umum yang ada di kecamatan. Kata kunci : E-Government, Smart Government , Teknologi, Informasi, Soppeng

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death ranked 3rd after Tuberculosis and Pneumonia in Indonesia. Diarrhea cases in NTT province and also in Kupang City is still high, with Pasir Panjang PHC in 2012 and 2013 ranked the top three, while Oepoi PHC always the lowest rank. This research was conducted to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea and create a model equation to predict the diarrhea incidence. This observational analytic research using case control design. Samples with diarrhea cases were recorded in January - June 2015 in the register book Pasir Panjang PHC and Oepoi PHC taken by random sampling to obtain samples for cases 62 children of Diarrhea patient. The control samples are 62 children who are not registered as suffering from diarrhea in the month of June 2015, close to the patient’s house, and her mother or people who responsible to take care that children want as respondent. Data were obtained by interviews with the mothers of cases and controls using questionnaires and direct observation using a checklist. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. There are three variables that significantly affect to the diarrhea incidence, namely employment, knowledge and latrine ownership and the most dominant variable influence that is knowledge (OR 4.353). The model equation Y = - 2.048 +1.153 employment + 1.483 knowledge + 1.480 latrine ownership with a percentage accuracy of the model in classifying observations is 68.5%.

Back contact improvement is one of the most crucial issues for the formation of a low resistance contact and enhanced efficiency in CdS/CdTe based photovoltaic cells. We studied Ni/CdTe back contact formation with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and observed the effect of a thin MoOx inter-layer between Ni and CdTe films. Contrasting differences in the interface formation and core level structure were observed, indicating that the presence of a thin MoOx inter-layer was effective in reducing the reaction between Ni and the native tellurium oxide at the CdTe surface. The improvement of device performance is explained based on the evolution of core levels and the valence band region during the Ni/MoOx/CdTe interface formation, wherein MoOx serves as a high work function buffer layer.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is extensively used as a transparent electrode in photovoltaic cells and organic light emitting diodes. High surface work function (WF) of ITO is a crucial parameter for enhanced device performance. The ITO WF is usually around 4.3 eV without any surface treatment. With surface treatments ITO WF, as high as 5.4 eV has been reported. We designed a surface treatment method with which we achieved substantially high ITO surface work function of over 6.1 eV. We observed changes in valence electronic structure and core levels, apart from surface cleaning. We also investigated interface formation of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on the high WF ITO. In the proximity of the interface the highest occupied energy level of CuPc was observed to be almost pinned to the Fermi level. We fabricated three simple devices with no to high treatment. The device results were observed to be consistent with the findings of electronic energy level alignment.

MoO(x) has been used for organic semiconductor doping, but it had been considered an inefficient and/or unstable dopant. We report that MoO(x) can strongly and stably dope carbon nanotubes and graphene. Thermally annealed MoO(x)-CNT composites can form durable thin film electrodes with sheet resistances of 100 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance plain and 85 Ω/sq at 83% transmittance with a PEDOT:PSS adlayer. Sheet resistances change less than 10% over 20 days in ambient and less than 2% with overnight heating to 300 °C in air. The MoO(x) can be easily deposited either by thermal evaporation or from solution-based precursors. Excellent stability coupled with high conductivity makes MoO(x)-CNT composites extremely attractive candidates for practical transparent electrodes.

We have studied the performance of normal and inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells with an active layer composed of a blend of poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl] (PDTS-BTD) and {6,6}-phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC(71)BM). For inverted cells, a thin layer of ZnO nanoparticles and MoO(3) were used as interlayers for the bottom cathode and the top anode respectively. To enhance the device performance, a thin film of 4,4',4″-tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (MTDATA) was used along with MoO(3) as an anode interlayer to improve the hole extraction from the photoactive layer to the anode. The inverted polymer solar cells with double interlayer exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency of 6.45% compared to the conventional cell of 4.91% due to efficient charge extraction and favorable vertical morphology of active layer blend. Our ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results indicate that the formation of band bending due to interlayer leads to the enhancement in hole extraction.

Efficient charge transfer at semiconductor and electrode interface is one of the most crucial issues for the performance of any electronic device. A counter intuitive phenomenon of transfer improvement by insertion of a thin metal oxide film at the semiconductor and electrode interface has gained much attention recently. In this chapter, we will describe our understanding of the mechanism of performance improvement with such insertions based on our surface analytical investigations. We will start by introducing the measurement techniques utilized in our investigations. We will discuss results on the insertion of a thin layer of MoOx between indium tin oxide (ITO) and two well studied organic semiconductors, and demonstrate that the optimum insertion layer thickness is just a few nanometers. We will also illustrate the importance of high vacuum during the deposition of such insertion layers and the impact of exposure on device performance.

Insertion of high work function (WF) transition metal oxide (TMO) layers between the anode and the hole transport layer is established to substantially enhance the performance of organic light emitting diodes (OLED). The high WF of transition metal oxide layer has been demonstrated to be the most crucial for the enhancement. The WF of a TMO layer decreases substantially with air exposure, and noticeably by the ambient even inside a low vacuum system. In the present work we discuss various methods to protect and recover the high WF after a TMO thin film has been exposed to air. We report covering a thin organic layer on top of MoOx to protect the high work function. We found that a thin layer of 1-2 nm organic layer was sufficient to protect the work function of MoOx thin film underneath. We further report methods to recover already decreased TMO WF due to air exposure. We performed oxygen plasma cleaning of air exposed MoOx film and found out that oxygen plasma could substantially recover the WF of as deposited MoOx film. We also performed annealing of air exposed MoOx film inside an ultra high vacuum system and observed a thin layer of oxygenrich adsorbate layer, which desorbed upon annealing that in turn substantially recovered the MoOx WF. We discuss the vacuum annealing and the effect of resulting surface on the interface energy level alignment.

A low-resistance back contact for n-CdS/p-CdTe solar cells has been developed, which utilizes a thermally evaporated MoOx thin film as the buffer layer between the p-CdTe and the back electrode. The low-resistance behavior of back contact is attributed to the high work function of MoOx, which reportedly is as high as 6.8 eV, and thus adequately matches that of p-CdTe. With MoOx as the buffer, a variety of common metals, even those with a low work function such as Al, have been found to be useful as the electrode in forming the back contact. Other advantages of the MoOx buffer include dry application by vacuum deposition, and thus it is particularly suitable for the fabrication of ultra-thin CdTe solar cells without introducing additional shorting defects. Surface cleaning of CdTe films prior to MoOx deposition has also been studied. The cell stability has been evaluated through thermal annealing tests. Thermal degradation has been explained in terms of oxidation of the metal electrodes. CdTe cells with high efficiency and good stability have been demonstrated with MoOx as the back contact buffer and Ni as the electrode.

Extensive studies have been conducted on molybdenum oxide since it has outstanding properties as an insertion layer for efficient charge injection and extraction in organic semiconductor devices. Efficient charge transfer at semiconductor and electrode interface is one of the most crucial issues for the performance of organic electronic device. A lot of efforts have been spent to address this issue, but there are still many unclarified issues to understand the physical mechanisms. In this review, the authors summarize surface analytical investigations on the mechanisms that govern the effectiveness of the insertion layer. Measurement results on the electronic structure, composition, and morphology are presented. It is found that the high work function of MoOx is the dominant factor for the device performance improvement. Compromising environmental effects and methods to recover or prevent such effects are described. Finally, the criteria for MoOx insertion layer to be effective are provided by comparing the work function of MoOx and the ionization potential of organic semiconductors.