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This scholarly investigation analyses the determinants that affect customer satisfaction, loyalty, and trust within Islamic banking. The data source used in this study is primary data, which is obtained through the provision of structured questionnaires. The study population encompasses customers of Islamic banking institutions in Riau, Indonesia. The sampling technique employed is simple random sampling. The sample size was determined using the Slovin approach, resulting in a sample of 204 respondents. This study is quantitative, and an explanatory survey was analyzed using the SEM-PLS technique. The study outcomes indicate that service performance, digital banking application service quality, and customer relationship management positively influence customer satisfaction. In contrast, digital banking transformation does not affect customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty and trust. Subsequently, customer satisfaction can mediate the influence of service performance, the quality of digital banking application services, and customer relationship management on customer loyalty and trust. In contrast, customer satisfaction cannot mediate the influence of digital banking transformation on customer loyalty and trust. Theoretically, this study contributes to the advancement of marketing theory and becomes a reference for further research. Practically, it can be a reference for Islamic banks to improve their performance regarding customer satisfaction, loyalty, and trust.

AbstractOur research explores the determinants of capital buffers in Indonesian Islamic banking, which is ranked 10th in the world. The explanatory variables consist of competition, profit loss sharing (PLS) financing, and bank-specific variables such as bank size, stability, total financing, efficiency and financing risk. All Islamic banks, 34 banks, are selected for the purpose of this study, covering from 2014 to 2020 and using quarterly data. The dynamic panel regression is employed and estimated using the bias-corrected least-squares dummy variable (LSDVC) that generates a more robust estimator than the widely used GMM method for the case of the small cross-section unit with the unbalanced panel. The findings evidently show that low competition discourages banks from having a high capital buffer. Stability, bank size and high financing default encourage banks to build up a high capital buffer. By contrast, PLS financing, total financing and operating inefficiency lower capital buffers. Interestingly, being a full-fledged Islamic bank gives more benefits than an Islamic bank window in building up a capital buffer. Our study has important implications for the Indonesian Financial Service Authority as a policymaker. Converting an Islamic bank window to a full-fledged Islamic bank through a spin-off policy must be implemented immediately according to Indonesian Islamic bank law no 23/2008 to encourage strong and sound Islamic banking in Indonesia.

One of the financial institutions currently developing in Indonesia is sharia banking, but previous research states that the majority of people still use conventional banking products. This is because conventional banks have various products, are more diverse, and have advantages over sharia banks. Therefore, this research aims to identify how religiosity and perceptions can influence people's decisions to use sharia banking services. The type of research conducted is quantitative research. Quantitative research is the type of research conducted. The population consists of 1350 traders located in Manonda Market and Masomba Market in Palu City. Simple Random Sampling is the sampling technique used. In this research, there are 180 respondents whose data will be used to test the hypotheses. The research takes place in the traditional markets of Masomba and Manonda in Palu City, and the data collection was conducted in the year 2023. The data that will be used to test the hypothesis in this research is 180 respondents from questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. The research results show that religiosity can influence people's perceptions regarding Islamic banks; apart from that, perceptions are also found to influence consumer decisions when using sharia banking products. Furthermore, perception can be a good mediator between religiosity and consumer decisions, but in this research, it was found that religiosity cannot influence people's decisions to use sharia banking. The implications of this research are important for academics by opening opportunities for further research regarding the complexity of the relationship between religiosity, perceptions and customer decisions in Islamic banking. For Islamic banking practitioners, these results emphasize the importance of understanding the role of perception in increasing the acceptance and use of Islamic services.

This study aims to provide an overview and analysis of the influence of policy and corporate governance, including Sharia supervisory board, firm size, firm age, and leverage on green banking disclosure in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2017 to 2021. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis to examine the causal relationship between the independent variables (policy, board size, board of commissioners, Sharia Supervisory Board, firm size, firm age, and leverage) and green banking disclosures. Islamic commercial banks registered with FSA and IDX are the study population. The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling, with a total sample of six Islamic commercial banks for five years of research. The results of this study show that the company's age, the size of the company, the size of the board of directors, and the board of commissioners have a significant effect on the disclosure of green banking. Meanwhile, Sharia board and leverage do not significantly affect green banking disclosure. This study implies that applying green banking to overcome environmental problems can only be realized by regulation alone, considering the importance of other factors from the bank's side.

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the banking sector, including the increase in problematic financing. This research aims to show the impact of restructuring financing and foreclosed collateral (RFFC) on non-performing financing (NPF) levels during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a quantitative approach. The population of this research is Islamic commercial banks (ICB). The research sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique, so a research sample of 6 ICB was obtained in three years, namely 2020-2022. This research uses data analysis in the form of multiple linear regression analysis using the Eviews application. The research results show that financing restructuring and RFFC each positively and significantly affect NPF. This research can be used as reading material related to banking economics and inform banks that success in implementing policies to minimize problematic financing requires good cooperation between banks and customers.

This research aims to see the perception of indigenous peoples towards Islamic banks. This research was conducted in the city of Panyabungan. The type of research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with informants from several communities, traditional leaders, and Islamic bank employees. In addition, data was also obtained from several documents and literature related to adat and Islamic banks. This research found that the acceptance of Dalihan Na Tolu indigenous people in Panyabungan was based on Dalihan Na Tolu values through aspects of cognition. The dominant customary values in perceiving Islamic banks in Panyabungan are the values of holong mangalap holong and mangholongi bona bulu. Theoretically, this research can be an additional reference for other researchers and academics who want to see public perceptions of Islamic banks, especially in Panyabungan. Practically, this research can inspire Islamic bank managers, especially in Panyabungan.

Amidst the pandemic, Indonesia witnessed an economic downturn characterized by wide-spread layoffs, leading to an escalation in the unemployment rate and a decline in individual purchasing power. This crisis also bore down on the market share of Islamic banks. According to the 2021 survey conducted by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the primary hurdles faced by Islamic banks during the pandemic were rooted in legacy infrastructure and technology. Loyalty, trust, and customer satisfaction are intricately linked to the quality of services provided, beginning with the customer's comprehension of Islamic banking. This study delves into the impact of knowledge on customer loyalty, with satisfaction and trust acting as mediating factors among Islamic bank customers in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. Employing a quantitative approach, the study gathered data from 105 respondents based on the Isaac-Michael formula endorsed by the Islamic Economist Association in Yogya-karta in 2021, administered through questionnaires. The data was then analyzed using Struc-tural Equation Modeling. The findings of this study underscore that knowledge significantly influences customer satisfaction, trust, and ultimately, loyalty. Additionally, satisfaction demonstrates a notable positive effect on loyalty. However, trust, in isolation, does not exert a direct influence on loyalty. Moreover, it was observed that knowledge directly impacts loyal-ty, and this effect is mediated by satisfaction, while trust does not serve as a mediator between knowledge and loyalty. In light of these findings, this study advocates for initiatives within Islamic banks to enhance financial literacy, provide accurate information, and foster under-standing, countering any negative narratives that may erode public trust and perceptions. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to bolster digital services to ensure the continued loyalty of Islamic bank customers.

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This study examines the impact of risk disclosure on the financial performance of Indonesian Islamic banks and the ability of the Risk Monitoring Committee to moderate them. Quantitative research. OJK regulations in 2014 limited the selection of samples of Islamic banks so that the sample used is 72 Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2014 to 2021. These measures were calculated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20) software SPSS tool (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The variables used are the dependent variable (ROE), independent variable (RD), moderating variable (RMC), and control variables (FDR, NPF, and CAR ratios). The findings show that the lower the risk disclosure, the lower the risks the bank faces and the higher it is financial performance. The existence of a risk monitoring committee can moderate the impact of risk disclosure on financial performance. Future research is expected to be able to compare Islamic and conventional commercial banks by adding variations and increasing the number of samples. Additional research can determine whether the findings of this study apply to Islamic banks in other countries. This research is beneficial for banking decision-makers because the completeness and risk assessment are always under the supervision of the risk disclosure committee. This study also adds novelty to the measurement of risk disclosure by utilizing the average inherent risk value.

This study investigated the awareness, perceptions and satisfaction of bank customers over Islamic bank products and services within the Benin metropolis. The specific objectives of the research were to examine the relationship between awareness and Islamic bank products and services; find out if customers’ perception affects Islamic banks’ products and services; and investigate if there is a relationship between customers’ satisfaction and Islamic bank products and services in Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to elicit responses from one hundred respondents. The data collected was analyzed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) multivariate regression estimation method. Findings from the analyses revealed that customers’ awareness and satisfaction exerted negative and non-significant influence on Islamic banking products and services. Customers’ perception about Islamic banking products and services was positive and not significant. The study therefore recommends that operators and regulators of Islamic banks need to pay due attention to public awareness and perception with a view to enhancing patronage of the Islamic banking products and services and enabling the sector to effectively compete with its already well-established conventional counterpart.

This study investigates the impact of Sharia-compliant financing on job creation in Indonesia. Utilizing provincial-level data and employing fixed effects panel data regression with the GLS estimator, we explore the decomposition effects of Sharia-compliant financing on job creation. Our findings reveal that an increase in the market share of sharia-compliant financing in total, working capital, and consumption does not have a significant impact on job creation. Surprisingly, the share of sharia-compliant financing in investment shows a significant negative impact on job creation. However, it is important to note that overall, Sharia-compliant financing has a positive impact on increasing job creation. Specifically, Sharia-compliant financing for working capital exhibits the highest impact on job creation, followed by Sharia-compliant financing for investment and households. Based on these findings, we propose an open innovation framework to expand the dissemination of Sharia-compliant financing, with a particular focus on MSMEs, with the aim of enabling Islamic banks to play a pivotal role in job creation.

This study aims to utilize the Early Warning System (EWS) component to predict the condition of Islamic banks before bankruptcy. This study uses the springate score model to measure the Financial Distress (FD) condition of Islamic banks. Samples were taken from 13 Islamic Commercial Banks for the period 2016 - 2020. The EWS components are Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR) and Allowance for Impairment Losses (CKPN). Based on the springate score calculation, the highest FD conditions occurred in 2019 and 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The logistic regression test results show that only the NPF ratio has a positive effect on FD. While the CAR, FDR and CKPN variables have no effect on FD. This proves that the CAR, FDR and CKPN ratios owned by Islamic banks are said to be good so as to keep away from FD conditions.

Intellectual Capital (IC) management needs to be carried out in banking because knowledge is an important need for a company whose operational activities directly interact with customers, so existing human resources must have adequate capabilities and knowledge. In addition to knowledge management, implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) to create company efficiency and reduce conflicts that arise provides transparency and legitimacy of company activities. This study aims to determine the influence of IC development on the financial performance of Islamic banking and to determine the impact of implementing GCG on the financial performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of IC and GCG had a significant effect on financial performance (ROA). These findings indicate that Islamic banks need to manage knowledge sourced from their employees. In addition, this finding also explains that Islamic banking in Indonesia needs to consider the determination of the number of directors to maximize the duties and responsibilities of the directors in Islamic banking supervision.

This research aims to analyze the factors influencing customer loyalty at Bank NTB Syariah. These factors include service performance, customer relationship marketing, and marketing mix. This research applies quantitative techniques and is analyzed using multiple linear regressions. The research population is all customers of Bank NTB Syariah Pancor branch offices, totalling 47,853. Sampling applied the non-probability method of the accidental sampling type, with Slovin measurements obtained from 100 samples. The research results show that partially service performance, customer relationship marketing, and marketing mix have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Simultaneously these three factors have a significant effect on customer loyalty. Research results can be a reference for further research examining similar issues. Then it can become a reference material for Bank NTB Syariah to improve the strategy of the three factors in gaining customer loyalty.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Board of Directors and Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) characteristics on sustainability reporting in global Islamic banks. A sample of 136 Islamic banks (IB) was examined, encompassing 536 observations from 2018 to 2021. Sustainability reporting was measured using an index developed by A. Jan et al. (2019), which modified the Global Reporting Initiative standards to suit the characteristics of Sharia-compliant financial institutions. The data was analyzed using a panel data estimation technique known as the Random Effects Model. The study findings revealed that certain board characteristics, such as the size of the Board of Directors, independence of the Board of Directors, size of the SSB, and cross-membership in the SSB, had a positive influence on sustainability reporting in Islamic banks. Additionally, board meetings of the Board of Directors were found to have a negative effect on sustainability reporting. These findings provide valuable insights for companies and policymakers, enhancing their understanding of the board composition that encourages firms to pursue reporting strategies based on sustainable development. Overall, the study contributes to the existing literature by examining the relationship between board attributes and sustainability reporting, particularly from an Islamic perspective.

Islamic banks operated based on Islamic principles and were more affected by the Covid-19 pandemic than conventional banks because of their higher fee structure. However, to restore the economy, more and more non-Muslim entrepreneurs are applying for business financing at Islamic banks. This study aimed to determine the factors that strongly influence the interest of non-Muslim creative entrepreneurs in Malang to apply for financing at Islamic banks. Using a sample of 112 creative entrepreneurs selected by accidental purposive sampling, the quantitative data obtained from distributing the questionnaires was finally analyzed using PLS-SEM high-level analysis. The study's results divulged four strong factors that influence the interest of non-Muslim creative entrepreneurs in applying for financing at Islamic banks: social influence, reputation, promotion, and services. In contrast, the other four factors did not have a strong effect. Future research is expected to consider the type of financing selected as a control variable.

This paper examined the mediating effect of risk management for strategic planning and profitability of Islamic banks in Palestine. The questionnaires were distributed randomly among 97 directors who have experience in strategic and risk management. A structural equation model was employed to test the research hypotheses. The result revealed that strategic planning and risk management have a significant positive effect on profitability, while strategic planning has a significant positive effect on risk management. In addition, risk management was evidenced to partially mediate the linkage between strategic planning and profitability. The current study yielded support for the claim that risk management played a significant mediating role in the relationship between strategic planning and profitability. Bank directors having good strategic planning and effective risk control tend to get a higher level of profitability. Therefore, Islamic banks should construct a proper strategy in line with their risk management practices and provide a robust risk assessment to protect their financial resources. Ultimately, they can attain superior profitability.

This study examines the effect of the pay gap on banks and compares the effectiveness of the tournament theory in Islamic banks (IB) and conventional banks (CB). This study expands the pay gap indicators used in previous studies by using three indicators: board of directors’ pay gap, commissioners’ pay gap and employees’ pay gap. The sample is 23 banks, observed from 2009 to 2019, which results in 239 bank-years. The test results show that we have not found a relationship between a pay gap and bank performance. However, the subsample test, which involves separating Islamic banks and conventional banks, reports different findings. The tournament theory is effectively applied to the employee payroll system and shows a large employee pay gap will improve the performance of IBs and CBs. However, the effect of tournaments on IBs is greater than it is on CBs. The tournament theory is not effectively applied to the salary system for the boards of commissioners. However, the large pay gap for board of directors of CBs causes communication, coordination and collaboration problems between the board of directors and further reduces bank performance. However, in IBs, the pay gap of board of directors has no effect on bank performance. We recommend that banks should provide different salaries for employees at the various different levels. However, we do not recommend that banks create a large pay gap for board of directors because this will lead to poorer performance.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of innovation diffusion theory (IDT), perceived risk, customer awareness, and religiosity on customer intention in Islamic bank mobile banking (m-banking). This study examines 219 Islamic bank customers who accepted Islamic banking at various times. The PLS-SEM technique was used to evaluate data from 219 respondents with the assistance of Smart PLS 3.0. The data processing results show that compatibility, complexity, observability, awareness, and religiosity affect the intention to adopt mobile banking. Meanwhile, relative advantage, trialability, and perceived risk do not affect customers’ intention to adopt m-banking. Religiosity has the greatest influence on customer intention in adopting m-banking compared to compatibility, observability, and awareness. As a result of these findings, Islamic banks must adhere to Islamic values when creating mobile banking technologies. Additionally, Islamic banks must continue to innovate to maintain a competitive advantage and mitigate risks associated with mobile banking.

The problem of default by debtors becomes a primary concern for Islamic banking recently. This study analyzes the effect of economic pressure on the risk of default on Islamic banks, both in the short and long term, the risk response of default, and also other variables' contribution in explaining the diversity of risk of default of Islamic banks. This study used monthly data from 2007 to 2020 by using a vector error correction model. The results show that inflation and exchange rates affect the risk of default in the short term, while inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates affect the risk of default in the long run. Non-performing financing quickly stabilized when responding to the interest rates. The Islamic stock index has the most significant contribution in explaining the diversity of default risks. Islamic banks must be aware of the monetary fluctuation and also careful in analyzing the demand for financing by looking at the future economic prospects.

Abstract This study assesses the differences between Islamic and conventional bank’s productivity. Earlier studies on bank productivity focused on conventional banks, but few have been done on Islamic banks. Therefore, the present study attempts to close the gap in the literature by investigating the productivity of Islamic and conventional banks in the context of the Middle East, Southeast Asia and South Asia regions. The sample is comprised of 385 banks (66 Islamic banks and 319 conventional banks) from 18 countries with data observations from 2008 to 2017. Panel data techniques with DEA-based MPI will be employed to investigate the impact of selected important factor and bank productivity as indicated by total factor productivity changes (TFPCH). Based on the results, Islamic banks are more productive than conventional banks and the results from t test are further confirmed by the results from nonparametric tests. These results are attributed to the progress in EFFCH. However, the mean difference between Islamic and conventional banks TFPCH is not statistically significant in all regions. The main benefit is that this work will hopefully provide additional insight and complement the existing studies on bank productivity of Islamic and conventional banks that are important to the banks, regulations, investors and researchers.

Generally two types of banking system exist in Bangladesh: conventional banking system and Islamic banking system. The conventional banking system consists of interest based banking system. On the other hand Islamic banking system is free of interest. As a result their profitability also differs. The purpose of this study is to compare the profitability of conventional banking system with that of Islamic banking system. Total 270 bank-years are considered as sample from the 30 listed banks of DSE of which 23 are conventional and 7 are Islamic banks during the period of 2010 to 2018 (3rd quarter for 2018). The result of this study is that conventional banks are more profitable than Islamic banks. Conventional banks’ Return on Assets (ROA) and Profit Expense Ratio (PER) is significantly higher than those of Islamic banks but there is no significant difference in Return on Equity (ROE). Moreover it is also found that for conventional banks Total Equity to Total Assets (TETA) and Deposit to Total Assets (DTA) significantly affect ROA but for Islamic banks only Total Equity to Total Assets (TETA) affects ROA significantly. For conventional banks Deposit to Total Assets (DTA) affects ROE significantly and for Islamic banks Total Equity to Total Assets (TETA) and Debt Equity Ratio (DER) affects ROE significantly. This result may help these two sectors to know their position so that they can improve their present conditions. Besides, the regulatory authority will find it easier to incorporate new rules and regulations for those banking system. Further research can be done using the data of other countries where Islamic banking system exists.

This research’s goal is to compose the dominant element and sub elements from the strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) in Islamic Commercial Banks in increasing funding sources through the issuance of public shares. In Indonesia, until the end of 2020, there are only 3 Islamic Banks that have issued shares. The Analytical Network Process, from indepth interviews, is used in this research to reveal the knowledge and experience of experts. Strengths and opportunities are the dominant element of SWOT. Owner promotion (strength), financial performance’s reduction (weakness), broad investor base (opportunity), and complex emission formality (threat) are the dominant sub-elements of SWOT. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan elemen dan sub-elemen dominan dari SWOT pada Bank Umum Syariah dalam meningkatkan sumber pendanaan melalui penerbitan saham publik. Di Indonesia hingga akhir tahun 2020 baru 3 bank syariah yang telah menerbitkan saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analytical Network Process berdasarkan data primer dari wawancara mendalam untuk menggali pengetahuan dan pengalaman para praktisi ahli. Unsur dominan dari SWOT adalah kekuatan dan diikuti dengan peluang. Sub elemen yang dominan yaitu: dukungan pemilik (kekuatan), kinerja keuangan yang menurun (kelemahan), basis investor yang luas (peluang), dan formalitas emisi yang kompleks (ancaman).

This study aims to determine the implementation of Islamic bank social values as they should have been implemented. This study uses the Maqashid Syariah Index with three main social indicators, namely education, justice, and social welfare. The object of this research are three Islamic banks in Jordan (Jordan Islamic Bank, Safwa, and International Islamic Arab Bank). The results showed that all the banks have a low Maqashid Syariah Index for all indicators, which meant that the practice of implementing the social values of Islamic banks in Jordan are not close to what people have expected especially for indicators of justice and social welfare. In the future, Islamic banks need to increase social contributions, especially on indicators of justice and social welfare.Â

The main objective of this paper is to investigate how service quality and customer satisfaction are correlated to self-reported loyalty intentions in Islamic banks. The paper presents primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 655 respondents from all local Islamic Banks in Jordan. The results show that compliance, tangibility, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy positively linked to self-reported loyalty intentions, with compliance and assurance appearing as the greatest correlation with self-reported loyalty intentions compared to other service quality dimensions. Islamic banks should focus on continuous improvement of service quality due to the direct correlation with customer satisfaction and loyalty. It is important for Islamic banks to review and endorse all policies and procedures to ensure that their documents and investments are undertaken in line with the requirements of Islamic law. Managers should pay special attention to the service quality provided by their employees and develop their skill set through training and education programmes based on Islamic principles. As the first study of its kind in Jordan, the paper’s contribution stems from filling the research gap in examining the relationship between the various service quality dimensions and self-reported loyalty intentions in Islamic banks using the CARTER model.

Purpose – The basic purpose of this paper is to analyze the debt financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan through different modes from conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) institutes. Design/Methodology/Approach – Data is publicly available on databases and websites about debt financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan, thus data is collected from these databases and websites in the form of articles and handbooks about Pakistan. Findings – It is found from the analysis that a lot of financing choices and modes are available for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. These modes are provided by both conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) financial institutes. All the debt modes are discussed in the paper. In addition, there are some drawbacks of debt financing that arises from conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) financial institutes, which alleviate small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from adopting these modes Research Limitations/Implications – Some financial institutes, especially banks, lack knowledge and information about small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Banks could lessen it by acting as a mediator for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Originality/Value – This review paper's main contribution is to analyze the contribution of financial institutes in debt financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Paper discusses all the modes available for the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan thoroughly through conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) financial institutes.

Abstrak: Pemetaan Tingkat Kesulitan Keuangan Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat seberapa besar tingkat kesulitan keuangan yang terjadi pada bank syariah di Indonesia. Data penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memetakan keberagaman tingkat kesulitan keuangan bank syariah serta mencoba membandingkan beberapa metode penilaian kesulitan keuangan bank yang ada pada bank syariah. Pengukuran tingkat kesulitan keuangan menggunakan tiga metode yang berbeda, yaitu: metode Altman Modifikasi, Bankometer dan Risk Based Bank Rating. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif komparatif dengan sampel sebelas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia selama periode 2010-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bank syariah di Indonesia tidak terindikasi mengalami kesulitan keuangan, namun tetap berpotensi mengalami kesulitan keuangan dengan tingkat kesulitan keuangan yang berbeda antara satu bank syariah dengan bank syariah lainnya. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa ketiga metode pengukuran tingkat kesulitan keuangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini memberikan hasil yang berbeda dalam mengukur kesulitan keuangan pada bank syariah. Kata kunci: Bank Syariah, Kesulitan Keuangan, Altman Modifikasi, Bankometer Abstract: Mapping of Islamic Bank Financial Distress in Indonesia. This study aims to identify and analyse the level of financial distress of Indonesian Islamic Bank. The data of this study would be utilised to map the level of financial distress of various Islamic banks. This study also aims to assess the level of financial distress by utilising different methods and compare the result. This study measures the level of financial distress by using three different methods, which are: Altman Modification method, Bankometer and Risk Based Bank Rating. This study uses a comparative descriptive approach with eleven samples of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during 2010-2016. This study finds that Islamic banks in Indonesia are not indicated to have financial distress, but still have the potential to experience financial distress, where each Islamic Bank has different levels of financial distress with another. The three methods of measuring the level of financial distress have differences in measuring financial difficulties in Islamic banks. Keywords: Islamic bank, financial distress, altman modification, bankometer

According to The Act No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking in Indonesia, the conventional banks are obligated to spun-off their Islamic business units after achieving a certain set of requirements. The spin-off requirements are: (i) reach 50% market share asset of its parents; or (ii) 15 years after the implementation of the Islamic Banking Act. This study emphasizes the impact of Islamic banks' spin-off on market share. The method used in this study is a difference in difference analysis. This technique is a quasi-experiment separate into two groups, such as the treatment groups (four spin-offs' banks) and control group (two fullfledged Islamic banks). This study used quarterly data from 2005 until 2016. The results show that, first, there is a difference in the Islamic banks' market share between pre- and post-spinoff. Second, there is a difference in the market share of spin-offs' banks between pre- and postspin- off. Third, there are there external factors that can affect the Islamic banks' market share, i.e., inflation rate, interest rate, and economic growth rate. The paper is a useful source of information that may provide relevant guidelines in helping the future development of spin-off activity in Islamic banking industry. The finding could be helpful for policymakers to create a supporting strategy to accelerate the development of Islamic banking industry. This result also could be of use for Islamic banking industries in other countries.

This paper aims to assess the influence of corporate social performance (CSP) categories which are legal, ethical, economic and discretionary responsibilities over the Dummy Islamic Bank’s (the original name of the bank is remained confidential) financial performance. There are four components of CSP and findings indicate that this Islamic bank has fulfilled each category at minimum level - highest contribution was allocated for discretionary responsibility which is the pinnacle stage of CSP. This study has some limitations which need to be highlighted for future study. First, it only focused on one Islamic bank and may not reflect other Islamic banks in the country or in other region. Next, the period of observation is not lengthy to facilitate for more robust and rigorous analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between business model of bank's risk in Islamic banks in Indonesia. Bank risk is represented by Z-score, while business model is represented in two ways, namely the portion of fee based income in income structure and the portion of non deposit funding in funding structure. This study analyzed panel data observed through the data 33 Islamic banks in Indonesia in 2005 to 2015. The results of this study concluded that the overall size of data portion of fee based income effect on the risk of bank, while the magnitude of portion of non deposit funding is not effect on bank's risk. Then, for robustness checks, We conducted a regression between variables to categorize Islamic banks into large and small Islamic banks. In the category of large banks, both fee based income and non deposit funding did not affect bank’s risk, while for banks categorized as small, the magnitude of portion of fee based income has an influence on risk of bank, while the magnitude of portion of non deposit funding has no effect the bank's risk.

As there is an increasing trend of Muslims and non-Muslims accepting Islamic banking, it is crucial to reconnoitre customers’ intention to use Islamic banking products. Such rationale is based on theoretical foundation and empirical evidence that customers’ perception towards a particular product would lead to their intention to choose that product. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of intention to use Islamic banking products in an emerging and vibrant market. 200 copies of questionnaires were distributed, 131 usable copies were subsequently collected. The data were then analysed using PLS-SEM. The findings show that attitude, government support, and social influence possess explanatory and predictive capacity to envisage customers’ intention to use Islamic banking products. As banking service is localized to better serve the customers, this study extends the literature by providing insights into the subject matter in emerging markets.

This study identifies determinants of customer loyalty to Islamic banking in Indonesia using a structural equation model (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data of 362 respondents from two cities of East Java Indonesia have been used to determine the factors of customer loyalty of state-owned and private Islamic bank. The findings suggest that the customers have different perceptions about state-owned and private Islamic banks; with customer engagement is the strongest influence on customer loyalty in state-owned and customer satisfaction is the strongest influence in private Islamic banks.

Shariah compliance is a vital element in the operation of Islamic banking business carried out by Islamic banking institutions. In order to strengthen the Shariah governance, the existing legislations regulating Islamic banking business in Malaysia encourage the Islamic financial institutions and Islamic banks in particular, to appoint a member of its Shariah Committee as a member of the Board of Directors. This article scrutinizes on this issue and the challenges which probably faced by the appointed Shariah committee member as member to the Board of Directors of Islamic Financial Institutions. The study found that the suggestion is good to bridge the gap between the Shariah Committee and the Board of Directors in ensuring Shariah compliance. However it also may invite several legal conflicts and challenges to be faced by the appointed Shariah member if the Islamic banks.

This study examines the preferences of Islamic rural banks clients in choosing Islamic financial contracts to finance their business. Mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, was adopted in this study. Quantitative data was gathered from the Indonesian Financial Service Authority to examine the preferences of Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in utilizing types of Islamic financial contracts. Qualitative data was collected by interviewing Islamic Rural Bank (BPRS) managers to investigate the reasons for choices of types of Islamic financing contracts. The finding shows that people prefer to use contracts under mark-up principles rather than Profit Loss Sharing (PLS) principles. Simplicity of the contracts was the main reason for choosing mark-up contracts. This trend affects the growth of mudaraba and musharaka contracts, and ultimately the growth of Islamic banks.

Murabaha to the purchase orderer is a rival product in the Islamic banking system. It is implemented in the most of Islamic banks (IBs). However, there is a controversy among contemporary jurists (SSBs) in the mechanism of the implementation of this product. The objective of this study is to show the controversial issues related to the product of Murabaha and to identify its impact on the bank's reputation. This study is an exploratory study therefore, based on the literature review relating to the issues of Murabaha to the purchase orderer (MPO), reputation risk, and non-compliance risk. This study tries to describe and reveal the relationship between reputation and non-compliance risk. As well as revealing the impact of reputation risk on the IB stability and financial performance. It aims to brought the attention of decision-makers regarding consequences of these risks. At the end of this paper, concluded that the IBs like all other corporations, affected by the risks reputation, despite their principles that based on Islamic precepts.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to empirically understand whether Islamic banks have a positive relationship to economic growth in Indonesia. Methodology: This study examines the causal relationship amongst several selected variables: real GDP (RY), total deposit (TD), the change in the Consumer Price Index as an inflation proxy (INF), and the ratio of total imports and exports to nominal GDP (OE). In order to accomplish the research objectives of this study, a time series quarterly data spanning from the first quarter of 2003 to the last quarter of 2011 comprising of 36 data points has been used to perform an effective analysis. Findings: The inference deduced here is twofold; First Islamic banks in Indonesia are still unable to contribute significantly to Indonesia’s economic growth. Second, the relationship between Islamic banks and economic growth in Indonesia is positively but weakly correlated. Research Limitations: For this time series research, the researcher is limited by the small amount of data (2003.Q1 to 2011.Q4).

Due to relatively new establishment of islamic bank in Thailand and paucity of empirical research undertaken in the area, this study intends to capture the perceptions of Thai customers towards the objectives and characteristics of the islamic bank. In addition, this study aims to determine the important bank selection criteria as perceived by the customers and the differences in the perceptions of moslem and non-moslem customers were identified. The study surveys a sample of 462 respondents. The empirical findings show that the Thai customers know that the essential characteristic of the islamic bank is interest prohibition. They tend to support the idea that the islamic bank should strive to achieve its social objectives more than the commercial objectives. In addition, the results showed that there are differences between the Thai moslem and non-moslem customers’ preferences toward various bank selection criteria. The moslems highly considered the interest-free saving facilities, while the non-moslems tended to concern more about its reputation and image, and knowledgeable and competent personnel.