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The paper aims to design and verify tearing tube type energy absorption device applied in tram to ensure safety in case of collision accident. Energy capacity of tearing tube is determinated based on EN15227 and Standard Collision Scenarios Criterion in Detail in Republic of Korea. Tearing tube is designed based on theoretical model suggested by X.Huang et al. and assumption by T.Y. Reddy et al. Real scale collision tests are conducted to analyze the energy absorption characteristics and deformation mode. Bending of curl tips is absorbed collision energy when curl tips and tube body are contacted to each other from the tests and we suggest and include the formula on bending of curl tips in theoretical model. Key words :Tram(트램), Tearing tube( 테어링 튜브), EN15227(EN 규격), Collision test( 충돌 시험), Bending of curl tips(컬 끝의 굽힘) 1. 서 론 1) 본 논문은 국내에 새로 도입되는 트램이라는 교통수단의 충돌 사고 시 안전을 확보하기 위한 장치를 설계 및 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다.Thin-wall 튜브는 에너지흡수부재의 한 종류로 많은 연구가 진행되었다. A. G. Olabi 등 1) 은 thin-wall 튜브의 다양한 에너지 흡수 매커니즘에 대하여 소개하였다. S. R. Reid

Recently electric brake system is noticed in electric railroad because of its nice speed controllability, environment friendly, energy saving, good maintainability. The electric brake means regenerative brake is activate when the motor operates as generator. And then kinetic energy converted to electrical energy. In electric railroad, Vehiclepsilas traction system changed to VVV inverter and vehicles came be able to regenerative brake. But there are several problems with it like itpsilas regeneration failure uncontrollable at low speed. This paper find regenerative brakepsilas merits contract to mechanical brake and problems. And then how to make up for the problems.

This paper presents a mathematical model and simulation program of an electric train with regenerative braking system by using Matlab/Simulink in the energy generation, consumption and transfer point of view. This paper also determines the specifications of each component of the electric train by using the developed program. The electric train model and simulation program consist of the speed profile of the electric train, longitudinal dynamics of the electric train, wheel dynamics with brake system, and electric system such as the motor/generator and the energy storage. This paper also provides observation of the energy consumption and regeneration ratios of the energy storage equipped electric train. The simulation results are compared with the test results to verify the simulation program.

This paper presents a detailed analytical model development which can describe the dynamic behavior of the electromechanical brake-by-wire (BBW) system over the entire operating range. The complete model has 10 degree-of-freedom (DOF) and includes essential nonlinearities such as gear backlashes, Coulomb frictions, and disk gap clearance. Such a full model is reduced to 6 degree-of-freedom model in SIMULINK for simulation study of the effectiveness and the achievable performance of different hardware and controller designs, an invaluable tool in the early design stage of a product. Simulation results show that the model is able to reproduce various nonlinear characteristics including typical structural hysteresis as shown in real brake assembly. The linearized version of the full nonlinear model is then obtained for its modal properties to understand the modes that are critical to the low frequency dynamics of the overall system. The results of the modal analyses are subsequently utilized to obtain two simplified models, one for non-contact mode and the other for the contact mode of operation. The concepts of two simplified models well capture the dynamic characteristics of the system over the frequencies of interest and are being used in the controller (e.g., clamping force control) and estimator (e.g., gap clearance estimation) designs that are under investigation.Copyright © 2004 by ASME