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1. Purification of Ge-As-Se ternary glasses for the development of high quality microstructured optical fibers

Author

Celine Caillaud, Johann Troles, Radwan Chahal, Marcello Meneghetti, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Elodie Galdo, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), SelenOptics [Bruz] (SelenOptics), This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 722380., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microstructured optical fibers, Optical fiber, Materials science, Chalcogenide glasses, Chalcogenide, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Attenuation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Casting, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, Chemical synthesis methods, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ternary operation
Abstract

International audience; The production of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers with low optical losses, due to the broad transparency window of these glasses in the mid-IR, can allow for new breakthroughs in various research fields, e.g. new mid-IR laser sources and mid-IR spectroscopy. In this framework, high purity chalcogenide glasses are needed in order to minimize absorption losses. In this study, Ge10As22Se68 samples were prepared using a double distillation method, using different combinations of chlorides and metals as getters for the physico-chemical elimination of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen impurities. Comparing the attenuation spectra of the different samples, the choice of the getters seems to be indeed a significant factor in the quality of the glass. A holey fiber has been realized by casting method using the best sample, showing that the method is suitable for this composition and that the attenuation before and after the casting are comparable.

Published
2019

2. Elaboration of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers preform by 3D additive manufacturing

Author

Ronan Lebullenger, François Cheviré, Johann Troles, Laurent Brilland, Elodie Galdo, David Le Coq, Radwan Chahal, Antoine Gautier, Gilles Renversez, Julie Carcreff, Jean-Luc Adam, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SelenOptics [Bruz] (SelenOptics), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATHENA (ATHENA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DGA FOM-IR-2-20, Ministère de l’Éducation Nationale, de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, MESR, European Commission, EC, European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, Shibin Jiang, Michel J. F. Digonnet, ANR-17-ASTR-0011,FOM-IR-2-20,Fabrication de Fibres Optiques Microstructurées pour l'InfraRouge de 2 à 20 µm(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR ASTRID DGA FOM-IR-2-20, Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, MESR, and Jiang S.Digonnet M.J.F.

Subjects
Hollow core, Materials science, Fabrication, Optical fiber, business.industry, Chalcogenide, 3D printing, Chalcogenide glass, chalcogenide glasses, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Thermal, Optoelectronics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fiber, microstructured optical fibers, business
Abstract

International audience; For several years, chalcogenide glasses have been studied as good candidates for numerous applications in the midinfrared region. Indeed, these glasses are transparent from 1 to 20 μm (depending on the composition), a mid- IR windows well-suited for sensing molecules whose optical signatures are located in the 2-16 μm range. In addition, thanks to appropriate thermal properties, chalcogenide glasses can be drawn into fibers, including microstructured optical fibers. In this work, a new method based on 3D-printing process is investigated to produce hollow chalcogenide glass preforms, which are then drawn into hollow-core fibers. The transmission of the "printed"hollow-core fiber has been measured and compared to the initial glass. A significant, but still manageable, increase by a factor of 2.5 is observed. This works opens a promising way for the fabrication of chalcogenide MOFs, more particularly for the elaboration of hollow core fibers. © 2021 SPIE.

Published
2021

3. Comparative study of Er3+-doped Ga-Ge-Sb-S thin films fabricated by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition

Author

Virginie Nazabal, Florent Starecki, Simone Normani, Marek Bouška, Jean-Luc Adam, Petr Němec, Younes Messaddeq, Jean-Louis Doualan, Yannick Ledemi, Geoffrey Louvet, Jan Gutwirth, Emeline Baudet, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pardubice, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Chalcogenide, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Pulsed laser deposition, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Doping, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Optoelectronics, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Despite the renewed interest in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses lying mainly in mid-infrared applications, a few comprehensive studies so far have presented the photoluminescence of amorphous chalcogenide films from visible to mid-infrared. This work reports the fabrication of luminescent quaternary sulfide thin films using radio-frequency sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the characterization of their chemical composition, morphology, structure, refractive index and Er3+ photoluminescence. The study of Er3+ 4I13/2 level lifetimes enables developing suitable deposition parameters; the dependency of composition, structural and spectroscopic properties on deposition parameters provides a way to tailor the RE-doped thin film properties. The surface roughness is very low for both deposition methods, ensuring reasonable propagation optical losses. The effects of annealing on the sulfide films spectroscopy and lifetimes were assessed. PLD appears consistent composition-wise, and largely independent of the deposition conditions, but radiofrequency magnetron sputtering seems to be more versatile, as one may tailor the film properties through deposition parameters manipulation. The luminescence via rare earth-doped chalcogenide waveguiding micro-structures might find easy-to-use applications concerning telecommunications or on-chip optical sensors for which luminescent sources or amplifiers operating at different wavelengths are required.

Published
2020

4. Mid-infrared detection of organic compounds with a 2-10 µm supercontinuum source generated from concatenated fluoride and chalcogenide fibers (Conference Presentation)

Author

Samuel Poulain, Thibaut Sylvestre, Marcello Meneghetti, Guillaume Huss, Franck Joulain, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Bruno Bureau, Radwan Chahal, Laurine Bodin, Marcel Poulain, Solenn Cozic, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Johann Troles, and Sébastien Venck

Subjects
Brightness, Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, business.industry, Mid infrared, Physics::Optics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Supercontinuum, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Fiber, business, Spectroscopy, Fluoride, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The mid-infrared spectral region is a great technical and scientific interest in numerous research field and applications. Among these studies, the generation of mid-infrared supercontinuum in fibers has attracted strong interest in the last decade, because of unique properties such as broad wavelength-coverage and brightness. In this work, a cascaded supercontinuum generated in a fluoride and a chalcogenide fiber spanning from 2 to 10 µm has been used for the detection of infrared signatures of organic compounds. Those results open a new way for remote sensing and spectroscopy in the mid-IR.

Published
2020

5. Cascaded Mid-IR Supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers from 2 to 10 μm

Author

Marcello Meneghetti, Marcel Poulain, Franck Joulain, Laurine Bodin, Sébastien Venck, Radwan Chahal, Johann Troles, Solenn Cozic, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, and Samuel Poulain

Subjects
Materials science, Multi-mode optical fiber, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, Infrared, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, law.invention, Supercontinuum, Chalcogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Fiber, business
Abstract

Compared to oxide based glasses, vitreous materials composed of chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te) show large transparency windows in the infrared. Indeed, chalcogenide fibers can be transparent from the visible up to 12-15 μm, depending on their compositions. The IR signatures of most molecules, including biomolecules, are located in this spectral domain, which allows in situ, non-invasive and real-time detection of gaz or organics molecules. Indeed, chalcogenide glasses can present a high non-linear coefficient (n2), 100 to 1000 times larger than for silica glass, depending on the composition. An original way to obtain fibers is to design microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). These fibers present unique optical properties thanks to the high degree of freedom in the design of their geometrical structure. Various chalcogenide MOFs operating in the mid-IR range have been elaborated in order to associate the high nonlinear properties of these glasses and the original MOF properties. Different glass compositions and different designs have been achieved depending on the intended application. Indeed, chalcogenide MOFs might lead to new devices with unique optical properties in the Mid-IR domain like multimode or endlessly single mode transmission of light, small or large mode area fibers, non-linear properties for wavelength conversion or generation of supercontinuum sources. In this work, a supercontinuum from 2 to 10 μm, with an average power of 15mW, has been obtained in a chalcogenide MOF by pumping with a supercontinuum generated in a fluoride fiber.

Published
2019

6. Original designs of chalcogenide microstuctured optical fibers

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Celine Caillaud, and Johann Troles

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Optical fiber, Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, Mid infrared, Word, Physics::Optics, Infrared spectroscopy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:TA401-492, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, business.industry, lcsh:TA1501-1820, mid-infrared, chalcogenide fibers, Microstructured optical fiber, chalcogenide glasses, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry, Infrared transmission, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, microstructured optical fibers, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

The combination of the unique optical properties of chalcogenide glasses, in terms of infrared transmission and optical non-linearity, with the original guiding properties of microstructured optical fibers leads to a new category of fibers with promising applications in mid-infrared optics. The recent developments on chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers are exposed and discussed with regards to mid-IR guiding, infrared light transport and delivery, generation of new infrared sources, and infrared spectroscopy.

Published
2017

7. Single-mode chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers: A solution for mid-IR fibered QCL (Conference Presentation)

Author

Mickael Brun, Sébastien Venck, Mathieu Carras, Damien Deubel, Joël Charrier, Johann Troles, Celine Caillaud, Maxime Duris, Loïc Bodiou, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SelenOptics [Bruz] (SelenOptics), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kerdry Thin Solid Films, MirSense, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, Molecular lasers, Chalcogenide, Mid-IR, Quantum cascade lasers, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization Integrated optics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optical fibers, 010302 applied physics, Semiconductor lasers, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Birefringence, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Structured optical fibers, Interferometry, chemistry, Optical sensors, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum cascade laser, business, Chalcogenides
Abstract

International audience; The mid-infrared molecular fingerprint region has gained great interest in the last decade thanks to development of on-chip semiconductor lasers and mid-IR optical fibers. For integrated-optic devices and optical sensors based on interferometric techniques, versatile and easy handling devices can be required. In this context, low-loss single-mode chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers (MOF) which presents an antireflection coating have been elaborated in order to be connected to a Distributed Feedback Quantum Quantum Cascade Laser (DFB-QCL). In addition, another original design of a chalcogenide MOF has been also realized in order to obtained high birefringence properties that can permit to maintain the polarization of the QCL at the output of the fiber. Finally, the fiber properties have been evaluated using a DFB-QCL emitting at 7.4 µm and the polarization maintaining of the chalcogenide fiber has been demonstrated[2]. The combination between a DFB-QCL with such non-conventional fibers has led to the development of single-mode fibered Mid IR lasers.

Published
2019

8. Chalcogenide Microstructured Optical Fibers for Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation: Interest, Fabrication, and Applications

Author

Marcello Meneghetti, Jean-Luc Adam, Johann Troles, Yiming Wu, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUPUVIR ITN project, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [722380], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Fabrication, Materials science, Chalcogenide, Mid infrared, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, law.invention, 010309 optics, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Purification methods, Instrumentation, supercontinuum generation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, business.industry, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, mid-infrared, chalcogenide fibers, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chalcogenide glasses, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, Supercontinuum, Wavelength, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

International audience; The mid-infrared spectral region is of great technical and scientific importance in a variety of research fields and applications. Among these studies, mid-infrared supercontinuum generation has attracted strong interest in the last decade, because of unique properties such as broad wavelength coverage and high coherence, among others. In this paper, the intrinsic optical properties of different types of glasses and fibers are presented. It turns out that microstructured chalcogenide fibers are ideal choices for the generation of mid-infrared supercontinua. The fabrication procedures of chalcogenide microstructured fibers are introduced, including purification methods of the glass, rod synthesis processes, and preform realization techniques. In addition, supercontinua generated in chalcogenide microstructured fibers employing diverse pump sources and configurations are enumerated. Finally, the potential of supercontinua for applications in mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy is shown.

Published
2018

9. Chalcogenide glass-ceramic with self-organized heterojunctions application to photovoltaic solar cells

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Jean-Jacques Simon, Laurent Le Brizoual, Bo Fan, Xianghua Zhang, Hervé Lhermite, Michel Cathelinaud, Marcel Pasquinelli, Hongli Ma, Ilia Korolkov, Odile Merdrignac, Laurent Calvez, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes ( IETR ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence ( IM2NP ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Materials science, heterojunction, Chalcogenide, [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chalcogenide, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, photovoltaic solar cells, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Energy conversion efficiency, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, [ SPI.TRON ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Semiconductor, chemistry, glass-ceramics, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

In this work, we present for the first time the concept of chalcogenide glass-ceramic for photovoltaic applications with the GeSe2–Sb2Se3–CuI system. It has been demonstrated that thin films, deposited with the sputtering technique, are amorphous and can be crystallized with appropriate heat treatment. The thin film glass-ceramic behaves as a p-type semiconductor, even if it contains p-type Cu2GeSe3and n-type Sb2Se3. The conductivity of Sb2Se3has been greatly improved by appropriate iodine doping. The first photovoltaic solar cells based on the association of iodine-doped Sb2Se3and the glass-ceramic thin films give a short-circuit current density JSCof 10 mA/cm2and an open-circuit voltage VOCof 255 mV, with a power conversion efficiency of about 0.9%.

Published
2018

10. Development of an evanescent optical integrated sensor in the mid-infrared for detection of pollution in groundwater or seawater

Author

Bruno Bureau, Karine Michel, A. Gutierrez-Arroyo, Petr Němec, Emeline Baudet, Marion Baillieul, Loïc Bodiou, Jonathan Lemaitre, Virginie Nazabal, Emmanuel Rinnert, Joël Charrier, Jean-Luc Adam, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 16-17921S, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Materials science, Chalcogenide glasses, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Selenide, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:TA401-492, Refractive index contrast, Optical sensing and sensors, Thin film, Reactive-ion etching, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, lcsh:TA1501-1820, mid-infrared, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladding (fiber optics), integrated optics devices, Psychiatry and Mental health, Wavelength, thin films, chemistry, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Inductively coupled plasma, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The detection of molecules dissolved in liquid medium can be envisaged by means of an optical integrated sensor operating in middle infrared range. The intended sensor is composed of a cladding and a guiding selenide sputtered layers transparent in middle infrared. Hence, Ge-Sb-Se thin films were selected in view of tailored refractive index contrast, successfully deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and characterized. To maximize the evanescent field at a wavelength of 7.7 µm, a suitable selenide waveguide allowing measuring the optical transmitted power was designed by performing computer simulations based on the effective index method enabling single-mode propagation for a waveguide width between 8 and 12 µm. Selenide sputtered films were micro-patterned using reactive ion etching with inductively coupled plasma process. Finally, optical waveguide surface was functionalized by the deposition of a hydrophobic polymer, which will permit detection of organic molecules in water.

Published
2017

11. Different designs and glass compositions of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers for different applications (Conference Presentation)

Author

Johann Troles, Celine Caillaud, Jean-Luc Adam, and Laurent Brilland

Subjects
Multi-mode optical fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Chalcogenide, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, Chalcogenide glass, Laser, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, law.invention, Supercontinuum, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, business, Quantum cascade laser, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Chalcogenide glasses are known for their large transparency in the mid-infrared (Mid-IR) and their high nonlinear optical properties. Indeed, chalcogenide glasses can present a high non-linear coefficient (n2), 100 to 1000 times larger than for silica glass, depending on the composition. An original way to obtain fibers is to design microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). These fibers present unique optical properties thanks to the high degree of freedom in the design of their geometrical structure. Various chalcogenide MOFs operating in the mid-IR range have been elaborated in order to associate the high nonlinear properties of these glasses and the original MOF properties. Different glass compositions and different designs have been achieved depending on the intended application. Indeed, chalcogenide MOFs might lead to new devices with unique optical properties in the Mid-IR domain like multimode or endlessly single mode transmission of light, small or large mode area fibers, non-linear properties for wavelength conversion or generation of supercontinuum sources. In the 1-12 µm window, single mode fibers, polarization maintaining fibers and exposed core fibers have been realized for Gaussian beams propagation and sensors applications. In this context, different applications such as Brillouin laser, all optical demultiplexing, mid-IR supercontinuum generation, quantum cascade laser pigtailing and mid-IR spectroscopy will be exposed.

Published
2017

12. Dysprosium-doped chalcogenide Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) for Mid-IR emission

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Giuseppe Palma, Johann Troles, Francesco Prudenzano, Virginie Nazabal, Maurizio Ferrari, Stefano Taccheo, Mario Christian Falconi, Florent Starecki, Politecnico di Bari, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit e della Ricerca [PON01 01224, PONa3 00298, PON02 00576 3329762], EU COST Action [MP1401], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, Chalcogenide glass, Physics::Optics, electromagnetic analysis, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Optical pumping, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Electromagnetic analysis, dysprosium, laser, optical fiber amplifiers, chalcogenide glass, medium infrared, MOPA, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), law, Fiber laser, dysprosium, laser, medium infrared, MOPA, optical fiber amplifiers, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Optical amplifier, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Optoelectronics, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

The paper describes the design of a medium infrared fiber laser based on a dysprosium-doped chalcogenide glass $\text{Dy}^{3+}: \text{Ga}_{5}\text{Ge}_{20}\text{Sb}_{10}\text{S}_{65}$ . To obtain a high efficiency, the fiber laser is followed by an optical amplifier. The optimized optical source exploits a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. The MOPA pump and signal wavelengths are 1709 and 4384 nm, respectively. Spectroscopic parameters measured on preliminary samples of chalcogenide glasses are taken into account to fulfill realistic simulations. The MOPA emission is maximized by applying a particle swarm optimization approach. For the dysprosium concentration ${\text{6}}\, \times\, {\text{10}}^{25}$ ions/ $\text{m}^{3}$ and the input pump power of 3 W, an output power of 637 mW can be obtained for optical fiber losses close to 1 dB $\text{m}^{-1}$ . The optimized MOPA configuration allows a laser efficiency larger than 21%. By considering the high beam quality provided by photonic crystal fibers, it is a good candidate for medium infrared light generation whose main applications include, but are not limited to, molecular spectroscopy and environmental monitoring.

Published
2017

13. Photonic Bandgap Propagation in All-Solid Chalcogenide Microstructured Optical Fibers

Author

Laurent Calvez, David Mechin, Celine Caillaud, Jean-Luc Adam, Johann Troles, Laurent Brilland, Gilles Renversez, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATHENA (ATHENA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Télécom Recherche & Développement (FT R&D), France Télécom, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
photonic bandgap fibers, Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, Physics::Optics, lcsh:Technology, Article, law.invention, Matrix (mathematics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, law, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], chalcogenide glasses, infrared fibers, microstructured optical fibers (MOFs), lcsh:QH201-278.5, business.industry, lcsh:T, Microstructured optical fiber, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Transmission (telecommunications), chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, business, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Refractive index, lcsh:TK1-9971, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; An original way to obtain fibers with special chromatic dispersion and single-​mode behavior is to consider microstructured optical fibers (MOFs)​. These fibers present unique optical properties thanks to the high degree of freedom in the design of their geometrical structure. In this study, the first all-​solid all-​chalcogenide MOFs exhibiting photonic bandgap transmission have been achieved and optically characterized. The fibers are made of an As38Se62 matrix, with inclusions of Te20As30Se50 glass that shows a higher refractive index (n = 2.9)​. In those fibers, several transmission bands have been obsd. in mid IR depending on the geometry. In addn., for the first time, propagation by photonic bandgap effect in an all-​chalcogenide MOF has been obsd. at 3.39 μm, 9.3 μm, and 10.6 μm. The numerical simulations based on the optogeometric properties of the fibers agree well with the exptl. characterizations.

Published
2014

14. Luminescence at 2.8 μm: Er3+-doped chalcogenide micro-waveguide

Author

J.L. Doualan, Jean-Luc Adam, Virginie Nazabal, Loïc Bodiou, Petr Němec, Florent Starecki, Hervé Lhermite, Marie-Laure Anne, Joël Charrier, Patrice Camy, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique, 16-17921S, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Materials science, Photoluminescence, Chalcogenide, Thin films, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Inorganic Chemistry, Erbium, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amorphous materials, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thin film, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rare-earth doped materials, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Doping, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry, integrated optics, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, business
Abstract

This paper reports the fabrication of luminescent optical rib/ridge waveguides made of erbium doped Ga-Ge-Sb-S films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Several fluorescence emissions of Er 3+ ions from the visible to the middle infrared spectral domain were clearly observed within the films. The study of the 4 I 13/2 level lifetime enabled development of a suitable annealing treatment of the films to reach the value of the bulk counterpart while the variation in surface roughness was limited, thus ensuring reasonable optical losses (0.7–0.9 dB/cm). Amplification experiments were carried out at 1.54 μm leading to complete characterization of the erbium-doped micro-waveguide with ∼3.4 dB/cm on/off gain. A demonstration of mid-IR photoluminescence from Er 3+ -doped chalcogenide micro-waveguide was recorded at ∼2.76 μm. The multi-luminescence from the visible to mid-IR generated using erbium doped chalcogenide waveguiding micro-structures might find easy-to-use applications concerning telecommunication technologies or on-chip optical sensors for which luminescent sources or amplifiers operating at different wavelengths are required.

Published
2016

15. Original designs of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers for mid-IR applications

Author

Mickael Brun, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Celine Caillaud, Johann Troles, Mathieu Carras, Laurent Provino, Clement Gilles, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Supercontinuum sources, Single mode fibers, Materials science, Optical fiber, Geometrical structure, Chalcogenide, Infrared fibers, Physics::Optics, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, 01 natural sciences, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Transparent optical networks, Micro-structured optical fibers, Fiber optic networks, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Optical fibers, Microstructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, High Degree of Freedom, Highly birefringent fiber, Optical properties, business.industry, Microstructured optical fiber, Multimode fibers, Supercontinuum, Fibers, Endlessly single modes, chemistry, Light transmission, Optoelectronics, Glass, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber, Chalcogenides
Abstract

Compared to oxide based glasses, vitreous materials composed of chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te) show large transparency windows in the infrared. Indeed, chalcogenide glasses can be transparent from the visible up to 12 – 18 µm, depending on their compositions. In addition, chalcogenide glasses contain large polarisable atoms and external lone electron pairs which induce exceptional non-linear properties. Consequently, the non-linear properties can be 100 or 1000 times as high as the non-linearity of silica. An original way to obtain single-mode fibers is to design microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). These fibers present unique optical properties thanks to the high degree of freedom in the design of their geometrical structure. Our group has prepared various chalcogenide MOFs operating in the IR range in order to associate the high non-linear properties of these glasses and the original MOF properties. Indeed, chalcogenide MOFs might lead to new devices with unique optical properties in the mid-infrared domain like multimode or endlessly single-mode transmission of light, small or large mode area fibers, highly birefringent fibers and non-linear properties for wavelength conversion or generation of supercontinuum sources.

Published
2016

16. Challenges and Future Trends in Fiber Lasers

Author

A. Klotzbach, Peter Hartmann, Angela B. Seddon, Francesco Prudenzano, Hovik V. Baghdasaryan, Daniela Comelli, Kay Schuster, Stefano Taccheo, Gianluca Valentini, Cosimo D'Andrea, Antonio Lucianetti, Jean-Luc Adam, Christopher Taudt, Mile Ivanda, Slawomir Sujecki, Tobias Baselt, M Jaeger, Marian Marciniak, J. Troles, Dominik Dorosz, Mariano Ferrari, Alessandro Chiasera, Pavel Peterka, Hrvoje Gebavi, Virginie Nazabal, National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Politecnico di Bari, Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (UFE / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), National Institute of Telecommunications - Warsaw, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Computer science, Fiber lasers, mid-infrared lasers, modelling, soft-glasses, supercontinuum sources, visible laser, Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optical communication, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, nm, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, mu-m, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, tissues, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Flexibility (engineering), business.industry, Amplifier, Near-infrared spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, optical-properties, Wavelength, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Fiber lasers are a fast growing class of lasers due to their reliability, efficiency and flexibility. This has made fiber lasers a versatile tool for manufacturing, sensing and healthcare, not forgetting the contribution of Erbium-doped amplifiers to optical communications. Yet available wavelengths by direct emission are quite restricted to the visible and near infrared wavelength interval (500 nm to 2 micron), with very few offering high power and efficient operation, namely 1 micron, 1.5 micron and 2 micron wavelengths. In this paper we comment on the state of the art and future challenges in the field of fiber lasers to address new wavelength and new applications. In particular to extended the emission interval above 3 micron. This work collects the experience of the COST MP1401 Network on fiber lasers and their application and will present some of the areas were efforts have been focused. More exhaustive material will be presented at the conference.

Published
2016

17. Highly birefringent chalcogenide optical fiber for polarization-maintaining in the 3-8.5 µm mid-IR window

Author

Mickael Brun, Mathieu Carras, Jean-Luc Adam, Johann Troles, Laurent Brilland, Thierry Jouan, Simon Ferré, David Mechin, Laurent Provino, Celine Caillaud, Clement Gilles, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Microstructured optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Dispersion-shifted fiber, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business, Plastic optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; A highly birefringent polarization-maintaining chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) covering the 3-8.5 µm wavelength range has been realized for the first time. The fiber cross-section consists of 3 rings of circular air holes with 2 larger holes adjacent to the core. Birefringence properties are calculated by using the vector finite-element method and are compared to the experimental ones. The group birefringence is 1.5x10−3 and fiber losses are equal to 0.8 dB/m at 7.55 µm.

Published
2016

18. Novel pumping schemes of Mid-IR photonic crystal fiber lasers for aerospace applications

Author

Mario Christian Falconi, Virginie Nazabal, Florent Starecki, Giuseppe Palma, Stefano Taccheo, Jean-Luc Adam, J. Troles, M. Ferrari, Francesco Prudenzano, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Bari, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chalcogenide glass, laser, mid-infrared source, rare earth, Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optical fiber, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Pumping (laser), 7. Clean energy, Dysprosium compounds, law.invention, Fiber lasers, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Fiber optic networks, law, Satellite remote sensing, Rare earths, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Its efficiencies, Dysprosium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Optical amplifier, Germanium, Remote sensing, Spectroscopic parameters, Molecular spectroscopy, Photonic crystal fibers, Rare-earth doped glass, Chalcogenide glass, Optoelectronics, Photonic-crystal fiber, Environmental Monitoring, Single mode fibers, Materials science, Coupled mode theory, Aerospace applications, Light amplifiers, Double-clad fiber, Optics, Transparent optical networks, Fiber laser, Electronic, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Light sources, business.industry, Lasers, Crystal whiskers, Laser, Optical waveguides, Mid-infrared sources, 13. Climate action, Glass, Photonics, business, Chalcogenides
Abstract

The paper illustrates the design of two pumping schemes for Mid-IR lasers based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) made of dysprosium doped chalcogenide glass Dy3+:Ga 5 Ge 20 Sb 10 S 65 . The simulation is performed by taking into account the spectroscopic parameters measured on the rare earth-doped glass sample in order to perform a realistic feasibility investigation. The first pump scheme provides an optical beam emission close to 4400 nm wavelength by employing two pump beams at the wavelengths close to 2800 nm and 4100 nm, respectively. The second pump scheme allows beam emission close to 4400 nm wavelength via a 1700 nm pump, its efficiency is increased by including a suitable optical amplifier after the laser cavity. The proposed light sources based on chalcogenide glass photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) doped with Dy3+ ions are investigated via a home-made numerical model based on the coupled mode theory and solving the rare earth rate equations. A number of promising applications in different areas such as satellite remote sensing and aerospace, biology, molecular spectroscopy and environmental monitoring are feasible.

Published
2016

19. Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition for Near- and Mid-Infrared Applications: A Comparative Study of Ge25Sb10S65 and Ge25Sb10Se65 Amorphous Thin Films

Author

Hervé Lhermite, Marie-Laure Brandily-Anne, Jean-Luc Adam, Alain Moréac, Jean-Pierre Guin, Virginie Nazabal, Frédéric Charpentier, Joël Charrier, and Petr Nemec

Subjects
Marketing, Materials science, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Amorphous solid, Pulsed laser deposition, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbon film, chemistry, Sputtering, Selenide, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, Thin film, Reactive-ion etching, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The deposition of Ge25Sb10S65 and Ge25Sb10Se65 amorphous chalcogenide thin films was performed by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition technique. The deposited layers were characterized by studying their morphology, topography, chemical composition, structure, and optical functions permitting a direct comparison of two deposition methods for obtaining attractive amorphous chalcogenide films. Reactive ion etching was then used to pattern rib/ridge waveguides in sulfide and selenide films with low surface roughness, vertical sidewalls, and reasonable etching rate. Optical losses of fabricated waveguides were measured at 1550 nm with values better than 1 dB/cm obtained for sulfide/selenide films deposited by both techniques.

Published
2011

20. Fabrication of highly homogeneous As2Se3 glass under argon flow

Author

Hongli Ma, Xianghua Zhang, Erwan Guillevic, Hugues Tariel, Jacques Lucas, Jean-Luc Adam, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMICORE, Umicore IR Glass, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Controlled atmosphere, Fabrication, As2Se3, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Annealing (glass), 010309 optics, Synthesis, 42.70.Km, 42.70.Ce, Optics, Differential scanning calorimetry, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 81.05.Kf, Composite material, Moisture, business.industry, Magnesium, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Glass, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract

International audience; The present study relates to a new method for the synthesis of As2Se3 glass in a controlled atmosphere. The advantage of this technique is that it does not require sealing of the silica reaction container and therefore makes it likely to substitute the current industrial batch by batch synthesis which actually needs very expensive single-use sealed silica vessels. An experimental device has been developed for these purposes. It is equipped with a stirring mechanism to homogenize the molten bath. In order to avoid contamination by oxygen and moisture, the synthesis is carried out under argon flow (pressure of 1 bar). Material losses during synthesis can be reduced to less than 2% when temperature is progressively increased up to 430 °C. Bulk glass ingots are finally obtained according to a two-step annealing process. Their chemical composition is analyzed by EDS and shows a variation range of less than 0.2%. The excellent reproducibility of the given method is also confirmed by the refractive indexes, that do not differ for more than 1 * 10−3 from one another. Adverse absorption bands due to oxygen do not occur in the 8-12 μm spectral region when 1000 ppm of Mg is added. As no distilling operation has been carried out until now, the magnesium oxide partially keeps staying in the glass and leads to scattering losses at short wavelengths.

Published
2011

21. Preparation of optical fibers based on Ge–Sb–S glass system

Author

L.A. Ketkova, Jean-Luc Adam, Vladimir Shiryaev, A. A. Sibirkin, Johann Troles, M. F. Churbanov, and Patrick Houizot

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Chalcogenide glass, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Optics, law, Impurity, Fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composite material, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Spectroscopy, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

Unclad optical fibers based on Ge–Sb–S glass systems were prepared by preform drawing. It was shown that optical losses in fibers depend on the content of limiting impurities in glass. The correlation between the level of optical losses in fibers and the content of gas-forming dissolved impurities and heterophase inclusions in glasses was established. The minimum optical losses were equal to 300 dB/km at 5.35 μm wavelength in fiber from Ge 25 Sb 10.5 S 64.5 glass prepared using chemical-distillation melt purification.

Published
2009

22. Chalcogenide fibers for infrared photonics: Recent developments

Author

Viriginie Nazabal, Catherine Boussard, Johann Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, Bruno Bureau, and Laurent Brilland

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Infrared, Chalcogenide, Oxide, Physics::Optics, Chalcogenide glass, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Chalcogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Light emission, Photonics, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

Compared to oxide based glasses, vitreous materials composed of chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te) show large transparency windows in the infrared. Indeed, chalcogenide glasses can be transparent from the visible up to 12 – 15 µm, depending on their compositions. This is due to the lower phonon energies of chalcogenides, which are also responsible for enhanced luminescence of rare-earth ions embedded in such matrices. Thus, sulphide glasses, for instance, allow light emission at wavelengths not accessible with silica. In addition, chalcogenide glasses contain large polarisable atoms and external lone electron pairs which induce exceptional non-linear properties. Consequently, the non-linear properties can be 100 or 1000 times as high as the non-linearity of silica. The presentation deals with the latest results in terms of optical properties and applications of chalcogenide glass fibers, including photonic crystal fibers and fibers for optical sensors. 1

Published
2015

23. Optimization of Mid-IR microstructured fiber laser based on dysprosium doped chalcogenide glass

Author

Virginie Nazabal, Giuseppe Palma, Radwan Chahal, Mario Christian Falconi, Francesco Prudenzano, J. Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, W. Scarcia, and Florent Starecki

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Infrared, chemistry.chemical_element, Chalcogenide glass, Microstructured optical fiber, Laser, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Dysprosium, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

The paper illustrates the design and the optimization of a medium infrared (Mid-IR) microstructured fiber laser based on dysprosium doped chalcogenide glass, Dy3+:Ga 5 Ge 20 Sb 10 S 65 . The investigation is performed realistically, by taking into account the spectroscopic parameters measured on samples of the aforesaid glasses. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of optical beam generation close to 4.4 µm wavelength. An output power of 107.2 mW with an input pump power of 1 W is calculated. This result indicates that the designed laser configuration can lead to a feasible medium infrared source which could find application in optical free propagation, biomedicine and sensing.

Published
2015

24. Development of optical fibers for mid-infrared sensing: state of the art and recent achievements

Author

Patrice Camy, Virginie Nazabal, Alain Braud, Bruno Bureau, Jean-Louis Doualan, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Johann Troles, Hugues Tariel, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Lionel Quetel, and Pierre Lucas

Subjects
Optical fiber, business.industry, Glass fiber, Chalcogenide glass, chemistry.chemical_element, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, Absorption band, Selenide, Fiber, business, Tellurium, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Chalcogenide glass fibers are matchless devices to collect mi-infrared signal. Depending on the spectroscopic strategy, different kind of optical fibers have been developed during the past 10 years. The first fibers have been fabricated from selenide glasses to implement Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). It is an efficient way to collect optical spectra in situ, in real time and even, in the future, in vivo. Thanks to selenide glass fibers, it is possible to record such spectra on the mid-infrared range from 2 to 11 μm. This working window gives access to the fundamental vibration band of most of biological molecules and numerous multi-disciplinary works have been led in biology and medicine. New glasses, only based on tellurium, have been recently developed, initially in the frame of the Darwin mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA). These glasses transmit light further toward the farinfrared and permit to reach the absorption band of CO2 located at 15 μm as requested by the ESA. Moreover, these telluride glass fiber are also very interesting for FEWS and medical application. Indeed, they give access to the mid-infrared signal of biomolecules beyond 11 μm, where classical selenide glass fibers are blind. Alternatively, in order to fight against global warning, some optical fibers have been developed for the monitoring of the CO2 stored into geological storage area underground. These fibers were doped with Dy3+ which emits a broad fluorescent band embedding the CO2 absorption band at 4.3 μm. thus, these fibers are used both to transmit light and as secondary sources in the mid-infrared. To conclude, original microstructurated fibers have also been used for mid-infrared sensing. They exhibit a nice sensitivity compared to classical chalcogenide glass fibers.

Published
2015

25. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers

Author

Celine Caillaud, Johann Troles, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Gilles Renversez, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, ATHENA (ATHENA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Chalcogenide glass, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Supercontinuum, law.invention, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Signal regeneration
Abstract

Chalcogenide glasses are known for their large transparency in the mid-infrared and their high linear refractive index (>2). They present also a high non-linear coefficient (n 2 ), 100 to 1000 times larger than for silica, depending on the composition. we have developed a casting method to prepare the microstructured chalcogenide preform. This method allows optical losses as low as 0.4 dB/m at 1.55 µm and less than 0.05 dB/m in the mid IR. Various chalcogenide MOFs operating in the IR range has been fabricated in order to associate the high non-linear properties of these glasses and the original MOF properties. For example, small core fibers have been drawn to enhance the non linearities for telecom applications such as signal regeneration and generation of supercontinuum sources. On another hand, in the 3-12 µm window, single mode fibers and exposed core fibers have been realized for Gaussian beams propagation and sensors applications respectively.

Published
2015

26. Design of mid-IR microstructured fiber light source based on dysprosium doped chalcogenide glass

Author

Francesco Prudenzano, Jean-Luc Adam, Florent Starecki, Giuseppe Palma, Virginie Nazabal, J. Troles, Radwan Chahal, and Mario Christian Falconi

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, particle swarm optimization, business.industry, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, Microstructured optical fiber, Waveguide (optics), Graded-index fiber, law.invention, laser, medium infrared, Optics, law, Fiber optic sensor, Chalcogenide glass, Optoelectronics, dysprosium, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Plastic optical fiber, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

The paper deals with the design of a medium infrared (Mid-IR) light source based on a microstructured fiber made of dysprosium doped chalcogenide glass, Dy3+:Ga5Ge20Sb10S65. It is constituted by the cascade of a laser cavity and an optical amplifier which could be fabricated in the same microstructured fiber. In order to obtain realistic results, the simulation is performed by taking into account the spectroscopic parameters directly measured on preliminary samples of Dy3+:Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 glasses. The main objective is to investigate the feasibility of optical beam emission close to 4.4 µm wavelength. An output power of 547.3 mW with an input pump power of 3 W is calculated for an optical fiber about 1.5 m long and with a dopant concentration close to 6 × 1025 ions/m3. This result indicates that the designed source configuration is feasible for medium infrared light generation and it could find application in optical free propagation link, optical remote sensing and biomedicine.

Published
2015

27. Formation and Properties of Chalcogenide Glasses in the GeSe2-As2Se3-CdSe System

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Chen Guorong, Zhang Xianghua, Xia Fang, MA Hong-li, and Zhao Donghui

Subjects
Diffraction, Ternary numeral system, business.industry, Chemistry, Chalcogenide, Analytical chemistry, Activation energy, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Differential scanning calorimetry, law, X-ray crystallography, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Thermal stability, Crystallization, business
Abstract

The glass-forming region in a GeSe2–As2Se3–CdSe system and the dependence of properties on glass compositions as a formula of 70GeSe2–(30−x)As2Se3–xCdSe (x=0–25) were investigated. Measurements included density, micro-hardness, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, and IR transmission spectra. A large glass-forming region was shown while addition of Cd increases the crystallization trend of the system. Besides, the Cd content accommodated by the system to form glass is found to be lower in the As2Se3-rich region than in the GeSe2-rich region. With the introduction of CdSe, density, micro-hardness, and Tg of glasses increase whereas an exothermal peak in the DSC curve appears and thermal stability (ΔT) decreases. The activation energy of crystallization and the Avrami exponent were also obtained using the modified Ozawa equation.

Published
2005

28. Recent advances in chalcogenide glasses

Author

Joseph H. Simmons, Jean-Luc Adam, Johann Troles, Jacques Lucas, Xianghua Zhang, Frédéric Smektala, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Pierre Lucas, Hongli Ma, Bruno Bureau, Mark R. Riley, David Le Coq, Laboratoire Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona Materials Laboratory (AML), University of Arizona, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Phonon, Infrared, Chalcogenide, Physics::Optics, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Biomolecule, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Signal regeneration
Abstract

Compared to oxide-based glasses, vitreous materials involving chalcogens form a rather new family of glasses which have received attention, mainly because of their transmission in the mid-infrared. Indeed as low phonon compounds, these heavy-anion glasses allow the fabrication of molded optics for infrared cameras as well as infrared fibers operating in a large spectral range. These waveguides, when correctly tapered, allows the development of a new generation of sensitive evanescent-wave optical sensors which have been used for biomedical applications. Here we will focus on the spectral analysis of biomolecules present in human lung cells by measuring their infrared signatures. Because they contain heavy polarizable anions as well as lone-pair electrons, these glasses exhibit very large non-linear properties compared to silica and are candidates for fast optical switching and signal regeneration in telecom. Due to the technological interest in chalcogenide glasses, more information is needed on their structural organization and 77Se NMR spectroscopy appears to be a useful tool for checking the local environment of the Se atoms.

Published
2004

29. Monitoring of pollutant in waste water by infrared spectroscopy using chalcogenide glass optical fibers

Author

T. Baumann, Bruno Bureau, K. Staubmann, Jean-Luc Adam, Karine Michel, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, and Thierry Jouan

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Infrared, Metals and Alloys, Chalcogenide glass, Infrared spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Optics, law, Materials Chemistry, Fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Infrared optical fibers based on chalcogenide glass are used as sensor for the determination of volatile organic pollutants in groundwater. The system work following the fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy principle, so-called fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS). It was tested in situ, in real time, under real-world conditions. The measurement set-up consisted of a FTIR spectrometer (BRUKER V22), coupled with the fiber (about 2 m), and a cooled mercury–cadmium–telluride detector. A special kit provided by Bruker was connected on the spectrometer to focus the infrared beam from the black body at the entry of the fiber. Some preliminary pilot scale tests, led in an artificial aquifer, show that the fiber permits access to the absorption line positions in a wide range from 4000 to 800 cm−1. Moreover, it is shown that the original design of the fiber enables detection of weak concentrations of pollutants down to 1 ppm of C2Cl4. Then the experiments in “real-world” conditions are carried out after having applied a proper protection on the fibers. A comparison with the chemical analysis data shows that the optical fibers enable to follow the evolution of pollutant rates in water versus time. Finally, this work is promising in view of installing some permanent checking devices into wells to control the rate of pollutants in groundwater of landfill.

Published
2004

30. Frequency modulation spectroscopy of erbium–cerium codoped fluoride glasses for optical amplifiers

Author

H. Haquin, Stephan Guy, C. Duverger, M. Rabarot, Jean-Luc Adam, I. Vasilief, Gilles Fonteneau, Y. Gao, Laurent Fulbert, Maurice Couchaud, Brigitte Boulard, and B. Jacquier

Subjects
Optical amplifier, Materials science, Optical glass, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photon upconversion, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Inorganic Chemistry, Erbium, Cerium, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Frequency modulation spectroscopy, business, Fluoride, Spectroscopy
Abstract

We report frequency modulation spectroscopy measurements performed on erbium doped fluoride glasses: PZG (39% PbF 2 , 19% ZnF 2 , 42% GaF 3 ) and ZBAC (57% ZrF 4 , 34% BaF 2 , 5% CeF 3 , 4% AlF 3 ). For the ZBAC glass, no changes of lifetime in channel waveguides versus bulk were observed as well as no pump power dependence from 1 to 100 mW. On the contrary, for the PZG glass, the lifetime of the 4 I 13/2 level was reduced from 7 ms in bulk to 2 ms into the waveguides. In this glass, upconversion effects appear very efficient at high incident pump power.

Published
2003

31. Recent developments in ion-exchanged fluoride glass planar waveguides

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, H. Haquin, and Gilles Fonteneau

Subjects
Ion exchange, business.industry, Chemistry, Surface finish, Condensed Matter Physics, Fluoride glass, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ion, law.invention, Optics, Planar, law, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, business, Waveguide
Abstract

F/Cl ion-exchange technique is used to make planar waveguides in fluoride glass. The effects of temperature and time on the guide structure are described. The use of HF treatment to bury and chemically protect the guide, and reduce constraints on the glass surface is demonstrated. The impact of ion-exchange on the average roughness of the glass surface is shown.

Published
2003

32. Fluorine in optics

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Frédéric Smektala, and Jacques Lucas

Subjects
Magnesium fluoride, Optical amplifier, Optical fiber, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Laser, Biochemistry, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anti-reflective coating, Optics, chemistry, law, Environmental Chemistry, Light emission, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Fluoride, Refractive index
Abstract

Fluorine occupies an original and strategic position in modern optics. The F2 excimer lasers are unrivaled sources of deep UV light for semiconductors, microphotolithography and micromachining which has brought on the development of single crystal calcium fluoride optics. Due to the weak polarisability of the fluoride ion, fluoride materials have low refractive index suitable for thin film antireflective coatings specially in IR optics. Transparent magnesium fluoride ceramics, prepared by fine grains hot pressing, are transparent in the mid IR where the transparency windows of the atmosphere are located. They are used as IR domes for missiles guidance. Fluoride glasses when elaborated as optical fibers or channel waveguides and when doped with appropriate lanthanides, are original optical devices for laser operations lying from the mid IR to the UV region where light emission is characterized by up-conversion phenomena. The same devices have also found industrial applications in telecommunications as a new generation of optical amplifiers operating in the ultra-transparency window of the silica fiber.

Published
2002

33. Chalcogenide glasses for mid-IR photonic applications

Author

Radwan Chahal, Chantal Compère, Florent Colas, Petr Nemec, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, Bruno Bureau, Virginie Nazabal, Yves Garrabos, Johann Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, C. D'Amico, Razvan Stoian, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Joël Charrier, Samuel Marre, Frédéric Verger, Emmanuel Rinnert, Timothée Toury, Guillermo Martin, Emeline Baudet, Hervé Lhermite, Pierre Kern, Florent Starecki, Karine Michel, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, IFREMER ERT/IC, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique (LNIO), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Interfaces et capteurs (IC), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)

Subjects
Materials science, Chalcogenide, Infrared, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chalcogenide, Optics, Far infrared, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, mid-IR, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, chemistry.chemical_classification, photonic, business.industry, Biomolecule, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Characterization (materials science), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; The 3-15 μm range is a key region for a large number of applications in diverse areas such as biology and medicine, molecular spectroscopy, ground based and space borne environmental monitoring but also an important issue of instrumentation for astronomy and astrophysics to achieve complex but very reliable instruments. Going to the mid IR region is crucial for the observation of warm objects around 300 K and the characterization of their spectral features, considered as signatures for biological activity (e.g. water, ozone, carbon dioxide). Most infrared signatures or "fingerprints" (fundamental transitions) of organic species and biomolecules are essentially located in this spectral window. Thus, infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for detecting and determining the composition of complex samples; it is simple, reliable, fast, cost-efficient and non-destructive method. Then, it is crucial to be able to work at the extension toward thermal IR waveguides, where chalcogenide glasses provide promising properties, specifically their extended optical transmission window from the visible to the far infrared (up to 20 μm)

Published
2014

34. Optical Aging of Chalcogenide Microstructured Optical Fibers

Author

Johann Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, chemistry.chemical_element, Chalcogenide glass, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Attenuation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, Absorption band, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The evolution with time of optical transmission of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers has been studied. Microstructured optical fibers with “grapefruit” geometry (six holes) have been prepared from four glass compositions (Te20As30Se50, As38Se62, Ge10As22Se68, and As40S60). Optical aging has been investigated by means of attenuation measurements carried out for each fiber. Fibers were stored in air between measurements. Transmission spectra show absorption bands due to O-H bonds and molecular water. Aging kinetics vary with glass compositions. For As40S60 glass, the O-H absorption band appears 2 h after the drawing step, while for Te20As30Se50 glass that band is observed after an aging period as long as 21 months.

Published
2014

35. Chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers for chemical sensing

Author

Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Johann Troles, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Bruno Bureau, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
All-silica fiber, PHOSFOS, Materials science, Optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Biological and chemical sensing, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Optical fibers, Fiber, business.industry, Glasses, Microstructured optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Structured optical fibers, Photonic crystal fibers, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber, Chalcogenides
Abstract

International audience; Chalcogenide glasses are known for their transparency in the infrared optical range and their ability to be drawn as fibers. Such optical fibers can transmit light from 2 to 20 μm depending on the composition of the glass constituting the fiber. They are consequently good candidates to be used in biological/chemical sensing. Different types of fiber can be used: single index fibers or microstructured fibers. Besides, a new configuration of microstructured fibers has been developed: microstructured exposed-core fibers. This design consists of an optical fiber with a suspended micron-scale core that is partially exposed to the external environment.

Published
2014

36. Chalcogenide optical fibers for mid-​infrared sensing

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Radwan Chahal, Jean-Louis Doualan, Olivier Loréal, Lionel Quetel, Virginie Nazabal, Patrice Camy, Valérie Monbet, Pierre Lucas, Jacques Lucas, Shuo Cui, Hugues Tariel, Bruno Bureau, Frédéric Charpentier, Marie Laure Anne, Olivier Sire, Catherine Boussard, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DIAFIR, IDIL Fibres Optiques, PME, ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, Chalcogenide glasses, Chalcogenide, Infrared fibers, Chalcogenide glass, law.invention, Food safety, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, law, Selenide, Fiber, Spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_classification, Evanescent wave spectroscopy, business.industry, Biomolecule, General Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Early diagnosis, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Wavelength, chemistry, business
Abstract

International audience; Chalcogenide glasses are a matchless material as far as mid-infrared (IR) applications are concerned. They transmit light typically from 2 to 12 μm and even as far as 20 μm depending on their composition, and numerous glass compositions can be designed for optical fibers. One of the most promising applications of these fibers consists in implementing fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy, which enables detection of the mid-IR signature of most biomolecules. The principles of fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy are recalled together with the benefit of using selenide glass to carry out this spectroscopy. Then, two large-scale studies in recent years in medicine and food safety are exposed. To conclude, the future strategy is presented. It focuses on the development of rare earth-doped fibers used as mid-IR sources on one hand and tellurium-based glasses to shift the limit of detection toward longer wavelength on the other hand.

Published
2014

37. Upconversion losses in Nd-doped fluoroarsenate glasses

Author

Joaquín Fernández, L.M. Lacha, A. Oleaga, Rolindes Balda, Mikel Sanz, Jean-Luc Adam, Eusko Jaurlaritza, and Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España)

Subjects
Energy transfer upconversion, Infrared, Chemistry, business.industry, Energy transfer, Doping, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Biochemistry, Fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photon upconversion, Ion, Optics, Excited state, business
Abstract

In this work we report the infrared to visible upconversion processes in Nd-doped fluoroarsenate glasses that produce green, orange, and red emissions together with the dynamics of the 4F3/2 state. The visible emissions can be attributed to transitions from the 4G7/2 excited state populated by energy transfer upconversion (ETU). It was found that ETU processes involving two Nd3+ ions in the 4F3/2 state reduce the energy storage capacity through the reduction of the fluorescence lifetimes of the 4F3/2 state. From the analysis of the temporal evolution of the infrared emission from the 4F3/2 state we have estimated the macroscopic ETU parameter for the samples studied., This work was supported by the Spanish Government MCYT (Ref. BFM2000-0352 and Ref. MAT2000-1135) and Basque Government (PI99/95).

Published
2001

38. Non-oxide glasses and their applications in optics

Author

Elizabeth Fontes and Jean-Luc Adam

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, business.industry, Amplifier, Oxide, Physics::Optics, Chalcogenide glass, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical species, Optics, chemistry, Fiber laser, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, business, Fluoride, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The chemical compositions, characteristic temperatures and optical transmission spectra of fluoride and chalcogenide glasses are presented. Properties of rare-earth-doped fluoride glass fiber lasers and amplifiers are given. Passive applications of chalcogenide glass fibers in the infrared are described specifically for optical sensing of chemical species.

Published
2001

39. Fluoride glass research in France: fundamentals and applications

Author

Jean-Luc Adam

Subjects
Optical amplifier, Chemistry, business.industry, Infrared, Organic Chemistry, Fluoride glass, Biochemistry, Engineering physics, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Fiber laser, Environmental Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Fluoride
Abstract

The paper reviews research activities on fluoride glasses in France over the last 10 years. Glass compositions for industrial applications as well as new glasses from academic research are presented. They include heavy-metal fluoride glasses, fluorochloride glasses and oxyfluoride glasses. Besides physico-chemical properties, special attention is paid to the optical characteristics of heavy-metal fluoride glasses. They exhibit broader infrared transparency than oxides, which results in unique optical properties and applications, especially in the fields of fiber lasers and optical amplifiers operating at wavelengths not accessible with silica.

Published
2001

40. Properties and limitations of chalcogenide films

Author

Mathieu Chauvet, Weidong Shen, G. Fanjou, Simon-Pierre Gorza, Michel Cathelinaud, Jean-Luc Adam, Georges Boudebs, Thierry Billeton, Kien Phan Huy, Virginie Nazabal, Kamil Fedus, Frédéric Charpentier, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Propriétés Optiques des Matériaux et Applications (POMA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Kerr effect, Band gap, business.industry, Chalcogenide, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, 010309 optics, Nonlinear system, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Optical coating, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 310.6860, 190.3270, 60.4670, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract

Two chalcogenide films with composition Ge25-Sb10+xS65 (x = 0, 10) and Te20As30Se50, called 2S1G and TAS, respectively, are studied. These materials have high linear and nonlinear refractive indices and present interesting photosensitive behavior toward bandgap light. Further, these chalcogenides glasses can be deposited in an amorphous thin ?lm for optical coatings or waveguides. Their properties and limitations, including their photoinduction effects, nonlinear Kerr effect, photodiffusion of silver, and aging, are discussed. © 2010 Chinese Optics Letters.

Published
2010

41. Highly efficient near-infrared quantum cutting in Ce3+/Yb3+ co-doped chalcohalide glasses

Author

Hongli Ma, Jean-Luc Adam, Bing Gao, Qiqi Yan, Xianghua Zhang, Yu Tong, Jing Ren, Guorong Chen, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No. B502), Shanghai Key Laboratory Project (08DZ2230500), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Photon, Materials science, Energy transfer, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Quantum cutting, Biophysics, Quantum yield, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Spectral line, Optics, Ce3+, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Chalcohalide glasses, business.industry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Yb3+, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Co doped, Excitation
Abstract

International audience; Near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting involving the emission of two NIR photons for each visible photon absorbed is realized from Ce3+/Yb3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses. Excitation, emission and decay spectra are measured to prove the occurrence of energy transfer (ET) from Ce3+ to Yb3+. The maximum ET efficiency obtained is as high as 82%, and the possible mechanism of ET is discussed. The directly measured and calculated quantum yield (QY) of the Yb3+ emission upon the excitation of 5d level of Ce3+ is up to 119%.

Published
2013

42. Comparison between chalcogenide glass single index and microstructured exposed-core fibers for chemical sensing

Author

Perrine Toupin, Bruno Bureau, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Johann Troles, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, French Délégation Générale pour l'Armement, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide glasses, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Plastic optical fiber, business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Sensors, Microstructured optical fiber, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber, Microstructured exposed-core fiber
Abstract

International audience; Chemical bonds of most of the molecules vibrate at a frequency corresponding to the near or mid infrared field. It is thus of a great interest to develop sensitive and portable devices for the detection of specific chemicals and biomolecules for various applications in health, environment, security and so on. A microstructured exposed-core (MEC) fiber has been elaborated for the first time. This design consists of a chalcogenide glass optical fiber with a suspended micron-scale core that is partially exposed to the external environment. This configuration has been chosen to elaborate, using the molding method, a chalcogenide fiber for chemical species detection. The sensitivity of this fiber to detect molecules such as acetone and propan-2-ol has been compared with those of single index fibers. Although evanescent wave absorption is inversely proportional to the fiber diameter, the results show that an exposed-core fiber is more sensitive than a single index fiber having a twice smaller diameter.

Published
2013

43. Optical properties of antimony-stabilised sulphide glasses doped with Dy3+ and Er3+ ions

Author

Yann Guimond, A.-M. Jurdyc, Hongli Ma, B. Jacquier, Jean-Luc Adam, and Jacques Mugnier

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Ternary numeral system, Absorption spectroscopy, Chemistry, business.industry, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols.namesake, Optics, Antimony, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, Quantum efficiency, Thermal stability, Raman spectroscopy, business
Abstract

Sulphide glasses based upon the ternary system GeGaS were stabilised by addition of antimony. Ge20Ga5Sb10S65 samples were prepared under vacuum in fused silica ampoules, melted in a rocking furnace at 1000°C and cooled to room temperature. Their thermal stability is good, indicating promise for fibre drawing. These new glasses were transparent from 0.6 to 11 μm. The 1.3 μm emission of Dy3+ could be observed because of the phonon energy of these glasses. A Judd–Ofelt analysis was conducted, and the 1.3 μm transition emission cross-section and quantum efficiency were calculated. The emission properties of Er3+ at 1.55 μm were also measured, especially the lifetimes at different temperatures.

Published
1999

44. Excited-state absorption at 1.3 μm in Nd3+-doped fluoride and sulfide glasses

Author

Jean-Louis Doualan, Richard Moncorgé, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Griscom, and Sylvain Girard

Subjects
Optical fiber, Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, ZBLAN, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Stimulated emission, Emission spectrum, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business, Fluoride
Abstract

Excited-state absorption (ESA) and emission spectra are recorded from the 4 F 3/2 level of Nd 3+ ions in Zr–Ba–La–Al–Na (ZBLAN) and Ba–In–Ga (BIG) fluoride glasses and in Ge–Ga–S–Cs–Cl (GGSC) chlorosulfide glass. The respective contributions of stimulated emission (SE) and ESA are determined in the 1.3 μm region, a spectral domain that corresponds to the second telecommunication window. The pump–probe technique utilized in this study predicts the gain profile as a function wavelength in optical fibers. Gain is expected at wavelengths greater than 1.31 μm with ZBLAN and BIG, and 1.35 μm with GGSC. It is shown that the relative intensities of SE and ESA processes can be evaluated with consistency by Judd–Ofelt calculations.

Published
1999

45. Pulsed laser deposited amorphous chalcogenide and alumino-silicate thin films and their multilayered structures for photonic applications

Author

Virginie Nazabal, Petr Němec, Michel Cathelinaud, Mathieu Allix, Joël Charrier, S. Zhang, Jean-Luc Adam, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Ressources et Compétences Technologiques (RCT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project No. P106/11/0506) and a CNRS PICS (International Scientific Cooperation Project). The authors would like to acknowledge F.-X. Lefevre from the CRISMAT laboratory (Caen, France) for SEM imaging., Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Chalcogenide, Thin films, Chalcogenide glass, Pulsed laser deposition, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amorphous materials, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, Laser ablation, business.industry, Doping, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Multilayers, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Amorphous chalcogenide and alumino-silicate thin films were fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition technique. Prepared films were characterized in terms of their morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties. Multilayered thin film stacks for reflectors and vertical microcavities were designed for telecommunication wavelength and the window of atmosphere transparency (band II) at 1.54 μm and 4.65 μm, respectively. Bearing in mind the benefit coming from the opportunity of an efficient wavelength tuning or, conversely, to stabilize the photoinduced effects in chalcogenide films as well as to improve their mechanical properties and/or their chemical durability, several pairs of materials from pure chalcogenide layers to chalcogenide/oxide layers were investigated. Different layer stacks were fabricated in order to check the compatibility between dissimilar materials which can have a strong influence on the interface roughness, adhesion, density, and homogeneity, for instance. Three different reflector designs were formulated and tested including all-chalcogenide layers (As40Se60/Ge25Sb5S70) and mixed chalcogenide-oxide layers (As40Se60/alumino-silicate and Ga10Ge15Te75/alumino-silicate). Prepared multilayers showed good compatibility between different material pairs deposited by laser ablation despite the diversity of chemical compositions. As40Se60/alumino-silicate reflector showed the best parameters; its stop band (R > 97% at 8° off-normal incidence) has a bandwidth of ~ 100 nm and it is centered at 1490 nm. The quality of the different mirrors developed was good enough to try to obtain a microcavity structure for the 1.5 μm telecommunication wavelength made of chalcogenide layers. The microcavity structure consists of Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 (doped with 5000 ppm of Er3 +) spacer surrounded by two 10-layer As40Se60/Ge25Sb5S70 reflectors. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies showed a good periodicity, great adherence and smooth interfaces between the alternating dielectric layers confirming a suitable compatibility between the different materials.

Published
2013

46. Chalcogenide Glass Fibers for Photonic Devices

Author

Laurent Brilland, Virginie Nazabal, J. Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, Perrine Toupin, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Materials science, Chalcogenide, Infrared, Chalcogenide glass, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, 010309 optics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Photonic crystal, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chalcogenide glasses, Supercontinuum, chemistry, non-linear properties, infrared, Optoelectronics, microstructured optical fibers, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; Chalcogenide glasses are non-silica materials whose transparency extends well beyond 3 μm in the infrared. This broad infrared transparency is due to the low phonon energies of chalcogenide matrices, which contain heavy chemical elements (S, Se, Te) as compared to their oxide counterparts. Applications are directly related to these unique optical properties. Thus, chalcogenide glasses possess a high potential for applications as mid-infrared sources above 3 μm, where rare-earth-doped silica glass cannot operate. Also, chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (PCF) might lead to new devices with unique optical properties in the mid-infrared domain like multimode or endlessly single-mode transmission of light, small or large mode area fibers, non-linear properties for wavelength conversion or generation of supercontinuum sources.

Published
2013

47. Avalanche upconversion in Tm3+-doped BIGaZYTZr glass

Author

Bernard Jacquier, Stephan Guy, M.F. Joubert, C. Linares, and Jean-Luc Adam

Subjects
Absorption spectroscopy, Chemistry, business.industry, Infrared, Doping, Relaxation (NMR), Condensed Matter Physics, Photon upconversion, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, Optics, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics, business, Excitation
Abstract

Intense blue fluorescence is observed in a Tm3+-doped BIGaZYTZr fluoride glass after single wavelength red or infrared CW pumping. Dynamics and power dependences of both1G4 and1D2 fluorescences under 648.7 nm excitation reveal a photon avalanche mechanism in the 3 mol% doped sample. Selective pulsed excitation indicate an almost purely radiative relaxation at low concentration in agreement with Judd-Ofelt calculations. At higher concentration, cross-relaxation energy transfer and excited state absorption mechanism compete to feed the1G4 and1D2 levels. The concentration, temperature and time dependences of these fluorescences are investigated.

Published
1995

48. Development of Praseodymium doped fluoride waveguide

Author

Jean-Luc Adam, Mélinda Olivier, Hervé Lhermite, Patrice Camy, Virginie Nazabal, Jean-Louis Doualan, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SCR Verres et Céramiques, IETR Capteurs intégrés (CI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Materials science, Praseodymium, Ionic bonding, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Refractive index profile, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Solid-state laser, law, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business.industry, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index, Fluoride, Waveguide
Abstract

International audience; We report on the study of praseodymium doped ZBLA channel waveguides obtained by ionic exchange. Fluorozirconate glasses synthesis, photolithography process and ionic exchange are studied. Chemical characterizations are performed on waveguides, as well as refractive index profile. Spectroscopic measurement and emission cross section calculation are also reported. These results show the ability of rare earth doped fluoride glasses channel waveguide to serve as active materials for integrated solid state laser sources.

Published
2012

49. Low-loss mid-IR microstructured optical fibers

Author

Johann Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, and Laurent Brilland

Subjects
Optical fiber, business.industry, Chalcogenide, High-refractive-index polymer, Single-mode optical fiber, law.invention, Supercontinuum, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, business, Refractive index, Signal regeneration, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

Chalcogenide glasses are known for their large transparency in the mid-infrared and their high refractive index (>2). They present also a high non-linear coefficient (n2), 100 to 1000 times larger than for silica, depending on the composition. An original way to obtain single-mode fibers is to design microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). These fibers present unique optical properties thanks to the high degree of freedom in the design of their geometrical structure. A classical method to realize MOFs is the stack-and-draw technique. However, with chalcogenide glasses, that technique induces optical losses at the interfaces in the stack of capillaries. In consequence, we have developed a new casting method to fabricate the chalcogenide preform. This method permits to obtain optical losses less than 1 dB/m at 1.55 μm and 0.1 dB/m in the mid-IR region. Various chalcogenide microstructured fibers working in the IR range were prepared in order to take advantage of the non-linear properties of these glasses and of the original MOF properties. For example, fibers with small effective mode area (Aeff

Published
2012

50. Active fluoride glass optical waveguides for laser sources

Author

Frédéric Smektala, Jean-Luc Adam, and Jacques Lucas

Subjects
Fabrication, Optical fiber, genetic structures, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Waveguide (optics), law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Planar, Optics, law, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, business.industry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Laser, eye diseases, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, Optoelectronics, sense organs, business, Fluoride, Lasing threshold
Abstract

Fluoride glasses involved in the realization of laser sources are described. Observed lasing wavelengths, which range from the blue to the mid infrared in fluoride glass optical fibers are reviewed. Also, recent results on planar waveguides, including fabrication and optical properties, are presented.

Published
1994

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