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Qudong Lu,1 Yang Yang,1 Hengshuai Zhang,1 Cheng Chen,2 Jiang Zhao,1 Zhenxing Yang,1 Yi Fan,1 Longkun Li,1 Huan Feng,1 Jingzhen Zhu,1 Shanhong Yi1 1Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Burns, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jingzhen Zhu; Shanhong YiDepartment of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 23-68774453Email zhujz1114@163.com; 2644057844@qq.comPurpose: Hyperalgesia and bladder overactivity are two main symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Cannabinoid receptors participate in the modulation of pain and bladder function. GPR18, a member of the cannabinoid receptor family, also participates in the regulation of pain and bladder function, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this work, we sought to study the role of GPR18 in IC/BPS.Methods: A rat model of IC/BPS was established with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) measurement and cystometry were used to evaluate pain and bladder function, respectively. RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression and distribution of GPR18. The role of GPR18 in pain and bladder function was studied by intrathecal injection of resolvin D2 (RvD2, a GPR18 agonist) and O-1918 (a GPR18 antagonist). Calcium imaging was used to study the relationship between GPR18 and TRPV1.Results: A rat model of IC/BPS, which exhibited a decreased PWT and micturition interval, was successfully established with CYP. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR18 was reduced in the bladder and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats with CYP-induced cystitis. Intrathecal injection of RvD2 increased the PWT and micturition interval. However, O-1918 blocked the therapeutic effect of RvD2. GPR18 was present in bladder afferent nerves and colocalized with TRPV1 in DRG, and RvD2 decreased capsaicin-induced calcium influx in DRG.Conclusion: Activation of GPR18 by RvD2 alleviated hyperalgesia and improved bladder function, possibly by inhibiting TRPV1 in rats with CYP-induced cystitis.Keywords: interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, GPR18, TRPV1, hyperalgesia, bladder overactivity, resolvin D2, O-1918

Background Experimental and observational research suggests that combined epidural–general anesthesia may improve long-term survival after cancer surgery by reducing anesthetic and opioid consumption and by blunting surgery-related inflammation. This study therefore tested the primary hypothesis that combined epidural–general anesthesia improves long-term survival in elderly patients. Methods This article presents a long-term follow-up of patients enrolled in a previous trial conducted at five hospitals. Patients aged 60 to 90 yr and scheduled for major noncardiac thoracic and abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned to either combined epidural–general anesthesia with postoperative epidural analgesia or general anesthesia alone with postoperative intravenous analgesia. The primary outcome was overall postoperative survival. Secondary outcomes included cancer-specific, recurrence-free, and event-free survival. Results Among 1,802 patients who were enrolled and randomized in the underlying trial, 1,712 were included in the long-term analysis; 92% had surgery for cancer. The median follow-up duration was 66 months (interquartile range, 61 to 80). Among patients assigned to combined epidural–general anesthesia, 355 of 853 (42%) died compared with 326 of 859 (38%) deaths in patients assigned to general anesthesia alone: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.24; P = 0.408. Cancer-specific survival was similar with combined epidural–general anesthesia (327 of 853 [38%]) and general anesthesia alone (292 of 859 [34%]): adjusted hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.28; P = 0.290. Recurrence-free survival was 401 of 853 [47%] for patients who had combined epidural–general anesthesia versus 389 of 859 [45%] with general anesthesia alone: adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.12; P = 0.692. Event-free survival was 466 of 853 [55%] in patients who had combined epidural–general anesthesia versus 450 of 859 [52%] for general anesthesia alone: adjusted hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.12; P = 0.815. Conclusions In elderly patients having major thoracic and abdominal surgery, combined epidural–general anesthesia with epidural analgesia did not improve overall or cancer-specific long-term mortality. Nor did epidural analgesia improve recurrence-free survival. Either approach can therefore reasonably be selected based on patient and clinician preference. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Evidence suggests constipation precedes motor dysfunction and is the most common gastrointestinal symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist prucalopride has been approved to treat chronic constipation. Here, we reported intraperitoneal injection of prucalopride for 7 days increased dopamine and decreased dopamine turnover. Prucalopride administration improved motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrathydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse models. Prucalopride treatment also ameliorated intestinal barrier impairment and increased IL-6 release in PD model mice. However, prucalopride treatment exerted no impact on JAK2/STAT3 pathway, suggesting that prucalopride may stimulate IL-6 via JAK2/STAT3-independent pathway. In conclusion, prucalopride exerted beneficial effects in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice by attenuating the loss of dopamine, improving motor dysfunction and intestinal barrier.

Surface coating can greatly enhance the lifetime of cold extrusion die. It is a significant issue to evaluate the performance of coatings and even predict the lifetime of cold extrusion die. In this work, the titanium-based nitride coatings including TiN, TiAlN, and TiAlCrN were, respectively, deposited on the surface of high-speed steel substrate W6Mo5Cr4V2 (M2) by the physical vapor deposition technology. The hardness test, scratch test, Rockwell adhesion test, and pin-on-disc (POD) wear test were carried out aiming to investigate the performances of the three coatings including hardness, adhesion strength, and wear resistance. The results show that the TiAlCrN coating exhibits the highest hardness of 3,033 HV in comparison with TiN coating (1,222 HV) and TiAlN coating (1,916 HV), while it possesses poor adhesion strength and inferior wear resistance. Furthermore, the TiAlN coating presents the highest resistance to wear and spalling from the substrate. In addition, the Archard wear model of the coatings was solved and applied in the finite element model of cold extrusion to calculate the wear depth and lifetime of the cold extrusion dies. The results suggest that TiAlN coating is the optimal option for cold extrusion die as compared with TiAlCrN and TiN coatings. TiAlN coating can prolong the lifetime of the substrate die up to 260%.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global health emergency due to its association with severe pneumonia and relative high mortality. However, the molecular characteristics and pathological features underlying COVID-19 pneumonia remain largely unknown. To characterize molecular mechanisms underlying COVID-19 pathogenesis in the lung tissue using a proteomic approach, fresh lung tissues were obtained from newly deceased patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. After virus inactivation, a quantitative proteomic approach combined with bioinformatics analysis was used to detect proteomic changes in the SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissues. We identified significant differentially expressed proteins involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes including cellular metabolism, blood coagulation, immune response, angiogenesis, and cell microenvironment regulation. Several inflammatory factors were upregulated, which was possibly caused by the activation of NF-κB signaling. Extensive dysregulation of the lung proteome in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was discovered. Our results systematically outlined the molecular pathological features in terms of the lung response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and provided the scientific basis for the therapeutic target that is urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

An in-line microwave power detection system based on double MEMS cantilever beams is proposed in this work. It realizes the separation of power sense and power detection. A 10% coupling factor can be achieved with the double cantilever beams, and the performance of this in-line microwave power detection system based on double cantilever beams is improved compared with the single beam. The in-line microwave power detection system is designed and fabricated using GaAs MMIC process and MEMS technology. The theoretical models of cantilever beam with different structures are also established and verified. The relationship of return loss, insertion loss and coupling coefficient with the frequency and the capacitance are studied. The measurement results show the return loss is from −9.3dB to −17.7dB, and the insertion loss is from −2.9dB to −1.9dB at 9-11 GHz. The sensitivity of the in-line microwave power detection system is around 1.1 mV/W, 1.45 mV/W, 0.85 mV/W at 9, 10, 11 GHz, respectively. Therefore, this in-line type microwave power detection system can effectively detect microwave power with a high reliability.

A graphene-based flexible filter was obtained via one-step laser heating of a polyimide film. The key parameters of a laser have been confirmed by comparing simulated results and experimental data. High-frequency components of input signals were filtered out effectively for different waveforms, such as sine, rectangular, triangle and pulse waveforms. In order to study filtering performance, this paper focused on amplitude frequency curve, phase frequency curve, transient response and mechanical stability. The phase frequency curve is linear distribution, indicating that it is convenient to control phase shift. The mechanical stability of the device remains good even after 5000 bends, which is unreported in previous work. This paper demonstrated that a graphene-based flexible filter prepared by one-step laser heating has excellent performance and opens new way of thinking about flexible electronics in the future.

All-terrain crane is indispensable for hoisting land wind turbines safely. Because the lifting height, load and lateral dimension during the safe hoisting process of the wind turbine are relatively large, the special jib structure of the all-terrain crane for hoisting wind turbine safely is adopted to solve the problem of interference between the crane jib and the wind power equipment. In view of the unfavorable stress of special jib structure and wind load of special jib structure working environment. On the one hand, the overall finite element model of the all-terrain crane jib for hoisting land wind turbines is established. On the other hand, to combine with the actual load in the lifting process and study the static and nonlinear performance and mode of the boom structure. At last, the mechanical properties of the jib structure are analyzed. This research is very important to improve the safety of wind power lifting.

The driving force for using powder metallurgy (PM) mostly relies on its near net-shape ability and cost-performance ratio. The automotive application is a main market of PM industry, requiring parts with competitive mechanical or functional performance in a mass production scale. As the automobile technology transforms from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles to new energy vehicles, PM technology is undergoing significant changes in manufacturing and materials development. This review outlines the challenges and opportunities generated by the changes in the automotive technology for PM. Low-cost, high-performance and light-weight are critical aspects for future PM materials development. Therefore, the studies on PM lean-alloyed steel, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloy materials were reviewed. In addition, PM soft magnetic composite applied to new energy vehicles was discussed. Then new opportunities for advanced processing, such as metal injection molding (MIM) and additive manufacturing (AM), in automotive industry were stated. In general, the change in automotive industry raises sufficient development space for PM. While, emerging technologies require more preeminent PM materials. Iron-based parts are still the main PM products due to their mechanical performance and low cost. MIM will occupy the growing market of highly flexible and complex parts. AM opens a door for fast prototyping, great flexibility and customizing at low cost, driving weight and assembling reduction.

In this paper, we investigate the problem of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) autonomous tracking moving target with only an airborne camera sensor. We proposed a novel integrated controller framework for this problem based on multi-neural-network modules (MNNMs). In this framework, two neural networks are designed for target perception and guidance control, respectively. The deep learning method and reinforcement learning method are applied to train the integrated controller. The training result demonstrates that the integrated controller can be trained more quickly and efficiently than the end-to-end controller trained by the deep reinforcement learning method. The flight tests with the integrated controller are implemented in simulated and realistic environments, the results show that the integrated controller trained in simulation can easily be transferred to the realistic environment and achieve the UAV tracking randomly moving target, which has a faster motion velocity. The integrated controller based on the MNNMs structure has a better performance on an autonomous tracking target than the control mode that combines with a perception network and a proportional integral derivative controller.

Background Social support is an important health determinant and may affect dietary behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between perceived social support and the Chinese Diet Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) among ethnic minority groups in Southwest China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2020 among six ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province (n = 3564). Perceived social support from family, friends and significant others were measured with the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Dietary data were obtained using a 100-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire. Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS) and Diet Quality Distance (DQD) which represent inadequate, excessive and unbalanced food intake respectively were calculated to measure the compliance with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese 2016. Results One thousand four hundred ninety-six men and two thousand sixty-eight women were included. 51.2% of the subjects had moderate or high levels of inadequate intake; 21.3% had moderate or high levels of excessive intake; and 74.0% had moderate or high levels of unbalanced dietary intake. With potential confounders adjusted, support from family was negatively associated with inadequate intake, while support from friends was positively associated with inadequate and excessive intake. No significant associations were found between perceived social support from significant others and diet quality indicators. Conclusions An unbalanced diet is common among adults of the ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Social support should be taken into account in designing nutrition interventions rather than focusing solely on individuals.

In this work, the frequency doubling effect of thermoacoustic speakers is studied, and a method is analyzed to suppress the frequency doubling effect. Three cases were analyzed by superimposing the DC bias on the AC excitation: (1) DC is less than AC, (2) DC is equal to AC, (3) DC is greater than AC. We found that the frequency doubling effect can be well suppressed by superimposing a larger DC excitation on the AC excitation. The laser scribing technology was used to prepare graphene film in only one step, and the screen printing technology was used to prepare conductive electrodes. The microphone and B&amp, K system was used to record the sound pressure level and study the suppression of frequency doubling effect. Finally, the sound pressure levels with the three different kinds of excitations were measured. The measured results show that they have a good agreement with the theoretical results. The suppression effect will be better when DC amplitude is greater than AC amplitude. Therefore, this work has certain reference significance for the further study and application of thermoacoustic speakers.

Background Delirium is a common and serious postoperative complication, especially in the elderly. Epidural anesthesia may reduce delirium by improving analgesia, reducing opioid consumption, and blunting stress response to surgery. This trial therefore tested the hypothesis that combined epidural–general anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients recovering from major noncardiac surgery. Methods Patients aged 60 to 90 yr scheduled for major noncardiac thoracic or abdominal surgeries expected to last 2 h or more were enrolled. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either combined epidural–general anesthesia with postoperative epidural analgesia or general anesthesia with postoperative intravenous analgesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium, which was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit twice daily during the initial 7 postoperative days. Results Between November 2011 and May 2015, 1,802 patients were randomized to combined epidural–general anesthesia (n = 901) or general anesthesia alone (n = 901). Among these, 1,720 patients (mean age, 70 yr; 35% women) completed the study and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Delirium was significantly less common in the combined epidural–general anesthesia group (15 [1.8%] of 857 patients) than in the general anesthesia group (43 [5.0%] of 863 patients; relative risk, 0.351; 95% CI, 0.197 to 0.627; P < 0.001; number needed to treat 31). Intraoperative hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg) was more common in patients assigned to epidural anesthesia (421 [49%] vs. 288 [33%]; relative risk, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.65; P < 0.001), and more epidural patients were given vasopressors (495 [58%] vs. 387 [45%]; relative risk, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.41; P < 0.001). Conclusions Older patients randomized to combined epidural-general anesthesia for major thoracic and abdominal surgeries had one third as much delirium but 50% more hypotension. Clinicians should consider combining epidural and general anesthesia in patients at risk of postoperative delirium, and avoiding the combination in patients at risk of hypotension. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss characteristics of organic food value chain governance and policy tools that can increase the supply of good quality of agri-products. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses a national organic food supply system in China, identifying the link between an organization form with a social confidence crisis and information asymmetry as the main challenges. It develops an analytical model of the market structure of organic certification based on the contract theory, which considers the certification incentive driven by both farmers and processors. Two cases of raw milk producers and processors provide empirical data. Findings The argument which is brought forward is that product information asymmetry together with strict requirement for ensuring organic food integrity brings the organic milk value chain into a highly integrated organization pattern. A tight value chain is effective in the governance of organic food supply chain under third party certification (TPC), while a loose value chain discourages producing organic products because of transaction costs. TPC is found to be a positively correlation with a tight value chain, but it brings high organizational cost and it raises cost for consumers. Originality/value This is the first paper discussing the governance of organic food value chain in Chinese milk industry.

A novel optical sensing interface based on nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems (NOEMS) is proposed, in which the light can be coupled with quantum tunneled electrons via weak mechanical coupling. By taking optical pump power and mechanical coupling strength as varying parameters, respectively, bifurcation diagrams of three involved dynamical states of the NOEMS, i.e., optical, electrical and mechanical mode, are calculated, from which an effective coupling region for tunneled electrons and light is revealed. Self-oscillation, transient dynamics and the threshold of the NOEMS are further characterized, and it is found that the effective coupling region has a special transient time. The work sheds light in developing ultra-sensitive photon detectors using physical mechanisms rather than the conventional PN junction based.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway in knee joint synovial tissues of rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore the action mechanism of EA on RA. Twelve of the 48 SPF male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to a normal group by the random number table method. The remaining 36 rats were subjected to RA model preparation by intradermal injection of the Freund’s complete adjuvant into the right hind foot pad of each rat under sterile conditions. After the model was successfully prepared, rats were then divided into a model group, a drug group and an EA group according to a random number table method (n=12). Rats in the drug group were treated with 2 mL aqueous solution of tripterygium glycosides [8.1 mg/(kg·bw)]; rats in the EA group were treated with EA at bilateral Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zusanli (ST 36), for 30 min each time; rats in the normal group and the model group were placed in a special rat fixation tank for 30 min each time, and received the same dose of normal saline as those in the drug group. Rats in all groups received intervention once a day for 4 weeks. Diameter of rat ankle joint and rat arthritis index were measured before and after the intervention. At the end of the experiment, the expressions of phospho-JAK2 and phospho-STAT3 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect JAK2 and STAT3 mRNAs expressions. After the model was produced, the arthritis index 0.01); immunohistochemical staining cells with phospho-JAK2 and phospho-STAT3 were significantly decreased (all P>0.01); the expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 mRNAs were decreased with statistical differences (all P>0.01). There were no significant differences between the EA group and the drug group (all P

The radial rib deployable antenna is critical for Chang’e-4 relay satellite. The antenna can be stowed for launch and precisely deploy on the orbit. The deployment of the mechanism, the on-orbit stability of surface accuracy and the validation under the extreme low temperature are the keys for the success of relay satellite. The distributed spring-driven mechanism for the antenna is firstly proposed in this paper. The spring is released slowly in the deployment. The mechanism is verified in the high and low temperature. Secondly, the material and structure of the antenna are optimised for the high stability of surface accuracy. The surface accuracy of the antenna is analysed under extreme conditions. The maximum thermal distortion is far superior to the requirement. The extremely low-temperature experiments are finally designed for validating the capability of antenna based on the simulation of on-orbit environment. The results show the performance of the antenna is unvarying under the extreme low temperature. The radial rib deployable antenna can satisfy all the requirements on orbit and guarantee the success of the relay mission of Chang’e-4 satellite.

Background Recent studies reveal lncRNAs are associated with tumor progression or metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the functional roles of lncRNAs in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are still poorly understood. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of CRLM in Chinese population. Methods We first applied RNA-seq and Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in normal tissues, tumor tissues and matched liver metastasis tissues in discovery cohort including four patients with CRLM, and subsequently differentially expressed lncRNAs were checked in the validation cohort consisting of 21 patients with CRLM by qRT-PCR. Then we analyzed the association between lncRNAs and overall survival (OS) in the third cohort with 108 CRC patients. Finally, we investigated the function of lncRNAs in HCT-116 and LoVo cell lines. Results RNA-seq and STEM analysis identified four lncRNAs (HL-5, HL-20, HL-38, and HL-59) according with the expression trend of N (normal tissues) < T (tumor tissues) < M (matched liver metastasis tissue), which may be associated with CRLM. Univariate analyses showed that high CASC19 expression was associated with poorer prognosis (P=0.013). CASC19 knockdown inhibited cell migration more than 50% in LoVo cells and HCT-116 cells (P

Chronic diarrhea is one of the most common complaints in clinical practice for both adults and children. The purpose of this study was to assess the commonly used Chinese herbal medicine navel therapy for the treatment of chronic diarrhea (traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of spleen deficiency). The literature search was up to June 2018. Four types of studies (clinical trials, case series, case reports, and experts' experience) researched on Chinese medicine navel therapy used alone or combined with other therapies for the treatment of chronic diarrhea all included. Information on prescriptions, effectiveness, and safety of intervention was collected. Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System V2.5 was used to do data analysis. We included 416 studies. All these studies carried out in 194 cities of China. We obtained the most commonly used single herbs, herbal medicine combination, and Chinese patent medicine for both adults and children. The top 3 single herbs were Caryophylli Flos (Dingxiang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui), and Euodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu). The most frequently used Chinese patent medicines were Ding Gui Infantile Navel Paste and Huoxiang Zhengqi Liquid. The effectiveness assessment was based on clinical trials, but we did not perform a meta-analysis because of different study design and unsatisfactory methodological quality. No serious adverse reaction happened in original studies. The application of Chinese medicine navel therapy could be one of the ideal treatments for chronic diarrhea in the future, especially for children. However, high-quality studies are very needed to provide clear evidence.

An efficient method to extract equivalent radiated emission sources for printed circuit boards (PCBs) from near-field (NF) scanning data is presented. The equivalent sources are represented by elemental magnetic dipoles placed over a planar surface on the component side of a PCB. A global optimization procedure, based on the differential evolution algorithm, is used to determine the components of each dipole moment, by exploiting only the magnitude of the scanned NF data. The number and positions of the equivalent dipoles are predetermined by analyzing the scanning NF data, which is based on the NF radiation pattern of a single straight trace on a PCB. The effects of both of the spacing of the scanning points and the distance between the scanning and the reconstruction planes on the accuracy of the reconstructed results are studied. The proposed method is validated by the comparison of the reconstructed and full-wave results for PCBs with different types of traces.

Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan and spread in China. Here we aimed to investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases. We collected and analyzed the clinical data of 172 hospitalized cases of COVID-19 who were diagnosed via qRT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs during January 2020 and February 2020. The chest images were reviewed by radiologists and respirologists. The older patients with COVID-19 in Henan Province had more severe disease and worse prognosis. The male sex, smoking history and Wuhan exposure of patients are not related to the severity or prognosis of COVID-19. Family gatherings were showed among 26.7% of patients. A greater proportion of patients in the severe group suffer from combined chronic diseases. CT results showed that most patients had bilateral lung lesions and multiple lung lobes. The lungs of severe patients are more damaged. Both the infection range and inflammatory factor levels are related to the poor prognosis. Antiviral drugs, immunoglobulin and traditional Chinese medicine are mainly used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The discharge rate of COVID-19 patients was 93.0%, and the mortality rate was 2.3%. Case type, lymphocyte ratio grade, and respiratory failure at admission are risk factors for poor prognosis, except for the number of infiltrating lung lobes. The results showed that severe disease process, lymphopenia and respiratory failure are risk factors for the COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13577-021-00499-y.

China has experienced an outbreak of COVID-19 since December 2019. This study investigated the differences between the imported and local cases of COVID-19 in Nanyang, China. In this study, a total of 129 COVID-19 confirmed cases with a clear epidemiological history admitted to hospitals in Nanyang from January 24 to February 26, 2020 were enrolled. Patients who had a travel history to or a residence history in Wuhan or in the surrounding areas in Hubei Province within 14 days before the illness onset were assigned to the imported group (n=70), and the others were assigned to the local group (n=59). The differences in epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, laboratory and imaging results, and prognosis were compared between the 2 groups. The early diagnosed cases were mainly imported cases, and the later diagnosed ones were mainly local cases. The most common first symptom was fever; moderate fever was commonly seen in imported cases whereas low fever was commonly seen in local cases. Lymphocyte counts in the imported group were lower than those in the local group. The imported group showed more advanced and severe abnormalities in the CT scan whereas the local group showed milder pulmonary abnormalities. The proportion of severe and critically severe patients in the imported group was higher than that in the local group. In conclusion, the imported cases have more severe or critically severe patients with a higher mortality rate than the local cases.

Underwater optical image play a significant role in the exploration ocean. However there are diverse causes of distorted underwater optical scenes, such as light refraction, absorption, scattering and so on. Images enhancement is indispensable in low-level and high-level underwater vision task. Therefore, a novel method based on Generative Adversarial Networks is presented in this paper, which is able to recover lost information for underwater distorted images. No matter from color, detail or texture, the underwater images reconstructed by our approach been greatly improved. In addition, a novel solution is provided for lacking paired dataset which is needed for network train. At last, many qualitative and quantitative experiments are carried out, which can demonstrate that our approach proposed in this paper is robust and effective.

Surface defect detection has been spotlighted in the product quality control. There are lots of methods focused on the handcrafted optical features and have worked well under specified conditions. However, effectively detecting defects in products is nontrivial. Among the challenge is the complexity of surface defect, such as micro defect with noise, at vastly different scales. In order tackle these problems, we propose a feature fusion network using global context block for surface defect detection. A pipeline is presented that evaluates defect images with 300×300 resolution. In the framework, the global context block is relined, which fuses information effectively between different feature maps. Experimental results on steel defect datasets prove that our approach yields scores of map > 0.6 for all surface defects and provides a remarkably fast test speed, at ~ 20 frames per second.

Objective This study aimed to systematically analyze the effectiveness and safety of the local application of vancomycin powder to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal surgeries and provide guidance for clinical practice. Methods Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure using the MeSH terms “spinal surgery,” “vancomycin,” “local,” “topical,” “prophylactic,” “surgical site infection,” and “SSI” to identify studies published between January 2010 and January 2020 on the local application of vancomycin powder for preventing SSI after spinal surgeries. The outcome assessment indicators were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Three randomized controlled trials, two prospective studies, and 26 retrospective studies were included in the current research. The results of the meta-analysis revealed significant differences between the vancomycin and control groups (non-vancomycin group) concerning the incidence of SSI (risk ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.55, Z = 5.46), indicating that local application of vancomycin powder can significantly reduce the incidence of SSI. Conclusion Local application of vancomycin powder is an effective and safe method to prevent SSI after spinal surgeries.

This paper presents a dynamic phase measurement profilometry (PMP) method based on the simulated annealing algorithm. In dynamic PMP for rigid objects, pixel matching is an effective method to make one-to-one pixel correspondence in each captured pattern. However, pixel matching by the global traversing algorithm takes up most of the time in the whole reconstruction process. For the purpose of optimizing pixel matching and enhancing performance in dynamic PMP, the simulated annealing algorithm is introduced. By generating a random path based on the simulated annealing algorithm, it is sufficient to locate the approximate area of the measured object. Then the accurate position can be calculated by combining it with a partial traversing algorithm. The proposed method can reduce pixel matching time by 63% and increase reconstruction efficiency by 58%. Simulations and experiments prove feasibility and precision.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is causing a worldwide health crisis We aimed to present clinical and CT features for a cohort of patients in Henan, China with more foc

Flexible planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs), with the advantages of small size, easy integration and expansion on electronic devices, have emerged as one of the most critical power devices in wearable and portable electronics. However, most processes involve independent preparation of electrode materials, patterned microelectrodes, and subsequent modular integration, making the steps very complicated. Herein, we have developed a novel, simple and one-step laser direct writing process to design planar shape-controllable MnO2 nanoparticles evenly embedded in laser-induced graphene (MnO2/LIG) MSCs on different flexible substrates. The obtained MnO2/LIG MSCs show an outstanding areal specific capacity of 15.04 mF cm−2, a high energy density of 1.22 mWh cm−2 at a good power density of 1.278 mW cm−2, good mechanical flexibility and remarkable modular integration due to effective design of pseudocapacitive MnO2 nanoparticles evenly embedded in highly conductive LIG with 3D porous structure. This universal manufacturing route for controllable assembly of flexible planar MSCs with other pseudocapacitive nanoparticles embedded into LIG, thus broadening their flexible and wearable application as a promising storage device to meet the modular integration and biocompatibility.

This study proposed an integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of forced-air cooling of apples stacked on pallets. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to evaluate the cooling rate, uniformity, moisture loss, and energy consumption during precooling of apples. Experiments were conducted to quantify the incidence of chilling injury. A reasonable increase in cooling rate and uniformity was obtained with an increase in air-inflow rate to 2.31 L s−1 kg−1; any further increase in air-inflow rate will lead to a relatively low increase in cooling rate and uniformity, but a significant increase in energy consumption and cooling injury. An exponential relationship exists between fan power (Pw) and pressure differential (ΔP) as well as between total fan energy consumption (Ec) and air-inflow rate (Ec = hxk). Finally, the mass loss of fruit is primarily influenced by cooling time rather than air-inflow rate.

The droplet escape condition in laser welding is established in this paper. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed to study the weld pool convection and spatter formation at full penetration during the fiber laser welding of 5083 aluminum alloy. It is found that when laser power is 9 kW, the bottom of the keyhole is dynamically opened and closed. When the bottom of the keyhole is closed, the molten metal at the bottom of the back keyhole wall flows upwards along the fusion line. When the bottom of the keyhole is opened, few spatters can be seen around the keyhole at the top surface, two flow patterns exists in the rear part of the keyhole: a portion of molten metal flows upwards along the fusion line, other portion of molten metal flows to the bottom of the keyhole, which promote the spatter formation at the bottom of the keyhole rear wall.

Background/Aims: Chemoresistance is largely responsible for relapses of bladder cancer during clinical therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the chemoresistance of bladder cancer are unclear. Growing evidence supports the theory that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in chemotherapeutic drug resistance because they are downregulated in many malignancies that have been implicated in the regulation of diverse processes in cancer cells. More specifically, the extent and precise mechanism of the involvement of miR-34as in chemoresistance to epirubicin (EPI) in the treatment of bladder cancer remains unclear. Methods: In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the expression of miR-34a in bladder cancer cell line BIU87 and its EPI chemoresistant cell line BIU87/ADR. The miR-34a profiles in bladder cancer tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The effect of miR-34a on chemosensitivity was evaluated by cell viability assays, colony formation assays, and in vivo experimentation. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry. A luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the target genes of miR-34a. Western blot and qPCR were used to analyze the expression of target proteins and downstream molecules. Results: The downregulation of miR-34a in bladder cancer serves as an independent predictor of reduced patient survival. The CCK-8 assay showed that miR-34a overexpression resulted in increased sensitivity to EPI, while miR-34a downregulation resulted in chemoresistance to EPI in vitro. Moreover, it was found that miR-34a increased the sensitivity of BIU87/ADR cells to chemotherapy in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay ascertained that TCF1 and LEF1 are direct target genes of miR-34a. It was found that miR-34a increased chemosensitivity in BIU87/ADR cells by inhibiting the TCF1/LEF1 axis. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that miR-34a contributes to the chemosensitivity of BIU87/ADR by inhibiting the TCF1/LEF1 axis. Consequently, miR-34a is a determinant of BIU87 chemosensitivity and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer treatment.

Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication in spinal surgery, imposing a high burden on patients and society. However, information about its characteristics and related risk factors is limited. We designed this prospective, multicenter study to address this issue. Methods : From January 2015 through February 2016, a total of 1764 patients who had spinal trauma or degenerative spinal diseases were treated with instrumented surgeries and followed up for 1 year with complete data. Data on all patients were abstracted from electronic medical records, and SSIs were prospectively inspected and diagnosed by surgeons in our department. Any disagreement among them was settled by the leader of this study. SPSS 19.0 was used to perform the analyses. Results A total of 58 patients (3.3%, 58 of 1764) developed SSI; 1.1% had deep SSI, and 2.2% had superficial SSI. Of these, 60.6% (21 of 33) had a polymicrobial cause. Most of them (51 of 58) occurred during hospitalization. The median occurrence time was 3 days after operation (range: 1–123 days). SSI significantly prolonged hospital stays, by 9.3 days on average. The univariate analysis revealed reason for surgery as the only significant risk factor. The multivariate analysis, however, revealed 8 significant risk factors, including higher BMI, surgical site (cervical), surgical approach (posterior), surgery performed in summer, reasons for surgery (degenerative disease), autograft for fusion and fixation, and higher preoperative platelet level. Conclusion Identification of these risk factors aids in stratifying preoperative risk to reduce SSI incidence. In addition, the results could be used in counseling patients and their families during the consent process.

Background: Molecular typing for RHCE blood group alleles has been established in many countries for patients and blood donors. In the Chinese literature nearly 80% of transfused patients with alloimmunization have antibodies specific for antigens of the Rh blood group system. We investigated if it is feasible to match packed red blood cells (RBCs) for Chinese β-thalassemia patients by RHCE genotyping. Methods: In this study, 481 patients with β-thalassemia were enrolled. They were genotyped for RHCE alleles by a simple PCR method with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Among these patients, 203 continuously received RBCs of the identical Rh subgroups according to the genotyping results for at least 3 months. Subsequently, their phenotypes were tested through a micro-column gel card method. For validation purposes, 400 donors were serologically typed with the same technology, of which 164 were genotyped too. Finally, the C, c, E, and e frequencies and the feasibility of the simple genotyping method were analyzed. Results: All patients showed mixed-field agglutination in the Rh subgroup gel cards before the same Rh subgroups in blood donors were selected for blood transfusion. The results, however, lacked mixed-field agglutination in all 203 cases after transfusion with RBC concentrates selected for the patient's C, c, E, and e antigens for at least 3 months. The genotyping results of 164 donors were all consistent with the serological results. Whole coding regions of RHCE were sequenced in 7 individuals with weak c, E, or e antigens. In only one sample we observed a 1059G>A nucleotide mutation coding for a truncated RhCE polypeptide (GenBank KT957625), in the other 6 samples no sequence variant was found. Both patients and donors were predominantly CcEe and CCee, with a prevalence of 55.3% and 24.9% for patients or 49.3% and 31.3% for donors, respectively. It revealed that about 80% of Chinese could receive Rh-matched RBCs easily. Conclusion: A simple RHCE genotyping technique is safe enough for Rh-matched transfusion of β-thalassemia patients in Chinese Han.

Graphene-based pressure sensors have received extensive attention in wearable devices. However, reliable, low-cost, and large-scale preparation of structurally stable graphene electrodes for flexible pressure sensors is still a challenge. Herein, for the first time, laser-induced graphene (LIG) powder are prepared into screen printing ink, and shape-controllable LIG patterned electrodes can be obtained on various substrates using a facile screen printing process, and a novel asymmetric pressure sensor composed of the resulting screen-printed LIG electrodes has been developed. Benefit from the 3D porous structure of LIG, the as-prepared flexible LIG screen-printed asymmetric pressure sensor has super sensing properties with a high sensitivity of 1.86 kPa−1, low detection limit of about 3.4 Pa, short response time, and long cycle durability. Such excellent sensing performances give our flexible asymmetric LIG screen-printed pressure sensor the ability to realize real-time detection of tiny body physiological movements (such as wrist pulse and pronunciation action). Besides, the integrated sensor array has a multi-touch function. This work could stimulate an appropriate approach to designing shape-controllable LIG screen-printed patterned electrodes on various flexible substrates to adapt the specific needs of fulfilling compatibility and modular integration for potential application prospects in wearable electronics.

A method is presented for three-dimensional (3D) road traffic noise mapping with unstructured surface meshes of buildings and roads. Owing to the ability of the surface mesh to represent objects with high complexity geometry, the method enables 3D noise mapping with realistic building and road models. A road quadrilateral mesh model is built with the coordinates of its vertices captured from the original road triangular mesh. Instead of using the traffic data, we apply the road emission noise levels established by field measurements for a prior classification of roads to determine the basic noise level. An angle scanning based algorithm is developed for modelling 3D noise propagation in urban environments, with obstructions between virtual receiver points and road segment sources are efficiently considered. Verification and validation examples involving high-rise buildings are presented, as well as several 3D noise mapping examples.

Universum support vector machine ( U -SVM), due to its tremendous accuracy improvements, has been expanded and applied in all kinds of fields. Universum encodes related prior knowledge but does not belong to any class of interest. With Universum, the number of training samples and computational complexity are clearly increased. Inspired by the sparsity of SVMs, a safe sample screening rule (SSSR) for U -SVM is proposed in this paper. Our SSSR eliminates not only the labelled samples but also the Universum samples before training process, then the computational cost is dramatically reduced. Moreover, the same solution as the original problem can be obtained by utilizing our SSSR, that is, the training process is guaranteed to be accelerated safely. Besides, we extend our rule to the Universum twin support vector machine ( U -TSVM), and the SSSR for U -TSVM is also discussed in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, SSSR is the only existing safe screening method for U -SVMs. Numerical experiments on seventeen benchmark datasets, ABCDETC dataset and Chinese wine dataset demonstrate that the computational cost can be dramatically reduced without sacrificing the optimality of the final solution by our SSSR.

In this paper, a continuous zoom compound eye imaging system based on liquid lenses is proposed. The main imaging part of the system consists of a liquid compound eye, two liquid lenses and a planar image sensor. By adjusting the liquid injection volumes of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses, the system can realize continuous zoom imaging without any mechanical movement of imaging components. According to the results of experiments, the paraxial magnification of the target can range from ∼0.019× to ∼0.037× at a fixed working distance. Moreover, the system can realize continuous focusing at a fixed paraxial magnification when the working distance ranges from ∼200mm to ∼300mm. Compared with the traditional artificial compound eye imaging systems, the proposed system increases the adjustability and matches the variable image surfaces of the liquid compound eye to a planar image sensor. The aspherical effects of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses are also considered in the design of the system. The system is expected to be used for imaging in various scenes, such as continuous zoom panoramic imaging, 3D scanning measurement and so on.

Tunable optical diffusers have attracted attention because of the rapid development of next generation stretchable optoelectronics and optomechanics applications. Flexible wrinkle structures have the potential to change the light path and tune the diffusion capability, which is beneficial to fabricate optical diffusers. The generation of wrinkles usually depends on an external stimulus, thus resulting in complicated fabricating equipment and processes. In this study, a facile and low-cost method is proposed to fabricate wrinkle structures by the self-wrinkling of thermal-cured polymer for tunable optical diffusers. The uncured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) precursors were exposed to UV/ozone to obtain hard silica layers and then crosslinked via heating to induce the wrinkle patterns. The wrinkle structures were demonstrated as strain-dependent tunable optical diffusers and the optical diffusion of transmitted light via the deformable wrinkle structures was studied and adjusted. The incident light isotropically diffused through the sample at the initial state. When the wrinkle structures deformed, it showed a more pronounced isotropic optical diffusion with uniaxial tensile strain. The optical diffusion is anisotropical with a further increase in uniaxial tensile strain. The proposed method of fabricating wrinkles by UV/ozone-assisted self-wrinkling of thermal-cured polymer films is simple and cost-effective, and the obtained structures have potential applications in tunable optical diffusers.

In this paper, a continuous optical zoom microscopy imaging system based on liquid lenses is proposed. Compared with traditional microscopes, which have discrete magnification, requiring manual conversion of the objective lens to change the magnification, the proposed microscope can continuously change the magnification of the targets in real-time. An adaptive zoom microscope, a liquid lens driving board, a microscope bracket, an adjustable three-dimensional stage and a light source are stacked to form the main framework of the continuous optical zoom microscopy imaging system. The adaptive zoom microscope which is composed of four electrowetting liquid lenses and six glass lenses form the main imaging element of the microscope. By changing the driving voltage which is applied to the four liquid lenses, the focal length of the liquid lenses can be modulated to achieve continuous zooming. By contrast, in traditional microscopes, the zooming process can only be achieved by rotating the eyepieces at different magnifications. At a fixed working distance, the magnification of the proposed microscope can change continuously from ∼9.6× to ∼22.2× with a response time of ∼50ms. Moreover, an axial depth scanning of ∼1000µm can be achieved without any mechanical movement. Our experiments proved that the microscope has stable performance and high consistency during zooming. Therefore, the proposed microscope has obvious advantages over the traditional microscopes in observing dynamic samples with different magnifications and can be commercialized for further expanding the applications in biochemical and pathological analysis.

Imbalanced data classification is often met in our real life. In this paper, a novel k-nearest neighbor (KNN)-based maximum margin and minimum volume hyper-sphere machine (KNN-M3VHM) is presented for the imbalanced data classification. The basic idea is to construct two hyper-spheres with different centres and radiuses. The first one contains majority examples and the second one covers minority examples. When constructing the first hyper-sphere, we remove some redundant majority samples using k-nearest neighbor (KNN)-based strategy to balance two classes of samples. Meanwhile, we maximize the margin between two hyper-spheres and minimize their volumes, which can result in two tight boundaries around each class. Similar to the twin hyper-sphere support vector machine (THSVM), KNN-M3VHM solves two related SVM-type problems and avoids the matrix inverse operation when solving the convex optimization problems. KNN-M3VHM considers not only the within-class information but also the between-class margin, then it achieves better performance in comparison with other state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results on twenty-five datasets validate the significant advantages of our proposed algorithm.

// Gang Chen 1, * , Yanfei Cao 2, * , Lina Zhang 2 , Hongxing Ma 2 , Chao Shen 2 and Jiang Zhao 3 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, China 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, China 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200081, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jiang Zhao, email: jiangzhaodq@sina.com Keywords: biomarkers, gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme, long non-coding RNAs Received: May 04, 2017 Accepted: June 01, 2017 Published: June 28, 2017 ABSTRACT Long non-coding RNAs have been shown to be associated with cancer development and progression, demonstrating potential applications as novel diagnostic or prognostic molecular markers in clinical management and treatment. However, the functional significance of lncRNAs in the development and malignant progression of gliomas is still unclear and needed to be further explored. we first obtained genome-wide lncRNA expression profiles in a large cohort of patients with gliomas from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using microarray probes repurposing method and investigated the lncRNA expression patterns during the tumorigenesis and malignant progression of gliomas. By using differential expression analysis, we identified a large number of lncRNAs that were associated with the tumorigenesis and malignant progression of gliomas in the training dataset and showed their robustness in the testing dataset. Subsequently, we identified a novel four-lncRNA signature which was closely related to the prognosis of patients with GBM. The prognostic value of this signature was verified in the test set of 80 patients. Functional analysis suggested that the four lncRNAs associated with survival of patients with GBM may be involved in cancer-related biological processes and pathways and their deregulation may lead to GBM tumorigenesis and progression. These novel lncRNA biomarkers will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms during the development and progression of glioma and provide novel diagnostic or prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for gliomas.

Background Thyroid metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) are rare, both in clinical practice and in the literature; hence, their diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and prognostic factors require further investigations. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for four cases of thyroid metastases from CRC, treated in our center between January 2005 and December 2015, and the relevant literature was searched using PubMed, resulting in the identification of 17 patients with detailed information available. The clinical data and follow-up information of our patients and the previously reported cases were collected and compared. Results The median age of the 21 patients was 59 years (44.5 and 66 years for our patients and the previously reported cases, respectively). Fifteen (71.4%) primary tumors were distributed throughout the distal colon or rectum (75% [3/4] in our center and 70.5% [12/17] in the previously reported cases). According to our analysis, we found that 81.0% of patients (17/21) showed concomitant lung metastasis. Among them, all four patients in our center showed lung metastasis, and 75% (3/4) developed thyroid metastases after the lung metastasis. In the previously reported cases, the corresponding proportions were 76.5 and 76.5% (13/17) of patients, respectively. The median time after primary tumor diagnosis to thyroid metastasis development was 28 months (26 months in our center and 35 months in the previously reported cases). One patient with advanced CRC in our center died 5 months after the thyroid metastasis was identified, while the remaining three patients are currently alive (longest follow-up time, 27 months). The median survival time after thyroid metastasis during 3 years of follow-up of the previously reported 17 patients was 12 months. There was no difference in the overall survival between patients treated non-surgically (8/21) and patients undergoing thyroidectomy alone or thyroidectomy with adjuvant therapy (13/21) (p = 0.388). In addition, we found that the overall survival of the patients whose other metastases were treated with radical treatment was superior to that in those treated with palliative treatment (p = 0.022). Conclusions Thyroid metastases from CRC are rare in clinical practice and are a manifestation of advanced CRC. The prognosis of patients with thyroid metastases from CRC is related to various factors, including the grade of malignancy of the primary lesion, the presence of other metastases, and whether the metastases are timely diagnosed and a radical treatment strategy is employed.

// Fangqi Liu 1, * , Cong Li 1, * , Huixun Jia 2, * , Li Yang 1 , Yuchen Wu 1 , Jiang Zhao 1 , Sanjun Cai 1 , Ji Zhu 3 and Ye Xu 1 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China 2 Department of Clinical Statistics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China * These authors contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as joint first authors Correspondence to: Ye Xu, email: xuye021@163.com Ji Zhu, email: leo.zhu@126.com Keywords: colorectal cancer, tumor location, prognosis, left-sided colon cancer, right-sided colon cancer Received: September 20, 2016 Accepted: February 21, 2017 Published: March 17, 2017 ABSTRACT Differences in epidemiology, pathological features, and molecular pathogeneses have been observed according to primary tumor location in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, predicting CRC survival by tumor location remains controversial. Therefore, we compared the pathological characteristics, molecular features, and prognoses of right-side colon cancer (RCC), left-side colon cancer (LCC), and rectal cancer (RECC) among Chinese patients with CRC. We evaluated 4,426 patients with stage I–III CRC between January 2008 and July 2014from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. All patients were grouped by the locations of tumors (RCC, LCC, and RECC). Patients with RCC were more likely to be women and older, have poorly differentiated tumors, microsatellite repair deficiency (dMMR), negative p53 expression, and the mucinous subtype. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed survival in RCC than in LCC and RECC. However, there were no significant differences in OS and DFS between LCC and RECC. The same results were observed for each disease stage. Unadjusted models revealed an increased risk of mortality, recurrence, or metastasis for RCC (OS: HR, 1.68, P =0.0002 and DFS: HR, 1.24, P =0.032), compared to LCC (all stages), and a similar result was observed for stage III patients (OS: HR, 1.79, P

Based on collaborative innovation theory, the paper analyzes several more mature new energy vehicles in recent years and innovative technologies, and constructs a promoting strategic framework which is about five stages of Yutong new energy vehicles collaborative innovation. At the same time, through triple-helix theoretical analysis, the paper analyzes and summarizes the role of “Government - Industry - University - Research institution” in Yutong new energy vehicles innovation strategy and the roles that government, related enterprises, universities and research institutions play in collaborative innovation. Finally, the paper analyzes the stages of Yutong new energy vehicle development and the cooperation between Yutong business model innovation and technology innovation, thus studying on innovation strategy in the future and developing the international market.

Two homoleptic thiazole-based IrIII phosphorescent emitters, Ir-3Tz1F and Ir-3Tz2F, with fluorinated 2-phenylthiazole-type ligands were designed and prepared. Their thermal stability, and photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as electroluminescent (EL) performances in both monochromic OLEDs and solution-processed WOLEDs were investigated. When doped in monochromic OLEDs made by vacuum deposition, Ir-3Tz1F gave the maximum EL efficiencies with ηL of 56.2 cd A−1, ηext of 15.8% and ηp of 50.2 lm W−1. Critically, solution-processed WOLEDs based on Ir-3Tz1F with three primary colors could achieve an excellent trade-off among the stable balanced white EL spectra, a high EL efficiency and a high color rendering index (CRI). The optimized solution-processed WOLED exhibited very attractive EL efficiencies of 33.4 cd A−1, 16.5% and 30.6 lm W−1, while maintaining both a high CRI of ca. 80 and very stable Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates in a wide driving voltage range from 4 V to 11 V.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) share similar functional neuroanatomy. However, it remains largely unknown to what extent unaffected FDRs with functional neuroanatomy patterns similar to patients can be identified at an individual level. In this study, we used a multivariate pattern classification method to learn informative large-scale functional networks (FNs) and build classifiers to distinguish 32 patients from 30 healthy controls and to classify 34 FDRs as with or without FNs similar to patients. Four informative FNs-the cerebellum, default mode network (DMN), ventral frontotemporal network, and posterior DMN with parahippocampal gyrus-were identified based on a training cohort and pattern classifiers built upon these FNs achieved a correct classification rate of 83.9% (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 80.0%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.914) estimated based on leave-one-out cross-validation for the training cohort and a correct classification rate of 77.5% (sensitivity 72.5%, specificity 82.5%, and AUC 0.811) for an independent validation cohort. The classification scores of the FDRs and patients were negatively correlated with their measures of cognitive function. FDRs identified by the classifiers as having SCZ patterns were similar to the patients, but significantly different from the controls and FDRs with normal patterns in terms of their cognitive measures. These results demonstrate that the pattern classifiers built upon the informative FNs can serve as biomarkers for quantifying brain alterations in SCZ and help to identify FDRs with FN patterns and cognitive impairment similar to those of SCZ patients.