Search

Background Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a prominent risk factor of postoperative recurrence for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The MVI detection rate of conventional pathological examination approaches is relatively low and unsatisfactory. Methods By integrating pathological macro-slide with whole-mount slide imaging, we first created a novel pathological examination method called image-matching digital macro-slide (IDS). Surgical samples from eligible patients were collected to make IDS. The MVI detection rates, tumor recurrence rates and recurrence-free survival were compared among conventional 3-Point and 7-Point baseline sampling protocols and IDS. Additionally, biomarkers to recognize MVI false negative patients were probed via combining conventional pathological sampling protocols and IDS. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to obtain the optimal cutoff of biomarkers to distinguish MVI false negative patients. Results The MVI detection rates were 21.98%, 32.97% and 63.74%, respectively, in 3-Point, 7-Point baseline sampling protocols and IDS (p Conclusions Our study demonstrated that IDS can help enhance the detection rate of MVI in HCC and refine the prediction of HCC prognosis. Alpha-fetoprotein is identified as a suitable and robust biomarker to recognize MVI false-negative patients in conventional pathological protocols.

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a risk factor for postoperative survival outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection (LR). This study aims to investigate the actual long-term survival and its associated prognostic factors after LR for HCC patients with MVI. This study was conducted on HCC patients with MVI who underwent LR from January 2009 to December 2012 at five major hospitals in China. The patients were divided into the ‘long-term survivor group’ and the ‘short-term survivor group’. The clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative data and survival outcomes were compared between these two groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors associated with long-term survival outcomes. The study included 1517 patients with an actual 5-year survival rate of 33.3%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that HBV DNA > 104 IU/mL, alanine aminotransferase > 44 U/L, alpha-fetoprotein > 400 ng/ml, anatomical hepatectomy, varices, intraoperative blood loss > 400 ml, tumor diameter > 5 cm, tumor number, satellite nodules, tumor encapsulation, wide resection margin and adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) were independent prognostic factors associated with actual long-term survival. One-third of HCC patients with MVI reached the long-term survival milestone of 5 years after resection. Anatomical hepatectomy, controlling intraoperative blood loss, a wide resection margin, and postoperative adjuvant TACE should be considered for patients to achieve better long-term survival outcomes.

In vehicular networks, most content delivery schemes only utilize vehicle cooperation or powerful infrastructure to satisfy data requests. How to fully utilize vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications to improve data acquisition still requires further analysis. In this paper, the content delivery problem is formulated as a maximum flow of a directed network, which implies the encounters and the requests. Despite of a high delivery ratio, the proposed Content delivery scheme using mAximum Flow (CAF) is infeasible in large-scale real-time applications due to high computational complexity. To solve this problem, we transform the GPS trajectory data into two-dimensional coverage grid maps which indicate the communication opportunities between vehicles and infrastructures in CAF. The map set, which consists of coverage grid maps in a storage cycle, and the number of satisfied requests obtained from CAF compose the training set that can be trained by the deep convolutional neural networks. This solution combining CAF with deep neural networks is called CAF-Net. In the experiments, we evaluate the performances of four popular architectures of deep convolutional neural networks when outputting the targets. The results show that ResNet 50 has the smallest error and the computation time of a delivery ratio is only 82.84 ms, which is a lot shorter than 4531.53 s using CAF. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of applying the deep learning framework to vehicular networks.

Jin-Kai Feng,1,* Ju-Xian Sun,1,* Zong-Han Liu,1,* Jing-Wen Gu,2,* Zhen-Hua Chen,3 Chang Liu,1 Wei-Xing Guo,1 Jie Shi,1 Shu-Qun Cheng1 1Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Armed Police Corps Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shu-Qun ChengDepartment of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 21- 81875251Fax +86 21- 65562400Email chengshuqun@aliyun.comBackground: The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is rare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with unresectable HCC with BDTT.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on newly diagnosed HCC and BDTT patients who were initially treated with TACE or conservative management (CM) from 2009 to 2018. Survival outcomes of patients treated with TACE were compared with those of patients given CM. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors related to survival.Results: Out of 100 patients included in this study, 40 patients underwent TACE, while the remaining 60 received CM. The median survival time of the TACE group was 8.0 months longer than that of the CM group (13.0 versus 5.0 months, P < 0.001). The 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-month overall survival (OS) rates were 90.0%, 52.5%, 22.5%, and 12.5%, respectively, for the TACE group compared with 26.7%, 8.3%, 5.0%, and 3.3%, respectively, for the CM group. Multivariate analyses showed that treatment allocation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.421; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.243– 0.730; P = 0.002), Child–Pugh status (HR, 2.529; 95% CI, 1.300– 4.920; P = 0.006) and total bilirubin level (HR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.004– 1.009; P < 0.001) on first admission were independent predictors of OS. There was no procedure-related mortality within one month after TACE treatment.Conclusion: TACE is a safe and effective treatment method that may improve the OS of patients with unresectable HCC with BDTT.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct tumor thrombus, transarterial chemoembolization, conservative management, overall survival

Introduction: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with PD-1 inhibitor is a novel and effective combination therapy. However, there is currently a gap in subsequent treatment when patients are diagnosed with PD-1 inhibitors-TACE refractoriness.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included enrolled patients with intermediate stage HCC who were diagnosed with PD-1 inhibitor-TACE refractoriness between January 2019 and December 2020 in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. They were divided into two cohorts, (1) those who switched from TACE combined with PD-1 to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combined with PD-1 and (2) those who continued TACE combined with PD-1. Progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and tumor response were assessed in both groups after refractory to PD-1 inhibitors combined with TACE.Results: Of the seventy-six patients included in this study, the median PFS was 19.6 months in the SBRT group (n=31) and 10.1 months in the TACE group (n=45, pConclusions: SBRT combined with PD-1 inhibitor improves PFS and OS in patients refractory to PD-1 inhibitor combined with TACE. Therefore, SBRT is recommended in case of failure of treatment with PD-1 inhibitors combined with TACE.

BackgroundOccurrence of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) worsens the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and imparts high economic burden on society. Patients with high risks of having hypercoagulation are more likely to experience thrombosis. Herein, we examined how preoperative international normalized ratio (INR) was related to the incidence and extent of PVTT, and associated with survival outcomes in HCC patients following R0 liver resection (LR).MethodsPatients with HCC and PVTT were enrolled from six major hospitals in China. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of individuals with different INR levels were assessed with Cox regression analysis as well as Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThis study included 2207 HCC patients, among whom 1005 patients had concurrent PVTT. HCC patients in the Low INR group had a significantly higher incidence of PVTT and more extensive PVTT than the Normal and High INR groups (PConclusionPreoperative INR influenced the incidence and extent of PVTT in HCC. Particularly, patients with HCC and PVTT in the Low INR group had worse postoperative prognosis relative to the High and Normal INR groups.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate endothelial microparticles (EMPs) as a potential prognostic marker in hemolytic disease of the Chinese neonate. Methods We compared 29 newborns with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HDN), 22 newborns with Rh HDN, and 21 healthy newborns with matched mother and infant blood groups (controls). Markers of hemolysis and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag) were analyzed. EMP (CD144+) levels were measured before and after therapy. Results vWF Ag and pretherapy EMP levels were higher in the ABO HDN and Rh HDN groups than in the control group. Additionally, vWF Ag and pretherapy EMP levels were significantly higher in the ABO HDN group than in the Rh HDN group. Posttherapy EMP levels were decreased compared with pretherapy levels in the ABO HDN and Rh HDN groups. Moreover, hemoglobin and indirect bilirubin levels were independently correlated with pretherapy EMP levels in the ABO HDN group. Conclusion Our findings indicate that EMP measurement in neonates with HDN may provide a novel method of monitoring possible severe vascular dysfunction in patients in China. An external validation in larger datasets is necessary for further study.

BACKGROUND: Whether hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hypersplenism can benefit from splenectomy is unclear. This study aimed at exploring the efficacy and safety of concurrent splenectomy for HCC patients with hypersplenism. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to compare data on the combination of hepatectomy or transhepatic arterial infusion (TAI) with splenectomy (the splenectomy group) with data on hepatectomy or TAI alone (the non-splenectomy group) for the treatment of HCC with hypersplenism. Prospective clinical trials or retrospective cohort studies from inception to May 10, 2020 were considered eligible for this analysis. The relevant outcomes, including patients’ demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative indices and long-term outcomes, were independently extracted by two investigators. Publication bias for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was qualitatively assessed by funnel plots and quantitatively evaluated by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. RESULTS: Nine retrospective studies including 1,650 patients were analyzed. Short-term outcomes suggested that the incidence rate of postoperative complications, including portal or splenic vein thrombosis [odds ratio (OR) =26.28, P

Background Surgical resection is the primary treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT). This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant TACE (PA-TACE) in patients with HCC and BDTT. Methods Data from patients who underwent surgery for HCC with BDTT at two medical centers were retrospectively analyzed. The survival outcomes of patients who were treated by hepatic resection followed by PA-TACE were compared with those of patients who underwent surgery alone. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed with a 1:1 ratio. Results Of the 308 consecutively enrolled HCC patients with BDTT who underwent surgical resection, 134 underwent PA-TACE whereas 174 underwent surgery alone. From the initial cohort, PSM matched 106 pairs of patients. The OS and DFS rates were significantly better for the PA-TACE group than the surgery alone group (for OS: before PSM, P = 0.026; after PSM, P = 0.039; for DFS: before PSM, P = 0.010; after PSM, P = 0.013). Conclusion PA-TACE was associated with better survival outcomes than surgery alone for patients with HCC and BDTT. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to validate the beneficial effect of PA-TACE on HCC patients associated with BDTT.

BACKGROUND: The effect of bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) on the postoperative long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is still under debate. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases were systematically searched to collect the clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative indices, and postoperative survival outcomes in the BDTT and non-BDTT groups of HCC patients from inception to February 1, 2020. The study outcomes were extracted by two independent investigators. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies involving 6,484 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that the levels of serum total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were notably higher in patients with HCC and BDTT than those without BDTT. Meanwhile, HCC patients with BDTT had more aggressive biological characteristics, such as poor tumor differentiation, macrovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis, as compared to patients without BDTT. The 1-year [odds ratio (OR) 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31–0.48, P

Accumulating evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) regulate the occurrence and development of various diseases, including diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular conditions. However, the role of miRNAs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not completely understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-126-5p on H9c2 cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting interleukin (IL)-17A. A total of 40 patients with AMI and 40 healthy volunteers were recruited in the present study and the expression levels of serum miR-126-5p and IL-17A were determined. Following confirmation that IL-17A was a target of miR-126-5p via a dual-luciferase reporter assay, H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions. H9c2 cell viability and apoptosis were subsequently assessed. Additionally, the protein expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were detected following transfection. Compared with healthy individuals, miR-126-5p expression was significantly decreased in the serum samples of patients with AMI, whereas IL-17A, the target of miR-126-5p, was significantly increased. Following hypoxic treatment, miR-126-5p overexpression enhanced H9c2 cell viability compared with the NC group, which was subsequently reversed following co-transfection with pcDNA3.1-IL-17A. Additionally, the results indicated that hypoxia-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis was significantly reduced following transfection with miR-126-5p mimics via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway compared with the NC group. The present study indicated that miR-126-5p may serve as a novel miRNA that regulates H9c2 cell viability and apoptosis by targeting IL-17A under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, miR-126-5p may serve as a crucial biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI.

In order to solve the security access problem of power Internet of Things customer side, this paper has designed a miniature communication conversion module which can be deployed in the perceptual layer or marginal layer in power Internet of Things client side. This device can realize such functions as security isolation, information security interaction, access authentication, data/instruction encryption protection, etc. In order to verify the performance of the miniature communication conversion module, this paper has also constructed the testing system for miniature communication conversion module, and tested its security performance. The test results showed that the device can securely isolate the open customer access network from the core network of the power Internet of Things, effectively preventing the core business system from being illegally invaded.

Passive IR-OWC small cells sharing the transmission resources are studied. The mobile systems can be flexibly deployed with reduced cost. 10 Gb/s/wavelength signal shared by maximum 8 and 16384 (with repeater) distributed cells is performed.

Screw loosening due to broken pedicles is a common complication resulting from the insertion of screws either with inadequate diameters or into an osteoporotic pedicle. In this novel in vitro study, we tried to clarify the contribution of the pedicle to screw fixation and subsequent salvage strategies using longer or larger-diameter screws in broken pedicles. Sixty L4 fresh-frozen lumbar vertebrae harvested from mature pigs were designed as the normal-density group (n = 30) and decalcified as the osteoporosis group (n = 30). Three modalities were randomly assigned as intact pedicle (n = 30), semi-pedicle (n = 15), and non-pedicle (n = 15) in each group. Three sizes of polyaxial screws (diameter × length of 6.0 mm × 45 mm, 6.0 mm × 50 mm, and 6.5 mm × 45 mm) over five trials were used in each modality. The associations between bone density, pedicle modality and screw pullout strength were analyzed. After decalcification for 4 weeks, the area bone mineral density decreased to approximately 56% (p p p

By using the Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ /CaAlSiN 3 :Eu 2+ phosphor codoped fluorescent glass as a phosphor in front of an InGaN laser diode (LD), a novel white-lighting and visible light communication (VLC) module is demonstrated. By enlarging the fluorescent glass thickness from 0.7 to 1 mm, the CCT of the generated white light is increased from 7373 to 25000 K, and the maximal illuminance is enlarged from 1306 to 1356 lux. The pure LD-beam-based VLC can lengthen its transmission distance from 0.5 to 16 m, associated with allowable data rate slightly decreased from 14.8 to 10.8 Gb/s. When using the divergent white light as a carrier for VLC transmission, the allowable data rate upgrades from 1.6 to 4.4 Gb/s within 0.5-m distance in free space by thinning the fluorescent glass from 1 to 0.7 mm. Lengthening the white-lighting distance to 1 m for the VLC system still permits 16-QAM OFDM data transmission as high as 2.8 Gb/s. Such a Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ /CaAlSiN 3 :Eu 2+ phosphor codoped fluorescent glass not only converts the blue LD beam for white lighting efficiently, but also preserves sufficient data capacity with acceptable signal-to-noise ratio for indoor VLC application.

Jin-Kai Feng, Ju-Xian Sun, Zong-Han Liu, Shu-Qun Cheng Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shu-Qun ChengEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 21-81875251Fax +86 21-65562400Email chengshuqun@aliyun.com Dear editorWe read with great interest the recently published article in Cancer Managementand Research by Yang et al, 1 in which they conducted a retrospective study tocompare the long-term prognosis between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patientswith portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and those with bile duct tumor thrombus(BDTT). The authors reported that HCC patients with BDTT had worse overallsurvival (OS) and a higher tumor recurrence rate compared to patients with PVTT.This article, with its novelty and clinical implication, adds to the current knowledgeand provides the rationale for further study to assess the prognostic differencesamong HCC patients with distinct types of tumor thrombus. However, we wouldlike to raise the following concerns.First, the number of patients in this study is too small to draw a conclusive resultregarding whether the prognosis of BDTT patients is inferior or superior to that ofPVTT patients. Sufficient sample size is a critical factor to guarantee the validityand credibility of scientific reports. Therefore, we suggest the authors enlarge thesample size. View the original paper by Yang and colleaguesA Response to Letter has been published for this article. &nbsp

Distant water fisheries policy is an important management tool to regulate the development of distant water fisheries of China. This paper aims to describe the changing focus of distant water fisheries policies by analyzing their development over 30 years. In this paper, the policy of China's distant water fisheries since 1985 was studied by means of word frequency and social network analyses. According to the time sequence of policy promulgation, the period is divided into four chronological stages: supervision and management, industrial structure optimization, in-depth exploration of international resources and key transformation. Correspondingly, the development of China's distant water fisheries policies is analyzed, including the formation of more comprehensive management policies, increased diversification of policy participants, increased prominence of technology and shift to cooperative exploration of fishery resources. This paper summarized the problems the policies still face, including lack of more effective prevention measures and emergency response measures for foreign-related fishing vessel incidents, limited policy participants, not in sync with international rules and fewer types of policy tools. Therefore, in order to promote the development of distant water fisheries and ensure biological sustainability, it is important to fully consider and implement improved supervision and management policies, public participation, relevant international rules and policy tools reflecting biologically sustainable resource utilization in the future.

Although face recognition has achieved good performance in attendance marking system, people need to cooperate with the camera. Human identification recognition performs poorly in surveillance videos because of the deformed and occluded conditions. In this paper, we propose a new method to recognize human identification using global and local structural information. Firstly, we combine pedestrian detection and tracking with face recognition, in order to improve the recognition performance of occlusion and deformed faces. Secondly, we propose a selective recognition algorithm based on pedestrian trajectory, which is used to identify the pedestrian walking towards the webcam. Finally, we conduct experiments on our own human identification dataset, which contains 93 challenging video sequences captured in the corridor. Our method achieves better performance than methods only using face information.

An advanced laser headlight module (LHM) employing highly reliable glass phosphor is demonstrated. The novel glass-based YAG phosphor-converter layers fabricated by low-temperature of 750°C exhibited better thermal stability. The LHM consisted of a 5 × 1 blue laser diode array, an aspherical lens, a glass phosphor-converter layer with an aluminum thermal dissipation substrate, and a dichroic filter to allow pass blue light and reflect yellow phosphor light. The 5 × 1 blue laser array was packaged with five blue lasers having optical power of 1.2 W per laser. The LHM exhibited total output optical power of 6 W, luminous flux of 1860 lm, relative color temperature of 4100 K, and efficiency of more than 310 lm/W. The high-beam patterns of the LHMs were measured to be 45,000 luminous intensity (cd) at 0°, 31,000 cd at ± 2.5°, and 12,500 cd at ± 5°, which were well satisfied the ECE R112 class B regulation. The proposed high-performance LHM with highly reliable glass-based phosphor-converter layer fabricated by low temperature is favorable as one of the promising LHM candidates for use in the next-generation automobile headlight applications.

Face recognition achieves good performance in attendance marking system, but most of face attendance marking systems need people cooperate with the camera. In this paper, we propose the real-time face attendance marking system. It works well in non-cooperative environments. Firstly, detected face regions are tracked to help detection algorithm detect occluded and deformed faces. Then, the features of tracklets (track fragment) formed by detected faces are extracted to realize face recognition. By using tracklets instead of a single image, it realizes robust recognition in non-cooperative environments. Finally, we create a reference gallery of multimodal facial features, which improves the accuracy and speed of multimodal face recognition. Experiments show that our system can detect and recognize multimodal faces in non-cooperative environments and run in real-time (25FPS).

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is uncommon in clinical practice. Surgical resection can achieve better survival than non-operative palliative treatments. However, there is great controversy regarding the optimal surgical modality, particularly regarding the approach to remove BDTT in patients with HCC with macroscopic BDTT. Methods Data from consecutive patients who underwent radical surgery for HCC and macroscopic BDTT at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The survival outcomes of patients who underwent hepatectomy combined with extrahepatic bile duct resection (the EBDR group) were compared with those of patients undergoing liver resection plus thrombectomy (the thrombectomy group) using propensity score matching (PSM). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results 217 patients included in this study were divided into two groups: the EBDR group (n=30) and the thrombectomy group (n=187). A total of 90 patients were matched by PSM with a 1:2 ratio. Before PSM, the OS and RFS rates were comparable between the two groups (for OS, P=0.517; for RFS, P=0.211). After PSM, the OS rates did not differ statistically significantly between the EBDR and thrombectomy groups (P=0.134). Nevertheless, the RFS rate of the EBDR group was significantly higher compared to that of the thrombectomy group (P=0.020). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that some traditional risk factors, such as tumor size and microscopic resection margin, were more important prognostic factors than the BDTT type. Conclusions For patients with HCC and macroscopic BDTT, hepatectomy combined with extrahepatic bile duct resection is associated with a reduced recurrence rate in comparison with concurrent thrombectomy. Further large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of different surgical modalities on these patients' survival.

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have shown great success in the display applications recently. However, the applications of OLEDs in lighting are still limited due to their complex device structures. Here, we developed a novel phosphor doped glass substrate with both high scattering and excellent color conversion capability to greatly simplify the device structures of white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). A simple-structured WOLED comprising a blue OLED and the scattering fluorescent substrate was demonstrated to realize high quality white light for lighting applications. The WOLED exhibits a turn-on voltage of 2.7 V, a maximum power efficiency of 29.8 lm/W, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.2%, a color rendering index (CRI) of 86, and a correlated color-temperature (CCT) of 3900 K. The low turn-on voltage can be attributed to the single emissive layer structure used in the WOLED. The high power efficiency as well as the high EQE are due to both the high color conversion efficiency and the high scattering capability of the fluorescent substrate. In addition, the WOLED is favorable for high-quality solid-state lighting in our daily life due to its high color rendering ability along with an adequate CCT CC.

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) remains controversial, especially regarding deciding whether to perform concurrent bile duct resection (BDR). METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception to February 2020, in order to compare overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of HCC patients with BDTT who had either received hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection (BDR group) or hepatectomy without bile duct resection (NBDR group). Relevant outcomes were extracted by two investigators. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies involving 355 patients was included. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates were similar in the BDR and NBDR groups (OR =0.58, 95% CI: 0.31–1.09, P=0.09; OR =0.74, 95% CI: 0.43–1.28, P=0.28; OR =0.63, 95% CI: 0.36–1.11, P=0.11, respectively). However, the BDR group had better 1-, 3- and 5-year RFS rates than the NBDR group (OR =0.38, 95% CI: 0.22–0.65, P

Micro-expressions are brief facial movements characterized by short duration, involuntariness and low intensity. Recognition of spontaneous facial micro-expressions is a great challenge. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Main Directional Mean Optical-flow (MDMO) feature for micro-expression recognition. We apply a robust optical flow method on micro-expression video clips and partition the facial area into regions of interest (ROIs) based partially on action units. The MDMO is a ROI-based, normalized statistic feature that considers both local statistic motion information and its spatial location. One of the significant characteristics of MDMO is that its feature dimension is small. The length of a MDMO feature vector is $36 \times 2=72$ , where $36$ is the number of ROIs. Furthermore, to reduce the influence of noise due to head movements, we propose an optical-flow-driven method to align all frames of a micro-expression video clip. Finally, a SVM classifier with the proposed MDMO feature is adopted for micro-expression recognition. Experimental results on three spontaneous micro-expression databases, namely SMIC, CASME and CASME II, show that the MDMO can achieve better performance than two state-of-the-art baseline features, i.e., LBP-TOP and HOOF.

This paper aims to discuss the evolution of marine spatial planning policies for mariculture in China. Word frequency analysis was used to analyze the evolution of marine spatial planning (MSP) policies. The marine spatial planning policies for mariculture in China since 1988 were divided into three periods: the production period, the integrated management period and the sustainable development period. The experience was analyzed accordingly and listed as follows: focusing on environmental issues, improving production quality and sustainable development in mariculture, application of diverse policy tools, and pre-event monitoring and post-event evaluation. Finally, we proposed prospects based on the formulation and implementation of MSP policies in the long run, such as improving policy implementation and regulations, supporting more stakeholders to engage in activities and developing long-term planning.

We report and demonstrate the feasibility of adapting glass as a phosphor-converted layer in laser headlight module, instead of conventional doped silicone that can potentially provide higher reliability and better performance for advanced laser headlight module. A laser headlight module (HLM) consists of blue a high-power laser array, a color phosphor, and an optical micro-lens system. The color phosphor is a key component in the HLM which consists of glass-based yellow phosphor-converted layer. The conversion layer of the yellow Ce:YAG phosphor is bonded on an aluminum substrate. A blue high-power laser array is used to excite the color phosphor and then release yellow light. Then, the combinations of blue and yellow light become white-laser light for use in the HLM. In this study, the fabrication of HLM with the glass-based yellow phosphor-converted layers is presented. The optical performance of the HLM including lumen, lumen efficiency, chromaticity, and transmission is detailed discussion. This study demonstrates the adapting glass as a phosphor-converted color phosphor in the HLMs that provide high-reliability and better performance for use in the new-generation laser headlight module.

This study aimed to assess the short-term efficacy of sequential therapy for T2/T3a bladder cancer with intravesical single-port laparoscopic partial cystectomy or open partial cystectomy combined with cisplatin plus gemcitabine (GC) chemotherapy in a prospective randomized controlled study. Thirty patients with bladder cancer who underwent open partial cystectomy (group A) or single-port laparoscopic partial cystectomy (group B) and received standard GC chemotherapy were analyzed. Perioperative functional indicators and tumor recurrence during a 1-year postoperative follow-up were compared between the two groups. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The mean operative time, amount of blood loss and duration of hospital stay were 90.3 min, 182.0 ml and 7.3 days, respectively, for group A, and 105.3 min, 49.3 ml and 5.8 days, respectively, for group B. No secondary postoperative bleeding, urine leakage, wound infection or other complications were observed in the two groups. Postoperative scarring was not evident in group B. The overall incidence of surgical complications, tumor recurrence rate and complications during chemotherapy in the postoperative follow-up period of 12 months were similar between the two groups. Single-port laparoscopic partial cystectomy surgery is an idea surgical method for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer, with good surgical effect, minimal invasiveness, rapid recovery and short hospital stay. The data from 1-year postoperative follow-up showed that laparoscopic surgery was superior with regard to perioperative bleeding, postoperative recovery and duration of indwelling urinary catheter use. However, regarding the tumor recurrence rate, long-term comparative details are required to determine the effect of laparoscopic surgery.

The query of database must rely on professional query language, which is difficult to grasp for ordinary users. Natural language query interface (NLQI) can be applied to solve this problem with better human-computer interaction and intelligence. However, current natural language understanding technology is not mature. Though the query sentences’ structure is fixed, it is also difficult to accurately convert query sentences into understandable database query language for computer. Therefore a method of designing NLQI based on syntax and semantic analysis is proposed in this paper. First of all, Maximum forward and maximum reverse matching algorithms are used to analyse sentence by part of speech (POS) template, which is able to demonstrate the syntax relationship among the words. After syntax analysis, query conditions and targets are identified. Then, single conditions and targets are analyzed to relative standard forms by the relationship among entity, property, connect verb and unit. At last, these standard forms are transformed to SQL sentence. Regarding printing ERP system as experimental subject, experiment is done in this paper. The result shows that the method proposed in this paper can meet the needs of natural language query, and has a good transform effect for combination, omitting and other complex sentences.

The effect of electrode wear is significant on machining quality, in order to ensure the processing precision of micro-EDM milling, need to give reasonable compensation for the tool electrode. In this paper, based on the model of fixed length compensation method to machining the micro groove with micro-EDM by layered milling experiment, moreover, adopted the orthogonal machining path and the machine vision technology to obtain the stable end of the electrode image after processing, and then determine the reasonable path of trajectory overlap. The experimental results show that, the electrode compensation model can availably compensate the electrode wear, and the processing time is shortened by 50% with the machining method of orthogonal trajectories, and the method can make the residual cut remove obviously, gained good machining precision. We observe the bottom section linearity of micro groove is very good and the processing error of the micro groove depth is about 2 μm by the optical microscope.

According to operation requirement for overhead transmission lines inspection, designing and manufacturing the small UAV airborne pod system structure which has two axis three framework with spring damping system , assembling into the UAV for ultrahigh pressure overhead transmission lines inspection test. The test data showed that the accuracy of the small UAV airborne pod system stabilization met the requirement of transmission line inspection. The operation situation of transmission line and the growth situation of the trees around the transmission lines could be clearly observed. In order to quickly, effectively discover and eliminate ultrahigh pressure transmission line fault by providing clear image information, which had obvious superiority with the environment of high altitude and low temperature. The rationality of theoretical analysis and the practicability of transmission lines inspection for small UAV airborne pod system were verified.

A new kind of human-imitate shooting platform is needed, so that the automation and standardization of small arm experiment could be realized. And the main part of shooting platform design is the modeling of human-gun interaction system. The main object of this paper is modeling human-gun interaction system by testing the model of the system. Firstly, the testing scheme is promoted for testing interaction between gun and human shoulder, and high quality test data is collected. Then, the model parameter of human-gun system is calculated by the method of model parameter identification. 3D model of human-gun system is built. At last, the dynamic simulation is made by ADAMS. And human-gun model built by experiment method is verified.

In view of the deficiencies of current inspection methods on high-voltage transmission lines, the paper introduces a kind of inspection robot from two parts of mechanical structure and control system. A three-arm structure is adopted in the mechanical structure, while the control system is composed of the supervisory control subsystem on the ground and the body control subsystem. The PC/104 and AT89S52 are used for the master controller and control chip, and the BLDC is used for the power drive component. Through the simulation analysis by Matlab/Simulink, the anti-interference performance and speed control performance of the walking wheel motor control system is explored. Besides, conclusion that the walking wheel motor control system meets the requirement of speed is drawn.

Al2O3 ceramics are widely used in aerospace, defense industry, microelectronics industry and many other fields, but the precision machining methods of this material are restricted because of the high hardness. Therefore, this paper makes an orthogonal experiment of high-speed micro-milling Al2O3 ceramics by machining full-diameter micro-grooves. The feasibility of micro-milling Al2O3 ceramics with diamond coated tools is verified. In the experiment, surface roughness values obtained are treated as evaluation indexes. And the influences of many process parameters on the workpiece surface roughness are analyzed by range analysis method. These parameters are spindle speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut. Then optimized the process parameters and obtained a set of suitable parameters to micro-mill Al2O3 ceramics.

：Based on the real geometry and boundary conditions of the wheels and rails, the models of 60kg/m U75V heavy rail and the wear regions of LM are built using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The internal stress value and variation of the heavy rails that were repeatedly crushed by the rolling wheels are analyzed using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D software. The relationship of the internal stress and variation of heavy rails with the repeated rolling of the wheels are obtained. It provides an important theoretical proof and reference significance to prevent the different failure behaviors of the rails.

Based on the concept of modularity and reconfiguration, this paper adopts the function— principle—structure modeling approach, shedding light on dividing and reconstructing the modules based on the product function and finally put forward molding scheme. The author also verifies the feasibility of this kind of modeling method with the reconfigurable machine tools in turning and milling as case study.

The lumen degradation, chromaticity shift, transmittance loss, and mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) evaluation in glass- and silicone-based high-power phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (PC-WLEDs) under accelerated thermal aging at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C are presented and compared. The silicone-based PC-WLEDs exhibited less thermal stability than the glass-based PC-WLEDs by 1.86, 2.79, and 4.76 times higher lumen losses, 3.05, 3.26, and 6.84 times larger chromaticity shifts, and 1.82, 2.62, and 6.67 times greater transmittance losses at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C, respectively. The results also showed that the glass-based PC-WLEDs exhibited higher MTTF than the silicone-based PC-WLEDs by 20 times at room temperature. The peaks of the emission and excitation spectra for both silicone and glass phosphors were not significantly changed after thermal aging, evidenced by fluorescence spectrophotometer analyses. This indicated that the fluorescent ability of Ce:YAG-doped phosphor materials did not change after thermal aging and the transmittance loss was corresponding to the lumen loss and chromaticity shift. The results of the lumen loss, chromaticity shift, transmittance loss, and MTTF investigations clearly demonstrated that the thermal-stability performance of the glass-based PC-WLEDs was better than that of the silicone-based PC-WLEDs. The advantage of employing doped glass encapsulation in high-power PC-WLEDs could be explained: The material property of glass transition temperature of 750 °C was higher than that of silicone transition temperature of 150 °C. A better thermal stability phosphor layer of glass as encapsulation material may be beneficial to many applications where the LED modules with high power and high reliability are demanded for use in next-generation solid-state lighting.

In order to solve the problem of low recovery rate of top-coal during fully-mechanized coal caving with large inclination angle, the optimization of fully-mechanized hard top-coal caving with large inclination angle is studied in this paper respectively in the two aspects of changing caving characteristics of top-coal and caving process. By adopting the method of top-coal pre-blasting to weaken top-coal, the caving characteristics is effectively improved which creates conditions for the successful caving of top-coal; meanwhile, the statistical result of recovery rate of top-coal is obtained by using numerical simulation software PFC2D based on particle element model, it is found that coal loss during top-coal caving and the loss at the ends of working face is effectively reduced when 2 cuttings and 1 caving method with multi-round spaced drawing is taken, which significantly improved the recovery rate of top-coal and it has passed the field test of industrial experiment. This technological achievement could provide some reference to the fully mechanized working face in this coal mine or working faces under similar geological conditions.

The gob of small colliery has been one of the main factors threatening the safe production of coal mine. The repeated mining working face in a certain mine is the practical engineering background in this paper to study the influence of gob in small colliery on the mining of lower layer. By using the numerical simulation software FLAC3D, the stress distribution law and the change of displacement during lower layer mining were analysed. It can be concluded from the analysis of field measurement data that: there is stress relief under the gob of small colliery because the distribution of coal is irregular resulting from the random distribution of gobs in small colliery, while the residual coal causes the effect of stress concentration on the lower layer mining; relatively large displacement appears in the caving zone of the upper layer by the roof of working face and the support should be strengthened appropriately during mining; meanwhile, the gob of small colliery can cause the nonuniform distance of periodic weighting in the roof, and segmented pressure behavior can be observed during the periodic weighting of the working face. Research results could provide some guidance to the safe and efficient production in repeated mining working face in the mining with similar conditions.

Pedicle screws have been widely used for the treatment of spinal diseases, but improper screw placement is not uncommon and may lead to neurovascular injuries and reduced screw fixation strength. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using real-time screw insertion torque monitoring to prevent screw penetration. Commercially available synthetic L4 vertebrae were divided in to seven test groups based on different screw placements. Screw insertion torque and maximal pullout strength were compared among groups. The results indicated that the insertion torque gradually increased when the screw tip was within vertebral cancellous bone without penetration. However, an instantaneous decrease of torque value was observed once the screw tip penetrated the cortex wall. When compared to the control group, higher pullout strength was found for the groups with medial cortex penetration. However, vertebrae with medial cortex penetration may lead to the concern of neurovascular damage. Meanwhile, lower pullout strength was found for the groups with lateral cortex penetration and end-plate penetration, which may lead to the concern of screw loosening. We concluded that pedicle screw penetration can be judged using real-time screw insertion torque monitoring during surgery, which may aid surgeons in avoiding neurovascular injury and reduction of screw fixation strength.

The hot preflex cooling and compound straightening are the last two consecutive deformation processes and determine the straightness, residual stress and cross-sectional size for fabricating hundred-meter heavy rail products. The compound straightening process needs to be adjusted by the preflex cooling status. For studying the straightness, residual stress and cross-sectional size of heavy rail products, the preflex cooling model (including the residual stress) of heavy rail after cooling should be taken as straightening model for studying the compound straightening. In this paper, the results by ANSYS implicit analysis (geometry model and stress state of the cold heavy rail) is fully imported to the compound straightening by ANSYS/LS-DYNA explicit analysis through an implicit-explicit conversion method, which resolved the connection problem of coupling and analysis models for solving complex models in multi-physical fields. It is very significant for solving the similar problems in engineering.

The paper introduces a kind of inspection robot for high-voltage transmission lines from two parts:Mechanical structure and control system. Three arms is adopted in the mechanical structure, while the control system used a hierarchical modular control scheme is designed to a kind of three-layer control structure including the ground monitoring layer, the task decision layer and the action execution layer. The PC/104 and AT89C51 is used for the main control computer, and the MX-servo is used for the power drive components. Except for describing the robots working process of crossing obstacles in detail, the paper also introduces the responsibilities, hardware components, software design process of the control system. From the simulation experiment on motion control system using Matlab/Simulink, we can conclude that the motion control system of the robot has high-stability and reliability and meet the design requirements.

The spindle system in a precision multi-shafting friction torque measuring instrument is one of the most important parts of the instrument, its vibration characteristic analysis is an important work in the design of the instrument. At first, the spindle system of the horizontal structure in the instrument is analyzed. The supporting shaft, the measuring shaft and the torque sensor are simplified to be a whole,the bearing supports are simulated by using the elastic supports. Then the 3D model of the spindle system is built with CATIA. Finally by using finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench, the modal analysis of the spindle system simplified is carried out to obtain the natural frequencies,the vibration modes of the first 6 orders and the critical speeds. The results show that the the spindle system can effectively avoid the resonance region.The necessary basis for further dynamics analysis is also provided through the modal analysis.

Missing data universally exists in various research fields and it results in bad computational performance and effcet. In order to improve the accuracy of filling in the missing data, a filling missing data algorithm of the nearest neighbor based on the cluster analysis is proposed by this paper. After clustering data analysis,the algorithm assigns weights according to the categories and improves calculation formula and filling value calculation based on the MGNN (Mahalanobis-Gray and Nearest Neighbor algorithm) algorithm.The experimental results show that the filling accuracy of the method is higher than traditional KNN algorithm and MGNN algorithm.

This case report presents an evaluation of the clinical effects of an allogeneic amniotic cell transplant for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. A 26-year-old man with type 1 diabetes was treated with stem cells isolated from his neonatal son’s amniotic membrane, collected at birth (2 × 107 cells). The cells, which expressed high levels of cluster of differentiation (CD) 133 and CD34 as assessed by flow cytometry, were infused into the pancreatic dorsal artery through the left femoral artery. The main study outcome was the change in exogenous insulin requirements, which began to decrease 3 days after transplantation. At 3 months post-transplantation, the patient was insulin independent and remained so for 6.2 months. During a 36-month follow-up, the patient’s blood glucose remained under control and insulin treatment was readjusted to a dosage of 8 IU/day. These preliminary data suggest that amniotic membrane stem cell transplantation can improve islet-cell function in response to glucose in vivo, although an alternative explanation (such as a honeymoon period due to reduced glucose toxicity) also has to be considered.