1. Is p-Phenylenediamine Still a Prevalent Contact Allergen in Spain?
- Author
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M.A. Descalzo-Gallego, Ignacio García-Doval, P. Mercader, Juan García-Gavín, Virginia Fernández-Redondo, J.C. Armario-Hita, I. Ruiz-Gonzalez, J.F. Silvestre, Javier Sánchez-Pérez, and A. Giménez-Arnau
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Histology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cosmetics ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Allergen ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Contact eczema ,media_common ,business.industry ,p-Phenylenediamine ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,business ,Contact dermatitis - Abstract
Objectives To analyze trends in the prevalence of contact sensitization to p-phenylenediamine between 2004 and 2014, taking into consideration that the concentration of this product in cosmetics was regulated in 2009. To explore risk factors for contact allergy to p-phenylenediamine. Material and methods Retrospective observational study of patients suspected of having contact dermatitis from allergy to p-phenylenediamine during the years between 2004 and 2015 in 8 tertiary level hospitals. The patients underwent patch testing (TRUE-test) with the standard series of the Spanish Research Group on Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergies. This series included p-phenylenediamine 1%. We followed international recommendations for the statistical analysis of data related to contact allergies. Results Three hundred eighty-six out of 9341 patients (4.1%) had positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine. The prevalence tended to decrease in the early years (2004-2007) and then leveled off at around 4%. Risk factors for developing contact dermatitis from p-phenylenediamine were sex, age over 40 years, multiple sensitivities, and profession, notably workers in hair salons and those who handle rubber and plastics. Conclusions The prevalence of p-phenylenediamine allergy remains high among patients with contact eczema. Risk factors for p-phenylenediamine contact allergy are consistent with previous reports.
- Published
- 2020
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