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Wireless Sensor Node (WSN) helps to track inpatient and remote patient (home/working) health information. Mishandling of the electronic system, patient behaviour and environmental changes which are all lead to incorrect data generation while using WSN for medical purposes. It leads to a false alarm being raised, network resource wastage, a false node priority level and low reliability. We have introduced the Mutual Trust Model (MTM) for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) with the help of Fog-Node (FN) to address these issues and to ensure the trustworthiness of the information acquired. In this, First-Hand Trust Method calculates the confidence value of the individual sensor node. Then, with neighbor node support, the Stigmercy Trust Method (STM) is implemented to reinforce the trust source node. Ultimately, the individual patient’s confidence value for the MTM model is determined. With the assistance of the wireless-mininet network emulator and the RYU controller, the network environment model implement, and the results have been obtained. MTM predicts the confidence level of the collected data significantly and produces an accuracy of 92.3 percentage to prevent the emergency band from being used dispensable.

Diabetic retinopathy is becoming a more prevalent disease in diabetic patients nowadays. The surprising fact about the disease is it leaves no symptoms at the beginning stage and the patient can realize the disease only when his vision starts to fall. If the disease is not found at the earliest it leads to a stage where the probability of curing the disease is less. But if we find the disease at that stage, the patient might be in a situation of losing the vision completely. Hence, this paper aims at finding the disease at the earliest possible stage by extracting two features from the retinal image namely Microaneurysms which is found to be the starting symptom showing feature and Hemorrhage which shows symptoms of the other stages. Based on these two features we classify the stage of the disease as normal, beginning, mild and severe using convolutional neural network, a deep learning technique which reduces the burden of manual feature extraction and gives higher accuracy. We also locate the position of these features in the disease affected retinal images to help the doctors offer better medical treatment.

Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy known as GDM is a severe disorder that develops during pregnancy and its prevalence is rapidly increasing all around the world. It arises due to two major metabolic defects; acute resistance of insulin and dysfunctioning of beta cells. Numerous organs are additionally associated with the pathological process of GDM. There are two types of factors that are associated with GDM that are modifiable and non-modifiable. GDM can cause serious long-term complications to both fetus and mother due to maternal hereditary proneness linked with the environment and fetoplacental aspects. The purpose of this manuscript is to audit GDM in detail and to provide a logical information with refreshed exploration from various angles.

Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) like gastro-retentive microspheres have gained immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery. It is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. Different innovative approaches like magnetic field assisted gastro-retention, swelling systems, mucoadhesion techniques, floating systems with or without effervescence are being applied to fabricate gastroretentive microspheres. Apart from in-vitro characterization, successful gastro-retentive microspheres development demands well designed in-vivo study to establish enhanced gastro-retention and prolonged drug release. Gama scintigraphy and MRI are popular techniques to evaluate in-vivo gastric residence time. However, checking of their overall in-vivo efficacy still remains a major challenge for this kind of dosage form, especially in small animals like mice or rat. Reported in-vivo studies with beagle dogs, rabbits, and human subjects are only a handful in spite of a large number of encouraging in-vitro results. In spite of the many advantages, high subject variations in gastrointestinal physiological condition, effect of food, and variable rate of gastric emptying time are the challenges that limit the availability of gastro-retentive microspheres in the market.

Internet of things (IoT) remains one of the most electrifying and fast burgeoning fields. It permits most of the things like any objects are controlled with very less manpower and we can control things anywhere and anytime by using network. In this paper that going to be constructing that the “Detection of Blockage in Manhole Using IoT”. Detecting a struck in the manhole pipe, due to blockage of sludge in a pipe. Here by using detecting the length of the pipe using ultrasonic sensor till where the sludge struck with the help of capturing image of sludge to aware of, due to gloominess inside a manhole by provide a luminescence, which helps to capture picture of particular sludge. And with the help of developing an application to control the device, by using that application data access can be done (captured picture) using a cloud. In traditional method, sewers have to do cleaning in all the cities (areas). In gutters, workers stand in the waste, which reaches chest level and with the help of long wooden sticks and broomsticks they clear blockage. In some areas workers crawl into a sewage, without wearing any protective gear. And those workers are treated very badly by the society. Thus, sewers need to work a lot to clear blockage. But now by using this technique it will be very much easier to reduce a man power and also incremental steps can be added further.

The notion of Cloud computing has reshaped the field of a distributed system as well as that changed the organizations to use processing and computing today. The educational institutions have been utilizing the computing resources through the e-learning technologies, which overcomes the traditional pedagogy in learning but the majority of the understudies in the village are not able to get their instructive properties and the highlighting issue that emerges inside the training framework is missing of value in teaching and that are resolved through the e-learning assets utilization. The accessibility of the asset is not as simple for the bucolic based environment and they were not aware of cloud resource utilization. It can be made accessible through the custom built educational portal. Thus it enables understudies of common domains to get to the electronic utilization with the help of tablets and mobile phones.

Takayasu arteritis is a relatively rare type of large-vessel arteritis that primarily affects the aorta and its major branches, the coronary arteries, and the pulmonary arteries. Depending on the different groups of blood vessels involved in the disease process, the clinical presentation of Takayasu arteritis varies. Here we report a case of a girl presenting with a debilitating massive cerebral ischemic infarct that turned out to be a relatively rare first presentation of Takayasu arteritis. Case report of 15 years old adolescent female hailing from lower socio-economic status with past history of chronic headache, no significant family history, completely immunized presented with sudden onset weakness of right upper and lower limbs, which progressed over 1day with aphasia (recovering) with deviation of angle of mouth to left side On examination left radial ,carotid artery not palpable. Her laboratory results showed an elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and subsequent CT angiography demonstrated narrowing and occlusion of the major branches of her aortic arch. We report the case of a patient with Takayasu arteritis presenting with a massive cerebral ischemic infarct and review the current literature on this topic. Conclusion of takayasu arteritis is a relatively rare disease with various and sometimes devastating clinical manifestations, such as massive cerebral ischemic infarction as in our case. Currently, there are multiple diagnostic tools and treatment options available, and more under investigation. Early, appropriate diagnosis and initiation of proper therapy could avoid further progression and reduce complications of the disease.

Integration of microbiological data and geographical locations is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal patterns of the microbial diversity of an ecosystem. The Geographic Information System (GIS) to map and catalogue the data on the actinobacterial diversity of the Southern Ocean waters was completed through sampling and analysis. Water samples collected at two sampling stations viz. Polar Front 1 (Station 1) and Polar Front 2 (Station 2) during 7th Indian Scientific Expedition to the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean (SOE-2012-13) were used for analysis. At the outset, two different genera of Actinobacteria were recorded at both sampling stations. Streptomyces was the dominanted with the high score (> 60%), followed by Nocardiopsis (< 30%) at both the sampling stations-Polar Front 1 and Polar Front 2-along with other invasive genera such as Agrococcus, Arthrobacter, Cryobacterium, Curtobacterium, Microbacterium, Marisediminicola, Rhodococcus and Kocuria. This data will help to discriminate the diversity and distribution pattern of the Actinobacteria in the Polar Frontal Region of the Southern Ocean waters. It is a novel approach useful for geospatial cataloguing of microbial diversity from extreme niches and in various environmental gradations. Furthermore, this research work will act as the milestone for bioprospecting of microbial communities and their products having potential applications in healthcare, agriculture and beneficial to mankind. Hence, this research work would have significance in creating a database on microbial communities of the Antarctic ecosystem. Keywords: Antarctica, Marine actinobacteria, Southern ocean, GIS, Polar Frontal waters, Microbiome

Image processing for medical field has contributed a max beyond limits and many fuzzy solutions have also been proposed. In current scenario of technological addiction cataract based problems are encountered due to prolong exposure towards sharp light emitting devices. 55% of vision impairment is reported from cataract under urban region. In this paper, a cataract density ration is analyzed under color image processing for acquiring affected and unaffected region. The paper has reached the accuracy rate of 87.3% under medical samples.

Background Premature atherosclerosis is a well recognised comorbidity in patients with SLE (1). Elevated levels of circulating Oxidised Low Density Lipoprotein (OxLDL) have been described in SLE patients, especially in those with a history of cardiovascular disease (2). Paraoxonase 3 (PON 3) is believed to play a role in prevention of atherosclerosis by contributing towards the anti oxidant actions of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Objectives To determine serum PON3 levels and PON 3 activity in patients with SLE and compare them with healthy controls. Methods Serum PON 3 levels and PON3 activity were determined in 100 patients of SLE with no prior history of coronary artery disease and they were compared with those of 50 healthy controls who did not have diabetes, hypertension or coronary artery disease. Serum PON3 concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-PON3 antibody specific for human PON3. PON 3 activity was estimated using Spectrophotometric assay which quantified the hydrolysis of dihydrocoumarin at 270 nm (3). Results PON 3 levels were lower in SLE patients (P 2 =0.06, p 2 =0.03, p=0.035), and SLE status (r 2 =0.27, p 2 =0.15, p 2 =0.04, p=0.01), ALT (r 2 =0.16, p 2 =0.77, p Conclusions PON3 levels are reduced and PON 3 activity is decreased in patients with SLE as compared to healthy controls, the difference was attributable to the disease itself. This may contribute to premature atherosclerosis in these patients. References Nikpour M, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD. Premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2005;31:329–54. Frostegard J, Svenungsson E, Wu R et al. Lipid peroxidation is enhanced in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with arterial and renal disease manifestations. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:192–200. Draganov DI, Teiber JF, Speelman A et al. Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:1239–47. Acknowledgements None. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Wireless spread spectrum is a standout amongst the most valuable assets. With the fast development of the quantity of remote gadgets, interchanges over the unlicensed range groups get to be extremely swarmed. Data dissemination in the wireless environment is usually characterized as the spreading of data to numerous goals through communicating. The principle target is to achieve the most extreme number of neighbors with each sent parcel. The main objective of the paper is to find the best routing and resource allocation strategies in order to minimize the average end-to-end delay of multiple data connections in the cognitive radio based wireless mesh network. Wireless mesh nodes utilize the cognitive radio to share the spectrum with primary users. Depending on the primary user's activities, the spectrum resources available to the cognitive mesh nodes are varying in both space and time. In this joint design scheme can accommodate the traffic load, or achieve half the delay compared to the disjoint methods.

Energy saving is one of the major concerns in the present era. The project highlights the necessity of Power Audit in the residential feeders and the need of local MicroGrid design. The present study deals with Power Audit Analysis of 132 residential houses and 10 commercial buildings, connected to the 250 Kva distribution transformer feeders. The Detailed Power Audit is carried out for 10 houses connected to the feeder and preliminary audit is carried out for 122 houses. Recommendations are proposed further with Micro Grid for reducing the dependency of at least 20% loads of houses on Main Grid and for encouraging people to generate their own power. The suggested implementation tested with ETAP simulation and concluded with the improvement of energy efficiency of Residential houses and thereby reducing the energy wastage.

Sustainability is a balanced approach that puts equal focus on the environment, economy and society. Research suggests that safety issues is an integral dimension of social sustainability and considered as the major concern in the construction industry. Despite the rapid advancement of technology, implementation and establishment of safety programs, it is revealed that the rate of the fatalities and injuries in this industry is extremely high. However, in this sector achieving a safe working environment is an ongoing challenge. Therefore, this study aims at identifying and assessing the potential factors of safety practices in sustainable construction. A review of the current state-of-the-practices in the area of construction safety would be indispensable for establishing the critical factors and mitigation measures to share innovative research findings and gain access to future research trends. From the literature analysis thirty-seven (37) factors and twenty (20) mitigation measures were identified and presented a database of the findings of construction safety. The findings of this study can serve as motivation for researchers and practitioners to work on the next generation of studies and the development of future effective measures, thus ensuring a safe construction environment.

A Wireless sensor network is a collection of Wireless nodes with limited energy capabilities that may be mobile or stationary and are located randomly on a dynamically changing environment. How to effectively control the power of the sensor nodes and extend the life time of the whole network become a very important issue. This project presents the clustering approach which includes the Wireless sensor network. In the clustering approaches share the loads with cluster head nodes. To extend the cluster head's life and extend the life time of network based on the distance between the cluster head and base station. Energy usage is minimized by exploiting density estimation, sleeping modes and duty cycle control and distance between the cluster head and nodes. In this work, we proposed clustering mechanism. Nodes associate with the nearby CH. Nodes are classified in to critical nodes and non-critical nodes. Critical nodes are continuously transmission between the CH and nodes. so energy usage of critical node is high at the same time non-critical node based on the open loop system. It is not continiously transmit, so minimized energy usage of non-critical nodes. The proposed mechanism will effectively reduce the frequency of the transmission of the sensor nodes more close to sink and achieve the effectiveness of saving power and extending the lifetime of network.

In this paper, we present a Modified Revised Wilson Current Mirror Level Shifter (MRWCMLS) to convert subthreshold voltage to supply voltage with low leakage power. Increasing speed and complexity of today's designs resulted in increase in power consumption. System on Chip (SoC) may have few modules which are supplied with subthreshold voltage to achieve low power consumption and the remaining work with above threshold voltage supply. The level shifter which can convert subthreshold voltage level to supply voltage level is designed to minimize circuit leakage power with optimum number of transistors in the circuit. MRWCMLS has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology and is simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Simulator and the results are compared with the existing level shifters. In comparison with Revised Wilson Current Mirror Level Shifter (RWCMLS), the leakage power with normal transistors and with high Vth transistors type of implementation of the proposed MRWCMLS, is reduced by 34% and 43% respectively.

The process of demonstrating, organizing and evaluating the pictures regarding the information despite of evaluating pictures is the field of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Here we work on the salvage of images based not on keywords or explanations but on features haul out directly from the image data. The well-organized algorithms of salvage algorithms are already proposed. Content Based Image Retrieval has replaced Text Based Image Retrieval. CBIR is processed by more methods and research scientists are working to improve the accuracy of the technique. The project presents that the ROI from an image is retrieved and it retains the image based on Teacher Learning Based Optimization genetic algorithm. The retrieval of the image improves the efficiency based on two metrics such as precision and recall which is the main advantage of the project. The issue of Content Based Image Retrieval systems to provide the semantic gap and to determine the variation between the structure of visual objects and definition of semantics. From the human visual system the visual courtesy is more projected for the purpose of Content Based Image Retrieval. The new similarity based matching method is described based on the saliency map which retains the courtesy values and the regions of interest are hauled out.

Authentication is an obligatory factor in the technological world regarding security. Two factor authentication secures access network and validates and protects user identities. CAPTCHA-"Completely Automated Public Turing" is a challenge response test used in evaluating to check the user is human or not. Modern Cryptography is a practice of representing the assumptions in which the cryptographic protocols are secured in a clear manner. Graphical user Authentication is in the form of cued-click points. However, they do not deal much with shoulder surfing attacks. It is a security option that is designed based on hotspot concepts and the hidden patterns.

This paper aimed to compare the analysis of two different face annotation techniques. There is a sudden powerful research in mining weakly labeled web facial images on the internet to tackle the existing longtime research challenges in computer vision and image processing. In this paper, unified learning framework for auto face annotation by mining web facial images and another scheme Mining weakly labeled web facial images for search-based face annotation are analyzed and the former designed with two learning schemes such as inductive and transductive learning's which are used for this framework. For inductive, weak label laplacian support vector machine is proposed and for transductive weak label regularized local coordinate coding is used. By combining inductive and transductive learning schemes produces a maximum efficacy. For search -based face annotation two algorithms such as ULR algorithm is used to refine the weak labels of web facial images using machine learning techniques and clustering algorithm is used to improve the scalability of the web facial images.

Earlier, web services are used to retrieve data for small amount of user only, but now a day's more data retrieved through web services by more number of users in all the actions of day to day life. There are numerous web services available in the internet to collect the data. Today internet plays a vital role in every body's life. Internet provides all the information one can access through the web service. To make the retrieval more efficient, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) &Mediator Agent Model are used in the project. The Hidden Markov Models can be used to measure and predict the behavior of Web Services in terms of response time, and thus can be used to rank services quantitatively. The mediator agent Model is used to select web services with the help of ranking method. The Mediator Agent Model will provide web service to the user from the web service provider. It will be processed in such a way that optimal result is obtained. If many users refer the optimal site then server loading will occur to reduce that problem server redirection is used in this project.

Background: The postpartum period is an important time in a woman’s life to promote the health of the newborn and the mother. In INDIA, the unmet need for contraception in the first year postpartum is as high as 65%. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) as a method of contraception.Methods: The study was undertaken in KIMS Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore. A total of 60 patients were recruited following complete evaluation. 30 patients had immediate postpartum post placental insertion and 30 patients had intracesarean insertion of Cu T 380A.Results: The patients who accepted PPIUCD mostly belonged to the age group 19-24 years, multigravida with one living issue. Insertion of IUCD was easy in 96.7% of the patients. Only 8.3% of the patients were anxious post insertion. 20% of the patients had minor complications, most commonly, bleeding and pain. There was only one case (1.7%) of infection (vaginitis). There were 23.3% of cases with missing strings but in all these cases IUCD was found in-situ on ultrasonography. Removal rate and expulsion rate were 6.7% and 5% respectively. Continuation rate was 88.3%.Conclusions: We can conclude from this study, that immediate PPIUCD is an effective and inexpensive contraceptive for all delivered women, as it can be easily provided by trained midwives due to its ease of insertion, high continuation rate and no major complications. Thus, we can prevent unwanted pregnancies, abortions and its untoward effects.

The paper deals with harmonic reduction of cascaded multilevel inverter with non equal DC sources using particle swarm optimization algorithm. The proposed Scheme for multilevel inverter is multicarrier PWM control using PSO algorithm. The system is an effective replacement for the conventional method which has high switching losses and eliminates the use of transformer. The simulation result portrays the effective control in the switching angle to obtain minimum THD performance. The simulation of cascaded multilevel inverter is done in Matlab software package in Simulink environment. The application of this scheme is in grid and standalone applications.

Objective: Family welfare program has met with only marginal success due to different levels of awareness and acceptance of methods of family planning in various socioeconomic groups. Unmet needs of family planning are more in tribal population of the country. With this background the study was done to assess the knowledge and practice of family welfare methods among tribal women and to associate the knowledge of family welfare methods with the selected demographic variables.Methods: A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Reproductive aged women of 15-45 y were selected by convenient sampling method in the tribal area of Jawadhu hills.Results: Among 200 women, 188 (94%) of them had inadequate knowledge, 12(6%) had moderate and none of them had adequate knowledge and practice of family welfare methods. There was no significant association between the knowledge and practice of the family welfare methods and the selected demographic variables such as age, educational status and education of her husband, religion, occupation, income, number of living children as well as source of family welfare information.Conclusion: Use of contraceptive methods among tribal population is influenced by various factors. Health care provider should find the unmet needs of the individual tribal women before motivating them to adopt any suitable family planning methods to reduce the maternal complications.