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Hydraulic fracturing has made the production of gas more economical. Shale gas possesses the potential to arise as a main natural gas source worldwide. It has been assessed that the top 42 countries, including the U.S., are predicted to own 7299 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of technically recoverable shale gas resources. The main goal of this paper is to serve as a guide of different shale gas extraction methods. The significance of these methods and possible pros and cons are determined. Each technique was explained with the support of literature review. Specifically, this paper revealed that some fracking methods such as pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharges (PAED), plasma stimulation and fracturing technology (PSF), thermal (cryogenic) fracturing, enhanced bacterial methanogenesis, and heating of rock mass are at the concept stage for conventional and other unconventional resources. Thus, these found to be significant for stimulating natural gas wells, which provides very good production results. This paper also discovered that fracking remains the recommended technique used by the oil and gas industries.

This paper presents the reviews of studies with regards to the development of Green Building Index- Residential New Construction (GBI-RNC). GBI-RNC is considered since the development of Residential Construction is expected to increase every year since Malaysia is considered as a developing country. The Carbon Emission of Residential Construction is evident thus one of the ways to control and commit to Carbon Emission reduction is by promoting Sustainable Development. Even though GBI-RNC has been introduced to the industry since 2009, participation increased just slightly by the year and to reach a rating more than ‘Certified’ are low. Furthermore, a national green rating system is proposed by JKR, to assist with all residential government projects. Therefore, this paper shall present the suggested modifications that should be made to GBI-RNC to improve its elements and gain more influence to maintain as the most used green rating system for residential construction.

The paradigm change in web structure has turned the world of information systems and data sharing to be a huge and diverse storage. As many oil and gas companies vie for attention due to the downturn, more data management is needed. Therefore, oil and gas industries are hungry to share their information for competitive advantage. The challenge is the redundancy or/and unorganized information present in large amounts of data. This paper proposed a methodology for the development of semantic big data for oil and gas data exchange that facilitates data integration. It provides a framework that will be used for accessing the oil and gas data; and integrate the oil and gas unstructured, semi-structured and structured data for better accessibility to users.

This study seeks to measure the temperature difference of 3 types of interlocking bricks and 2 types of conventional bricks, all which are available in Malaysian market. The study aims to assist Malaysia’s residential construction dilemma in masonry. This is done by constructing 5 models using different types of bricks with the same dimensions, finishes and placed in the same area. Six points were taken to measure the temperature differences. The equipment used are 6 Thermocouples and HOBO UX120-014M data logger. Intervals of 15 minutes were recorded with duration of four months in Tronoh, Perak. Results show the best performed brick is IB2, even though IB1 and Clay bricks depict significant temperature differences. Comparing the temperature differences of IB1 and Clay brick, IB1 provide a better performance in a hot weather due to its higher thermal conductivity.

This chapter discusses about the veracity of data. The veracity issue is the challenge of imprecision in big data due to influx of data from diverse sources. To overcome this problem, this chapter proposes a fuzzy knowledge-based framework that will enhance the accessibility of Web data and solve the inconsistency in data model. D2RQ, protégé, and fuzzy Web Ontology Language applications were used for configuration and performance. The chapter also provides the completeness fuzzy knowledge-based algorithm, which was used to determine the robustness and adaptability of the knowledge base. The result shows that the D2RQ is more scalable with respect to performance comparison. Finally, the conclusion and future lines of the research were provided.

Semantic Web provides precise, timely, searchable and well-define information across different sources of data. However, there is need of solving the problem of interoperability due to everyday increase of data from different sources. Whereby, the resourceful information or data integration between human and machines are needed. Thus, more precisely, this paper addresses an ultimate problem of integrating and utilizing the accurate data on information systems. The proposed methodology of this paper includes: (1) grounded theory that focuses on particular interaction between human and machines, (2) developing the analysis; the research introduces the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach, from the development to implementation stages, (3) sources of data; for state-of-the-art research, we propose to use MetOcean (Meteorological and Oceanographic) data, and (4) Research instrument which is to set our research into practice where we will build Semantic Web application using Franz AllegroGraph and use SIMILE (Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in Unlike Environments). Finally, we provide the Ontology model of the for the state-of-the-art research in meteorological and Oceanographic domain.

Web 2.0 is increasingly becoming a familiar pedagogical tool in higher education, facilitating the process of teaching and learning. But this advancement in information technology has further provoked the problems like plagiarism and other academic misconduct. This paper evaluates the patterns of use and behavior of tertiary level students towards the use of Web 2.0 as an alternative and supplemental eLearning Portal. A total of 92 students' data were collected and analyzed according to [1] 'Self-Determination Theory' (SDT). It was found that students use social websites for chatting, gamming and sharing files. Facebook, YouTube and Wikipedia are ranked as the most popular websites used by college students. It also reveals that students have an inherent desire of expressing ideas and opinion online openly and independently. This sense of freedom makes students feel more competent, autonomous or participative and find learning to be less tedious. Therefore, this report, recommends educators to adopt strategies for acknowledging students' feelings and activities online to reinforce positive behavior effective learning. Finally, we discussed the implications of Web 2.0 on education.