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Objective The goal of the study is to investigate demographic findings, clinical characteristics, radiological examination methods, and mortality rate of geriatric patients (aged 65 and above) with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain, that were admitted to the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods 2253 patients included in the study were divided by age as patients aged 65 to 74 years and patients aged 75 years and above. Gender, comorbidity, concomitant complaints examination findings (tenderness defense, rebound), radiological examination methods (radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography), diagnoses, treatments (medical, surgical), discharge, and mortality rate were compared between these patients. Results Of the patients, 62.3% were female, and the mean age was 72.2±5.1 years (65-88). While 59.4% of the patients were in the 65–74 age group, 40.6% of them were aged 75 years and above. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia/Alzheimer's disease, atrial fibrillation were significantly higher in the aged 65 to 74 years patients (p

When postbariatric surgery patients cannot perform the behavior of excessive eating that they used to perform for coping with negative feelings in the preoperative period, they may adopt other new and inappropriate coping behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the risk of substance use and internet addiction in patients with and without food addiction before bariatric surgery. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 203 patients. The results showed that 54.7% of the patients who had food addiction before undergoing bariatric surgery were at risk of internet addiction, and 22.0% were at risk of substance use.

Objective: To determine the maternal deaths and the factors affecting them in our city. Methods: The maternal deaths occurred in our city between January 2015 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The review was conducted by checking “Maternal Death Registry Forms” of the Provincial Directorate of Health. In cases where additional data related with the cause of death were required, the relatives of the cases, associated family practitioner, The Council of Forensic Medicine or local authorities were contacted. The data of the cases including age, gravida, parity, abortion, delivery type, week of gestation during delivery, period of death and maternal deaths due to direct, indirect and incidental causes were recorded. Based on total live births and maternal deaths within 6.5 years, maternal mortality rate was found as the maternal death number per 100,000 live births. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: A total of 46.618 live births occurred between 2015 and 2020 in Elazığ. The number of maternal deaths due to direct and indirect causes is 7, and maternal mortality rate was found 15.01/100,000. Hypertensive diseases during pregnancy (n=3, 42.8%), pulmonary embolism (n=1, 14.3%) and cerebral thrombosis (n=1, 14.3%) were among the natural causes of maternal deaths. Indirect cause for maternal death was cardiac diseases (n=2, 28.6%). When they were categorized according to the Three Delays Model, there were 3 death cases in the first delay model and 2 death cases in the third delay model, but there was no maternal death in the second delay model. Conclusion: Maternal death is an significant public health issue which develops due to the generally preventable causes and maintains its importance. The factors contributing to death should be paid attention in order to decrease maternal death rates.

Objective: Twin pregnancies constitute 1–2% of all pregnancies. With the recent developments in assisted reproductive technologies, the incidence of multiple pregnancy has increased. Preterm labor is held responsible for the poor neonatal outcomes primarily. In our study, we aimed to assess fetal-maternal outcomes of twin pregnancies seen in our clinic. Methods: One hundred and thirty twin pregnancy cases out of 4241 pregnant women who delivered in our clinic between 01.01.2017 and 01.01.2020 were included in the study. The labor records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively and their data for age, week of gestation, delivery type, birth weight, fetal sex, chorionicity characteristics and laboratory parameters were recorded. Definitive statistics and SPSS 21.0 for statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data obtained from the study. The data were presented as mean ± SD (standard deviation). Results: The incidence of twin pregnancy was found 3%. In the ultrasonographic imaging evaluated during diagnosis, 27.7% of the cases were monochorionic and 72% of them were dichorionic. Of the pregnant women, 12.3% were at term and 87.7% were at preterm period. When the preterm fetuses were evaluated, 37.7% of 114 preterm fetuses were delivered at late preterm period, 29.2% of them at mid-preterm period and 20.8% at premature preterm period. The rates of treatment pregnancy (pregnancy provided by ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies) and spontaneous twin pregnancy were 20% and 80%, respectively. Mean maternal age was found 31.3. When evaluated in terms of maternal morbidity, preterm labor and premature rupture of membrane were the most common problems. Mean newborn weight was 1832g and 59.3% of the newborns had low birth weight and 21.8% of them had very low birth weight. While one fetus had transverse presentation in 12.5% of the patients, at least one fetus had breech presentation in 53.1% of the cases and 34.4% of the cases had head-head presentation. Conclusion: Twin pregnancies are characterized by the increased feto-maternal risks. Therefore, both antenatal and intrapartum management should be maintained diligently.

We introduce the Urban Life agent-based simulation used by the Ground Truth program to capture the innate needs of a human-like population and explore how such needs shape social constructs such as friendship and wealth. Urban Life is a spatially explicit model to explore how urban form impacts agents’ daily patterns of life. By meeting up at places agents form social networks, which in turn affect the places the agents visit. In our model, location and co-location affect all levels of decision making as agents prefer to visit nearby places. Co-location is necessary (but not sufficient) to connect agents in the social network. The Urban Life model was used in the Ground Truth program as a virtual world testbed to produce data in a setting in which the underlying ground truth was explicitly known. Data was provided to research teams to test and validate Human Domain research methods to an extent previously impossible. This paper summarizes our Urban Life model’s design and simulation along with a description of how it was used to test the ability of Human Domain research teams to predict future states and to prescribe changes to the simulation to achieve desired outcomes in our simulated world.

Aim: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with pelvic fractures. Material and Methods: We evaluated age, gender, comorbid disease, admission season, mechanisms of the injury, type of the fractures (Young Burgess classification), associated injuries, and mortality of patients with pelvic fractures in the emergency department (ED). Results: Of the 919 patients included in the study, 307 (33.4%) were female and 612 (66.6%) were male. The mean age was 36,5±14,82 (18-80) years. The mean age of males was 35.1 ± 13.63 years, and it was 39.2 ± 16.63 years for females. Of the males, 46.4% were in the 28-37 years range. Comorbid diseases were found in 254 (27.6%) patients. Of the patients, 302 (32.9%) were admitted in winter and 285 (31%) in summer. It was mostly occurred due to automobile accidents 268 (29.2%), followed by falls from height 211 (23%). Automobile accidents were most common in the winter season, while falls from height was more common in the summer. While automobile accidents, falls from height, motorcycle accidents were more common in males compared to females, falls from own height, pedestrians hit by a car, and other injuries were observed more frequently in females than males (p

The growth of CZTS thin films by electrodeposition has numerous advantages in terms of controlling the deposition parameters. However, the electrochemical cells in conventional potentiostat are small and require precise adjustment. Electrodeposition is feasible by controlling solely the current without using a reference electrode and hence an expensive potentiostat. The cost and surface area limitations can be overcome by utilizing the simple two-electrodes cell and a current source. Therefore, in this study, CZTS thin films were amperometrically deposited on various substrates using our novel two-electrode electrochemical cell setup. The structural, morphological, compositional, optoelectronic properties of the electrodeposited CZTS thin films have been precisely investigated by adjusting the deposition current. Stoichiometry measurements reveal that the chemical composition and hence crystallinity of thin films strongly depend on the applied current. The critical deposition current for Zn-rich films was found to be between 0.97 and 0.98 mA/cm2.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, who had a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) below 15, and who had cerebral lesions detected in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Method: The age, gender, causes of CO intoxication, clinical signs, neurological findings, GCS, blood carboxyhemoglobin level (COHb), serum pH, lactate, creatine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase-myocardial band MB (CK-MB), troponin-I level, brain MRI findings, treatment, and mortality status of 327 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age of patients was 31.5 years (IQR=19.5 years), 72.2% of the patients were women. Neurological findings were detected in 34 (10.4%) of the patients. The frequency of dyspnea was significantly higher in patients with neurological findings (p0.05). Patients with neurological findings were found to have a significantly longer follow-up period, more frequently received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (p

Objective To investigate the incidence and concomitant findings of persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV). Methods The study was conducted by retrospective review of the data of 1856 patients who admitted to the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Fırat University between December 2018 and December 2019 for the gestational examination between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation. The obstetric characteristics of the patients such as age, number of pregnancy, abortion, parity and body mass index were recorded. The diagnosis of PRUV was established in the conditions where portal vein reaches to stomach abnormally (roughly, course towards stomach instead of parallel course), fetal gall bladder locates in the medial of umbilical vein or umbilical vein connects to right portal vein abnormally instead of left portal vein. In the cases diagnosed with PRUV, the isolated persistent right umbilical vein or its association with other anomalies was recorded. Ultrasonography findings (minor markers) were also recorded in these cases. Results During the study period, 1856 pregnant women were evaluated for gestational examination. Five cases were established with the diagnosis of PRUV. Accordingly, PRUV prevalence was 0.27%. The PRUV incidence in the study population was 1/370 in the study population. No chromosomal anomaly was found in PRUV cases, but one case had echogenic intracardiac focus, one case had echogenic intestine, and one case had short nasal bone. When organ systems were evaluated, renal cyst was found in one case. No additional finding was found in one case. Conclusion PRUV is the most common form among fetal venous system anomalies. If detected, fetal examination is required in terms of the anomalies that may accompany. Chromosome analysis is not necessary if it is isolated, and it should be evaluated as a variant of normal anatomy.

Basilar trunk artery aneurysms are extremely rare lesions that account for only 2.1% of all intracranial aneurysms. They are mostly recognized in patients around the age of 60, show a slight male predominance, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Chronic mural bleeding ectasia is the most common subtype of basilar trunk artery aneurysms. Its median maximum diameter ranges between 11 and 21 mm and is incidentally detected in more than half of the cases. Herein, we present a 58-year-old male patient who presented with brain stem stroke due to a chronic mural bleeding ectasia with a maximum diameter of 27 mm and died in the first week after admission. Keywords: Aneurysm, Fusiform, Dolichoectatic, İschemic stroke

Spiritual well-being has been evaluated as an important factor for both physical and mental recovery. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between spiritual well-being and medication adherence in individuals diagnosed with mental illness. The study was conducted as a correlational descriptive study. The study sample consisted of 410 individuals diagnosed with mental illness. The study was conducted in the psychiatry clinic of a university hospital. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the spiritual well-being scale, and the Morisky medication adherence scale. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between spiritual well-being and treatment adherence (r = 0.856, p = 0.002). Patient spiritual well-being was significant in explaining medication adherence (R2 = 0.48, p = 0.000). This study showed that spiritual well-being affected medication adherence in individuals diagnosed with mental illness.

Design of the collector in solar air collector dryer (SACD) system is very important factor for high drying performance and the effective use of solar radiation. The main purpose of this study is to increase the thermal efficiency of the solar air collector (SAC) by adding a two-direction solar tracking feature supported by programmable logic controller (PLC) to the SAC. A movable SAC and fixed SAC with same dimensions were designed and integrating both collectors into the drying cabinet, generating two different SACDs. Semielliptical sliced products were dried at similar air flow rate and ambient conditions in both drying systems. The results indicated the highest SAC thermal efficiency was 91% in the SACD with solar tracking feature, while the lowest SAC thermal efficiency was 34% in the other SACD. In addition, the drying process in the solar tracking feature SACD was performed with an average drying efficiency of 66%, while the fixed SACD was performed with an average drying efficiency of 32%. Based on the results, the main role of PLC solar tracking feature in SACD system is to increase the average thermal efficiency by 42% and to double the average drying efficiency.

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the care burden and burnout level of primary caregivers of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Design and methods The sample size of this descriptive and correlational was determined to be 202 primary caregivers via the power analysis. Findings It can be asserted that the primary caregivers had high burnout and had moderate care burden. It was found that there was a statistically positive moderate correlation between the caregivers' care burden and burnout (p ˂ 0.05). Practice implications In the study, it was determined that primary caregivers of patients undergoing liver transplantation had higher burnout and moderate care burden. Also, care burden affected burnout.

Amaç: Son yıllarda ekstrapulmoner tüberküloz olgularının arttığı gözlenmektedir. Tüberküloz peritonit nadir görülen ekstrapulmoner tüberküloz formudur. Bu çalışmada tüberküloz peritonit olgularını irdeledik. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Ocak 2012-Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemizde tüberküloz peritonit tanısıyla takip edilen toplam 23 hastanın verisini içeren retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Veriler hasta dosyalarından, hastane veri kayıt sisteminden elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların 8 (%34.8)’i erkek, 15 (%65.2)’i kadın, yaş ortalaması 41,5±22.1 idi. Beş (%21.7) hastada hipertansiyon, 3 (%13)’ünde diyabetes mellitus mevcuttu. Hastaların 20 (%87)’sinde karın ağrısı, 18 (%78.3)’inde ateş, karında şişlik ve asit, 17 (%73.9)’sinde gece terlemesi, 14 (%60.9)’ünde iştahsızlık mevcuttu. Onaltı (%69.5) hastada radyolojik yöntem olarak bilgisayarlı tomografi ve ultrasonografi, 7 (%30.5) hastada sadece bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanıldı. Hastaların 17 (%73.9)’sinde tanı histopatolojik, 3 (%13)’ünde mikrobiyolojik, 3 (%13)’ünde ise hem mikrobiyolojik hem histopatolojik olarak konuldu. Sonuç: Tüberküloz peritonitte erken tedavi önemli olduğundan en kısa sürede tanıya gidilmelidir. Radyolojik bulgular nonspesifik olmakla beraber tanıda yardımcıdır. Hem düşündürücü bulgular olması hem de asit sıvısı ve periton incelemesi için ultrasonografi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi oldukça yol göstericidir.

Objectives Measurement of the nasal bone is an important part of the genetic sonogram. This study aimed to compare nasal bone length measurements taken in 2 different planes and to determine whether there is consistency between the measurements. Methods The nasal bone was measured in 103 fetuses whose mothers were admitted to our clinic for second-trimester ultrasound examinations and who did not have any accompanying diseases. In this prospective study, the gestational ages of fetuses ranged from 19 to 23 weeks. Nasal bones were measured in both coronal and midsagittal planes, and the similarity between the measurements was evaluated. Pearson correlation, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the results. Results The median nasal bone length increased with increasing gestational age in both planes, as expected. There were no statistically significant differences between the fetal nasal bone lengths taken in the midsagittal and coronal planes at 19 to 23 weeks' gestation (P > .05). Conclusions The coronal plane may be used as an alternative to evaluate the nasal bone in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Aim:We aimed to contribute to the contemporary literature by investigating the clinical course and outcomes of bonsai, a synthetic cannabinoid with progressively increasing use.Materials and Methods:Our study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 149 patients with symptoms related to bonsai use. The parameters included age, gender, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, Glasgow coma scale, route and duration of bonsai use, time used, symptoms, follow-up period in the emergency department, regular ward and intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, biochemistry panel, abstinence, intoxication, mortality, and morbidity.Results:The most common symptoms were agitation (49.7%) and anxiety (28.9%). Intoxication was correlated with creatinine and creatine kinase-myocardial band (p

Objective: Sonoelastography is increasingly used in the evaluation of breast lesions in recent years. The aim of our study is to compare the sonoelastography scores found in the sonoelastography examination and histopathological results of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5 breast lesions and to determine the usefulness of sonoelastography for identifying the malignancy of the breast tumors.Material and Methods: Our prospective study evaluated the age, mass location, size, elastography score, and excisional biopsy results of 44 patients assessed as BI-RADS 5 on ultrasonography between December 2014 and February 2015.Results: The mean age of the study population was 50.02±14.28 years. In 52.3% of the patients, the mass was located in the left breast the masses had a mean length of 16.93±12.96 mm and a mean width of 23.39±14.77 mm. Ninety-seven-point seven percent of the cases were malignant in nature. The most common mass histopathology was invasive ductal carcinoma (86.4%). The sensitivity of sonoelastography was 97.7%. No relationship between the elasticity score and the presence of malignancy in the malignant group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Sonoelastography, which is a noninvasive, reproducible and easy-to-use imaging method is a highly sensitive test for showing malignant breast lesions (BI-RADS 5) can be used for distinction of malignant breast lesions.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate and other complications after revision total joint arthroplasites (TJAs) during the first year of follow-up and to identify the patient-related risk factors predicting mortality, major and minor complications and prolonged hospital stay. Methods The hospital’s database program was used to identify patients who had undergone revision hip arthroplasty (114 patients) or revision knee arthroplasty (87 patients) between the years 2013 and 2018. Patients’ demographics and perioperative data were collected.Relationships between the perioperative factors and the outcomes were tested using univariable analysis. Significant variables were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results The mortality rates during the first year of follow-up of RHA and RKA patients were 7% and 3.3%, respectively (p = 0.356). The rates of major complications in RHA and RKA patients were 13.2% and 6.9% (p = 0.150) and the rates of minor complications were 14.9% and 11.5%, respectively (p = 0.481). The mean length of hospital stay was 9.8 ± 11.8 days for RHA patients and 8.3 ± 10 days for RKA patients (p = 0.002). Being over the age of 80, having undergone septic revisions and having an ASA score greater than 2 were independent risk factors for mortality and major complications during the first year of follow-up. Blood transfusion, a BMI greater than 30 and re-revision surgery were independent predictors for minor complications and prolonged length of stay at the hospital. Conclusion Being over the age of 80, having undergone septic revisions and having an ASA score greater than 2 were independent risk factors for mortality and major complications during the first year of follow-up. Blood replacement, a BMI greater than 30 and re-revision surgery were independent predictors for minor complications and prolonged length of stay at the hospital. Blood transfusion is the important modifiable independent predictor for complications and prolonged hospital stay after revision TJAs.

Amaç: Ülkemizde tüberküloz hala önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Son yıllarda akciğer dışı tüberküloz olgularımızda artış görülmektedir. Tüberküloz lenfadenit olguları akciğer dışı tüberkülozun önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada tüberküloz lenfadenit tanısıyla takip ettiğimiz hastaların demografik, klinik, laboratuar, radyolojik verilerini ortaya koyup hem farkındalık yaratmayı hem de hastalığın özelliklerini ortaya koymayı hedefledik. Materyal-metot: Bu çalışma, Aralık 2011-Aralık 2019 yılları arasında hastanemizde takip edilen toplam 41 tüberküloz lenfadenitli hastanın verisini içeren retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik bilgileri, altta yatan hastalıkları, risk faktörleri, klinik özellikleri, laboratuar ve radyolojik bulguları, tedavi süreleri kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Tüberküloz lenfadenit tanısıyla takip edilen toplam 41 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların 25 (%61)’i kadın, 16 (%39)’sı erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 42,07±1,84 (Yaş aralığı 18-78) idi. Hastaların %17.1’inde hipertansiyon, %9.8’inde diyabetes mellitus, %7.3’ünde kronik böbrek yetmezliği mevcuttu. Sadece 1 hasta HIV pozitifti. Yine hastaların %51.2’inde ateş mevcutken, en sık semptom %70.7 ile gece terlemesi idi. Servikal bölge %39 oranında tutulmuşken, %19.5’inde aksiler bölge, %12.2’sinde abdomen, %4.9’unda torakal bölge tutulumu mevcuttu. Onaltı hastada tanıda radyolojik yöntem olarak ultrasonografi (USG), diğerlerinde bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), pozitron emisyon tomografi ile BT (PET-BT) ya da birden fazla yöntem kullanılmıştı. Sonuç: Tüberküloz lenfadenit, lenfadenopatilerin özellikle lenfomanın ayırıcı tanısında düşünülmelidir. Klinik bulgular nonspesifik olduğundan tanıda radyolojik ve histopatolojik bulgular önemlidir. Bu olgularda mikrobiyolojik olarak tanı koymak oldukça güçtür.

By focusing on recent water struggles in rural Turkey against run‐of‐the‐river hydropower plants (SHPs), the research delves into the societal and economic factors that enable or inhibit the emergence of strong mobilizations through a comparison of four localities of the Eastern Black Sea region. The main aim of the cross comparison is to determine whether there is a relationship between the forms of rural livelihood (and class position) and political mobilization against SHP construction. The article offers a multilayered relational framework to analyse rural mobilizations. Through a comparative spatial analysis of material and immaterial territories, I argue that the spatio‐economic transformation of the localities that unevenly transform rural settings in terms of production and consumption activities have an impact on the patterns, discourses, and agency in contemporary “rural” mobilizations. This is especially observable with regard to upward mobility and the middle‐classization processes embedded in crop system and household accumulation opportunities. The children of upwardly mobile farmers who became city‐based middle‐class actors tend to present an estheticized and carnivalesque framing in their resistance strategies through the re‐invention of traditions and culture, whereas the lower‐class peasants voice their grievances based strictly on material concerns.

INTRODUCTION[|]Our aim is to compare magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography and optic nerve sheath diameter measurements in critical patients who do not have a known optic nerve disease, followed in intensive care, and to find correlations or significant differences between these two methods.[¤]METHODS[|]Our study was carried out prospectively observationally in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit of TR Health Sciences University Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital between May 2019 and December 2019. Critical patients aged ≥18 years, who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit, whose intracranial pressure increase was not known, and who were sedated with endotracheal intubation, ramsey sedation score 4-6, and magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study. Group 1: Optic nerve sheath diameter of 65 patients were measured by transorbital ultrasonography. 65 patients were included in the study. Group 2: Optic nerve sheath diameter of 65 patients were measured by magnetic resonance imaging method.[¤]RESULTS[|]When the optic nerve sheath diameters measured with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were divided into two groups, the mean of the optic nerve sheath diameter measurements in Group 1 was found to be statistically significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p = 0.016). When the relationship between ultrasonography-optic nerve sheath diameter measurements and magnetic resonance imaging-optic nerve sheath diameter measurements was examined by correlation tests, there was a statistically significant very high positive correlation between ultrasonography-optic nerve sheath diameter and magnetic resonance imaging-optic nerve sheath diameter (r = 0.811, p

Background: The aim of our study was to present the prevalence of thyroid nodules we incidentally discovered by routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine, to evaluate their clinical significance, and to discuss the current clinical approach to incidental thyroid nodules. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the cervical spinal MRI studies of 512 patients. Thyroid glands were evaluated for morphologic and signal characteristics and examined for the presence of nodule(s). The nodules with a maximum diameter of 5 mm or more were taken into analysis. Results: Of 512 MRI studies, 254 revealed incidental thyroid nodule(s) (49.6%). The mean maximum nodule diameter was 7.48±2.92 mm. Thirty-eight of 254 incidental thyroid nodules were radiologically reported, 35 reported nodules were evaluated by US, and 22 were further analyzed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The final diagnosis of 11 aspirated nodules was an adenomatous nodule, whereas 3 were papillary thyroid carcinoma. One of the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma was a 32-year-old man with a nodule with a maximum diameter of 7 mm. Conclusion: Incidental thyroid nodule is a frequent non-spinal lesion detected by routine cervical spinal MRI. The 3-tiered system which is recommended in the clinical approach to incidental thyroid nodules may miss some clinically significant thyroid nodules. We suggest the criteria of this system to be re-evaluated and modified if necessary. In addition, we would like to emphasize the need for a guideline for radiologists for reporting incidental thyroid nodules on MRI on the basis of a standard clinical approach.

Meromelia refers to the partial absence of at least 1 limb and is also referred to as “terminal transverse hemimelia.” It can occur in either isolation or with other congenital malformations. There are very few publications in the literature that report meromelia cases accompanied by other congenital anomalies. Proximal focal femoral deficiency is another rare congenital skeletal abnormality and is characterized by the underdevelopment of the proximal part of the femur and shortening of the entire lower extremity. A case of upper limb meromelia accompanied by proximal focal femoral deficiency and fibular hemimelia in a neonate has previously been reported. However, to our knowledge, the association of upper limb meromelia with intermetatarsal coalition has never been reported to date. Here, we present an adult patient showing an unusual association of multiple rare congenital skeletal abnormalities including meromelia, proximal focal femoral deficiency, fibular hemimelia, and intermetatarsal coalition.

The effect of different annealing temperatures (300, 400, 500 and 550 °C) on the crystallinity, morphology, linear and particularly the nonlinear optical properties of CZTS thin films that were deposited on glass substrate employing a sol–gel spin-coating method was investigated in this work. The obtained results for X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicate a polycrystalline structure of CZTS thin film, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs showed a uniform and dense texture of the samples, besides the effect of annealing temperatures on CTZS morphology and surface was discussed. Linear optical properties of CZTS thin films were performed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, both band-gap energy and absorption coefficient were determined and extracted from the variation of the optical transmission and absorption with the wavelength, Eg of the films annealed at 300, 500 and 550 °C was found to be 1.58 eV against 1.63 eV for the film annealed at 400 °C. However, the optical nonlinearity characterizations of CZTS films examined by third harmonic generation (THG) technique exhibited an interesting nonlinear optical responses between 1.10 × 10–20 and 1.84 × 10–20 m2 V−2 which can enlarge the application field of the studied material.

Amaç: Patellar tendon-lateral femoral kondil sürtünme sendromunun (PTLFKSS) etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemektedir ve PTLFKSS'unun tanısı, tedavisi ve prognozu ile ilgili çalışmaların sayısı sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada amacımız PTLFKSS ile patellofemoral instabilite ilişkisini değerlendirmekti.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Diz manyetik rezonans görüntülemesinde (MRG) PTLFKSS saptanan hastalarda (çalışma grup n=82) ve PTLFKSS saptanmayan hastalarda (kontrol grup n=204) patellofemoral stabiliteyi değerlendirmek için altı morfolojik parametre MRG’de ölçüldü. Bu parametreler Insall-Salvati oranı, ön troklear çıkıntı, sulkus açısı, lateral troklear eğim açısı, patellar eğim açısı ve pateller laterilizasyon ölçümü idi. Ayrıca kondromalazik patella ilişkisi de değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunda kontrol grubuna göre Insall-Salvati oranı, patellar eğim açısı, patellar lateralizasyon, sulkus açısı ve ön troklear çıkıntı anlamlı olarak daha yüksek ve lateral troklear eğim açısı ise anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu. Kondromalazik patella insidansı çalışma grubunda anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Çalışma grubunda kondromalazik patella ile ön troklear çıkıntı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon vardı. Sonuç: PTLFKSS' ye sebep olan faktörler arasında patellofemoral instabilitenin etkili olduğu bulundu. Ölçülen parametrelerin yüksek sensitivite ve spesifiteye sahip olması; bu parametrelerin hem risk faktörü, hem de tanıda kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: Patellar tendon-lateral femoral kondil sürtünme sendromu; patellar insitabilite; manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, Aim: The etiology of the patellar tendon–lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome (PTLFCFS) is not fully known and the number of studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PTLFCFS is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PTLFCFS and patellofemoral instability in magnetic resonance imagingMaterial and Methods: Six morphological parameters were measured in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate patellofemoral stability in patients with PTLFCFS (study group n = 82) and patients without detection PTLFCFS (control group n = 204) in the knee MRI examination. These parameters include the Insall–Salvati ratio, ventral trochlear prominence, sulcus angle, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar inclination angle, and patellar lateralization measurement. In addition, the chondromalacia patella relationship was also evaluated.Results: The Insall–Salvati ratio, patellar inclination angle, patellar lateralization, sulcus angle, and ventral trochlear prominence were significantly higher and lateral trochlear inclination angle was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. The incidence of chondromalacia patella was significantly higher in the study group. In the study group, there was a positive correlation between the chondromalacia patella and the ventral trochlear prominence. Conclusion: Among the factors causing PTLFCFS, patellofemoral instability was found to be effective. The measured parameters having high sensitivity and specificity suggest that these parameters can be used as risk factors and for the diagnosis.

In this paper, the effects of useful energy ratio, some exergetic indicators on the performance of a thin-layer solar drying system by using the experimental data in the literature for white mulber...

The i-gel is a supraglottic airway device with non-inflatable cuff which can suffer insertion failure if its standard placement technique is implemented. The aim of this study was to compare the placement technique proposed by the manufacturer of i-gel with the triple airway maneuver in terms of successful device insertion time and first-attempt success. After ethics committee approval, 103 ASA I–III patients were randomly allocated to the standard or triple airway maneuver groups. In the standard Group, the i-gel was inserted in the sniffing position while, in the triple group, it was inserted using the triple airway maneuver consisting of head tilt, jaw thrust, and open mouth. The time taken for successful insertion, first-attempt success rate, i-gel position, airway complications, and hemodynamic responses were assessed. Between the two groups patient characteristics were similar. Time for successful insertion was significantly shorter in the triple group (20 ± 7 s) than with the standard technique (32 ± 11 s; p

Objective: We investigated the role of betatrophin in the etiopathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its association with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients [30 pregnant women with GDM (study group) and 30 healthy age-, body mass index-, and gestational agematched pregnant women (control group)] were included in this study. Serum betatrophin, fasting glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and C-peptide levels, as well as lipid parameters, were measured. Results: Serum betatrophin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the functional results of internal fixation of both forearm bones versus fixation of the radius alone in the treatment of distal both-bone forearm fractures in children. METHODS: This study included a total of 34 children who were treated for distal forearm both-bone fracture. Patients were divided into two groups according to the technique used, which depended on the date of their surgery. Group 1 consisted of 18 children (14 males and four females; mean age: 10.3 years; age range: 7–16 years) who underwent both-bone fracture fixation using closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; Group 2 consisted of 16 children (12 males and four females; mean age: 10.1 years; age range: 6–15 years) who underwent only radius fracture fixation. The average follow-up was 65.6 months in Group 1 and 38.9 months in Group 2. Operating time, fluoroscopy exposure time, functional results (Mayo Wrist Score, visual analogue scale score, and range of motion), radiological results (time to union and malunion), and complications were recorded as outcome parameters. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 35 min (range: 30–45 min) in Group 1 and 19 min (range: 10–25 min) in Group 2 (p

Radial longitudinal deficiency is a rare skeletal anomaly characterized by a defect in the development of structures that form the radial half of the forearm. The disorder is associated with a large spectrum of preaxial abnormalities. It is shown that the thumb and preaxial carpal bones are almost always hypoplastic or absent in almost all types of radial longitudinal deficiency. Congenital dislocation of the dysplastic radial head may accompany this rare deformity. Herein, we present a 20-year-old male patient with radial longitudinal deficiency who had a markedly hypoplastic radius but had a thumb and carpal bones with normal size, shape, and joint relations. Further, the right radial longitudinal deficiency of our patient was unusually accompanied by left congenital radial head dislocation. Our case shows that, although rare, radial longitudinal deficiency can present without any carpal and thumb abnormalities. And the current case also shows that a contralateral sided congenital radial head dislocation may accompany radial longitudinal deficiency.

Music is one of the most commonly used non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety. It helps patients overcome emotional and physical alienation, provides comfort and familiarity in an improved environment and offers a pleasant distraction from pain and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of listening to preoperative favorite music on postoperative anxiety and pain. This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial included the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–III patients, aged 18–70 years, undergoing elective inguinal hernia surgery. Demographic data and anxiety status were recorded. Anxiety status was measured using the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory form 1 (STAI-1) and state-trait anxiety inventory form 2 (STAI-2). After recording baseline heart rate, blood pressure and STAI levels, patients were randomly allocated to the music group (Group M) or control group (Group C). Patients in Group M listened to their favorite music using headphones and patients in the control group received standard care. The STAI‑1 was repeated after surgery and the numeric rating scale (NRS) and patient satisfaction were measured. A total of 117 patients were included. Demographic data, educational status, and previous surgical history were similar between the groups. Mean preoperative STAI‑1 and STAI‑2 scores were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Mean postoperative STAI‑1 score was significantly lower in Group M than in Group C (39 [range 35–43] vs. 41 [range 37–43], p

Highlights • Osteoid osteoma typically occurs in children or in adolescents. However, it should be noted that this tumor can be detected in older age groups as well. • Although extremely rare, osteoid osteoma may occur in the hallux. • CT is the method of choice in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. • Osteoid osteoma should be included in the differential diagnosis list in all patients presenting with foot pain., Introduction Osteoid osteomas are benign osteoblastic bone tumors mostly seen in patients in the second or third decade of life, and they most frequently involve the femur and tibia. Hallux osteoid osteoma is an extremely rare occurrence with only 14 reported cases to date. Presentation of case A 46-year-old woman with a right hallux pain for the last 18 months was admitted. Her foot radiographs showed a small sclerotic focus on the distal phalanx and degenerative changes in the interphalangeal joint of the hallux. The complaints of the patient were attributed to osteoarthritis involving the interphalangeal joint and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered; however, the patient’s condition did not improve, and hallux osteoid osteoma could not be correctly diagnosed until a CT scan was performed. Discussion We present a case of hallux osteoid osteoma in which the diagnosis was delayed greatly due to the unusuality of the lesion location, the advanced age of the patient, and the uncertainty of the clinical and radiographic appearance. Conclusion Although rare, osteoid osteoma may occur in the hallux. Even if the patient age, pain pattern, and radiographic findings do not exactly meet the classical definitions for osteoid osteoma, this tumor should always be included in the differential diagnosis list in patients presenting with foot pain.

ÖZETAmaç: Cerrahi tedavi uygulanan endometrial hiperplazili hastalarda eşzamanlı endometrial kanser insidansını belirlemeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamız retrospektif olarak dizayn edildi. 2007 - 2017yılları arasında Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi (ESOGÜ) jinekolojik Onkolojibölümünde endometrial biyopsi ile endometrial hiperplazi (EH) tanısı alan vecerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastaların tıbbi kayıtları incelenerek çalışmaoluşturuldu. Endometrial örnekleme sonucu endometrial hiperplazili 522 hastanınverileri değerlendirildi. 187 hasta medikal tedavi uygulandığı için, 35 hastatıbbi kayıtları yetersiz olduğu için ve15 hasta endometrial kanser şüphesi olduğu için çalışma dışı bırakıldı.Çalışmaya endometrial hiperplazili 285 hasta dahil edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 285 hastanın 64'ü (% 22.4) basit hiperplazi, 31'i (%10.8) basit atipili hiperplazi, 72'si (% 25.2) kompleks hiperplazi ve 118'i (%41.4) kompleks atipili hiperplazi idi. Histerektomi spesmenlerininincelenmesiyle 84 (% 29.4) hastada endometrial patoloji izlenmezken , 36hastada (% 12.6) endometrial kanser, 165 hastada (% 57.8) endometrialhiperplazi bulduk. Basit hiperplazide 1 (% 1,5) hastada endometrial kanserbulduk.Basit atipili hiperplazide 1 (% 3,2) hastada endometrial kanser tespitedildi. Kompleks hiperplazide 6 hastada(% 8.3) endometrial kanser vardı. Kopleks atipili hiperplazide 28 (% 23,7) hastada endometrial kanser tespit edildi. 2014 DünyaSağlık Örgütü sınıflandırma sistemine göre, eş zamanlı endometrial kanseroranları atipili endometrial hiperplazide % 19.4, atipi olmayan endometrial hiperplazide % 5.1 olarak tespitedildi.Sonuç: Basit hiperplazide eşzamanlıendometrial kanser oranı% 5.1, bu oran kompleks hiperplazide % 8,3 olarakbulundu. Atipi olmayan endometrial hiperplazili hastaların tedavisinde medikal tedavi seçilecekse bu oranlar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.Endometrialhiperplazi yönetiminde endometrialkanser için tüm risk faktörlerinin detaylı değerlendirilmesi önerilir., Objective: we aimed to determine the incidence of simultaneous endometrial cancerin patients with endometrial hyperplasia who underwent surgical treatment.Materialand method: Our studywas designed retrospectively.The medical data of patients who wasdiagnosed endometrial hyperplasia(EH) bythe endometrial biopsy and accepted surgical treatment were examined and collected between 2007 -2017 at the gynecologic oncology depertmant of Eskişehir Osmangazi University(ESOGÜ).The data of 522 patients with endometrial hyperplasia as a result of endometrialsampling were evaluated. Due to 187 patients received medicaltreatment, 35 patients lacked medical data and 15 patients suspected endometrial CA were excluded from the study.Atotal of 285 patients with endometrial hyperplasia were included in the study.Result:Of the 285 patients included in the study, 64 (22.4%) were simple hyperplasia,31 (10.8%) were simple atypia hyperplasia, 72 (25.2%) were complex hyperplasiaand 118 (41.4%) were complex atypia hyperplasia. Endometrialhyperplasia could not be detected in 84 (29.4%) patients after a finalpathology. We found endometrial cancer in 36 (12.6%) patientsand endometrial hyperplasia in 165 (57.8%) patients. We found 1 (1.5%) patientEC in simple hyperplasia. EC was detected in 1 (3.2%) patient in SAH. 6patients (8.3%) had EC in CH. 28 (23.7%) EC’s were detected in patients withCAH. According to the 2014 WHO classification system,Concurrent endometrial cancer rates were determined as AEH 19.4% and EH without atypia was 5.1%.Conclusion: Concurrent EC ratio in simple hyperplasia was5.1% this rate was found to be 8.3 % inCH. Management of patients with endometrialhyperplasia without atypia If medical treatment is to be chosen, these ratesshould be considered and it is recommended to consider all risk factors for EC.

ObjectiveSpondylodiscitis is an important clinical a problem requiring serious approaches. In this study, we sought to raise awareness by examining the epidemiology and laboratory, clinical, and radiological findings of spondylodiscitis, which sometimes has a delayed diagnosis and which can be difficult to treat.MethodsIn total, 343 patients with spondylodiscitis were included in the study.ResultsThe patients were classified as having as pyogenic (n = 153, 44.6%), brucellar (n = 138, 40.2%), or tuberculous (n = 52, 15.2%) spondylodiscitis. Meanwhile, 281 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging, 71 underwent computed tomography, and 17 underwent scintigraphy for diagnosis. The rates of involvement at more than two segments and paraspinal abscess were significantly higher in tuberculous spondylodiscitis. However, disc involvement was significantly more common in brucellar and pyogenic spondylodiscitis.ConclusionThe incidence of spondylodiscitis has increased substantially, especially in the young population. The invasive procedures and high rate of culture negativity make the diagnosis difficult. Therefore, clinical and radiological findings are useful in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. Despite the high rate of culture negativity, every effort should be made to identify the causative organism using invasive methods.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of religious belief on depression and hopelessness in advanced cancer patients. The sample size of this cross-sectional study was determined as 267 as a result of the power analysis. The study was carried out between February 2018 and December 2018. “The Patient Information Form”, “The Religious Attitude Scale”, “The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)”, and “The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)” were used to collect the data. It was determined that the total mean score of the cancer patients participating in the study for Religious Attitude Scale was 4.51 ± 0.44 (high level), their total mean score for depression inventory was 19.06 ± 9.38 (moderate level), and their total mean score for hopelessness scale was 10.23 ± 1.94 (moderate level). In the study, the difference between the religious beliefs and depression and hopelessness levels of the cancer patients was statistically significant (p

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important human rights problem faced by one in three women worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic, trauma, and radiological characteristics of patients admitted to a tertiary emergency department due to IPV. METHODS: Sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, education level, and marital status), trauma characteristics (severity, type, and location), radiological imaging findings (radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) of patients diagnosed with IPV were evaluated. RESULTS: In the study, 1225 patients were evaluated, and 98.7% of them were women (mean age 35 [IQR: 17] years). Of the patients, 63.1% were high school and university graduates. The rate of married women was 74.6%. No relationship was found between gender, age, educational status, and marital status (p>0.05). Most of the traumas were minor (85.4%) and blunt (81.9%) trauma, and the most common types of trauma were kicking (49.9%) and punching (47.3%). It was found that the most frequently affected areas of the patients were the head and neck (76.7%), and the frequency of pelvic trauma was high in male patients (p

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disease that could be accompanied by multiple abnormalities, such as growth retardation, bone marrow abnormalities, and cancer susceptibility. Among the FA patients, head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the most observed solid cancer. The life expectancy of patients with FA has increased with recent medical advances. Furthermore, HNSCC is diagnosed in 3% of FA patients, and half of these patients die because of their HNSCC. The median age of HNSCC patients with FA is 31, and according to the literature HNSCC incidence of FA, patients is more than 700-fold of the normal population. Here, we reported the treatment details and challenges we faced during hypopharyngeal cancer treatment in a FA patient.

Emergency medical treatment in remote areas often requires immediate medical decision and on-board medical treatments in ambulances before patients could arrive hospitals. For example, a heart attack (Myocardial Infarction) particularly needs prompt treatments to save life. Amid all acute heart diseases, the ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is de facto one of the main causes of death. Adequate and immediate treatments for STEMI patients in ambulances before arriving the hospital could largely improve the chance of survival. This paper proposes an online mobile application for real time STEMI ECG pattern recognition. In the cloud AI computing server, a Deep Learning based mechanism is developed to accurately recognize STEMI ECG pattern. On the side of mobile clients, the developed system exploits the salient properties of seamless connections and prompt responses of a wireless mobile network. The main component of our system is an online AI Bot which can help paramedics to recognize STEMI and then to give patients appropriate treatment, such as giving therapeutic drugs and carrying them to the emergency medical center. Collaborating with a teaching hospital, the proposed system is under a testing run and the results show that our system has a very high STEMI recognition accuracy and could be a great help for saving lives of those patients encountering STEMI in remote areas far away from the hospital.

Background This study aimed to compare the performance and interobservers agreement of cases with findings on chest CT based on the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guideline statement of COVID-19 and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) expert consensus statement. Methods In this study, 903 patients who had admitted to the emergency department with a pre-diagnosis of COVID-19 between 1 and 18 July 2020 and had chest CT. Two radiologists classified the chest CT findings according to the RSNA and BSTI consensus statements. The performance, sensitivity and specificity values of the two classification systems were calculated and the agreement between the observers was compared by using kappa analysis. Results Considering RT-PCR test result as a gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values were significantly higher for the two observers according to the BSTI guidance statement and the RSNA expert consensus statement (83.3%, 89.7%, 89.0%; % 81.2,% 89.7,% 88.7, respectively). There was a good agreement in the PCR positive group (κ: 0.707; p Conclusion As a result, RSNA and BSTI statement provided reasonable performance and interobservers agreement in reporting CT findings of COVID-19. However, the number of patients defined as false negative and indeterminate in both classification systems is at a level that cannot be neglected.

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of critical shoulder angle (CSA) in rotator cuff arthropathy patients with number of damaged rotator cuff tendons and muscle fatty degeneration. Rotator cuff arthropathy patients were included in this study. True antero-posterior radiographs (Grashey view) were used to measure the angle by the first author. The critical shoulder angles were measured on radiographs. The Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of same patients were assessed in terms of number of tendon involvements and fatty degeneration of rotator cuff muscles. There were 28 rotator cuff arthropathy patients comprising 16 females and 12 males. The mean age was 69.928.84 years. The right shoulder was affected in 20 patients. The left side was affected in 8 patients. The damaged rotator cuff tendons were as follows; supraspinatus tendon was affected in all patients, infraspinatus tendon was affected in 25 patients, teres minor was affected in 14 patients, and subscapularis tendon was affected in 24 patients. The critical shoulder angle was found 37.601.66 CSA values were found to be higher in patients having fatty degeneration than others having no fatty degeneration, and it was statistically significant (p, Bu çalışmanın amacı rotator manşet artropatili hastalarda kritik omuz açısının (KOA) hasarlı rotator manşet tendon sayısı ve kasların yağlı dejenerasyonu ile ilişkisini araştırmaktı. Rotator manşet artropatisi hastaları bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. İlk yazar tarafından açıyı ölçmek için gerçek ön-arka radyografiler (Grashey görünümü) kullanıldı. Kritik omuz açıları radyografilerde ölçüldü. Aynı hastaların Manyetik rezonans görüntüleri (MRG), tendon tutulumlarının sayısı ve rotator manşet kaslarının yağlı dejenerasyonu açısından değerlendirildi. 16 kadın ve 12 erkekten oluşan 28 rotator manşet artropati hastası vardı. Ortalama yaş 69.928.84 idi. 20 hastada sağ omuz etkilenmişti. 8 hastada sol taraf etkilenmişti. Hasarlı rotator manşet tendonları şu şekildeydi; Hastaların tamamında supraspinatus tendonu, 25 hastada infraspinatus tendonu, 14 hastada teres minör ve 24 hastada subskapularis tendonu etkilenmişti. Kritik omuz açısı 37.601.66olarak bulundu. Yağlı dejenerasyonu olan hastalarda KOA değerleri, yağlı dejenerasyonu olmayanlara göre daha yüksek bulundu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium treatment on renal function and to determine influencing factors. In addition, the utility of spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in detection of lithium induced nephropathy was also investigated.Serum concentrations of lithium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinalysis including protein/creatinine ratio were measured in 375 patients using lithium.Patients taking lithium for ≥8 years had higher BUN, creatinine levels, percentage of proteinuria, percentages of stage 2 and 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD); lower urine density and eGFR compared to patients taking lithium8 years. Urine density was lower in groups with0.8 and 0.6-0.8 mmol/L lithium level than0.6 mmol/L. Predictors of CKD were serum level of lithium, dose of lithium, cumulative duration of lithium use, age at onset of illness, and caffeine consumption.Detrimental effects of lithium on renal functions were detected after lithium use for ≥8 years. Proteinuria measured by spot urine protein/creatinine ratio can be detected even when eGFR is90 ml/min/1.73 m

Objectives We aimed to compare gender difference on sizes of some structures in the brain of normal male and female fetuses between 20 and 22 week gestations. Methods A total of 300 female and 300 male singleton pregnancies with low risk were included in the study. Biparietal diameter, head circumference, transcerebellar diameter, cisterna magna, nuchal fold thickness, anterior and posterior horn of lateral ventricles, length and width of cavum septum pellucidum were measured transabdominally. Mean±SD values were calculated and comparison of measurements were done between male and female fetuses. Kolmogorov–Smirnov and independent samples t-test were used for statistical analysis. A value of p Results We determined statistically significant difference in sizes of some structures of the brain of male and female fetuses. Mean±SD value of cavum septi pellucidi width was 3.38±0.61 and 3.85±0.96 in female and males, respectively (p Conclusions Difference in sizes of some structures of the brain starts in fetal life. This finding may be important in evaluating the intracranial structures more precisely. These results may also give a contribution to the understanding physiological and pathologic differences between males and females.

Human hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus species, most commonly the Echinococcus granulosus. Although hydatid cyst can cause disease almost anywhere in the human body, it most commonly affects the liver and lungs. Primary musculoskeletal hydatid involvement is a very rare occurrence even in endemic regions. Musculoskeletal hydatid disease shows no pathognomonic clinical signs and symptoms. And the contribution of serology to the diagnosis is negligible due to the high rate of false-negative results. Therefore, radiological imaging studies have a critical role in the diagnosis of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few case reports of primary hydatid involvement of the adductor magnus muscle in the current literature. Here we present a 55-year-old female patient with primary hydatid cyst in the adductor magnus muscle and discuss the case in terms of imaging.