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Background: Due to the aging population in Korea, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has become an increasingly common condition. Many patients with KOA prefer analgesics, herbal medicines, acupuncture, or exercise, rather than arthroscopic surgery or a knee replacement. Gyebutang (GB) granules are a herbal extract widely used to treat KOA in traditional Korean medicine, but there is insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety.Methods: A multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, 2-armed parallel, controlled clinical trial has been designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GB combined with acupuncture for the treatment of KOA. There will be 100 patients with KOA enrolled in the study from 3 traditional Korean medicine hospitals. The participants will be randomly allocated to an experimental group (GB and acupuncture) or a control group (celecoxib and acupuncture) in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive acupuncture treatment once a week for 6 weeks; one group will receive GB and the other will receive celecoxib for the same duration.Results: The primary outcome will be the change of knee osteoarthritic pain, based on scores on a 100 mm visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes will be scores on a numeric rating scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, patient global assessment, European quality of life 5-dimension 5-level scale, and adverse events.Conclusion: The results of this study will provide evidence of efficacy and safety of GB as a treatment for patients with KOA.

Background Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) includes features such as growth restriction, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, convulsions as well as microcephaly and micrognathia. Thus, the anesthesiologists may have difficulties in airway management, neuromuscular relaxation, and in maintaining hemodynamic stability. Case A 24-year-old man with WHS underwent surgery for closed reduction and internal fixation of the right neck of femur. His face showed features typical of patients with WHS such as a prominent glabella, hypertelorism, micrognathia, low-set malformed ears, and a down-turned mouth. Since difficult airway management was expected, a video-assisted laryngoscope was used for successful intubation. The surgery terminated without any problems under total intravenous anesthesia. Conclusions A patient with WHS may have a variety of problems. Therefore, through careful evaluation of the airway, cardiovascular system, and cerebral nervous system and by making an appropriate anesthetic plan, anesthesiologists can perform a safe general anesthesia in patients with WHS.

The awareness of the decreasing physical activities of children today introduced the application of Home-Based physical activities as one of the solutions to the problem. This Home-Based physical activity program provided the families with training materials and wall posters for physical activities as well as the eurhythmics videos accessible through provided QR codes in attempt to assist the families to practice the physical activities taken in children educational institutes from homes. 4910 children of both sexes across the nation partook in this research while the researchers were determined to test the change on children’s physical strength before/after the application of the program. In order to track the change, the researchers have adjusted and supplemented the research tools of Na-young An, Eun-jung Kim, Tae-seop Park (2013) to measure the endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, agility, adaptation, and balance of the children. The research revealed that the children that partook in the program for household physical activities showed an overall superiority on all 6 fields - endurance (scissor jump for 30 seconds), muscle strength (grasping power), flexibility (sitting trunk flexion), agility (30meters shuttle run), adaptation (standing high jump), balance (standing on one foot) - compared to the children who haven’t engaged in the program. Also the researchers found that the general physical strength of the children in the program to have increased periodically during the test. Most of all, there was a significant difference on overall body endurance and right-left balance from which the deduction of the relatedness between the two and the household physical activities was made. In conclusion, Home-Based physical activities have shown to have positive influence on the general physical strength of the children.

This study aimed to develop a design for fashion culture products that were practicable and decorative with a contemporary feel by recycling Hanbok clothes into which Korean sentiment and culture were reflected but not worn any more. As research method, literature were reviewed, and the fashion culture products that could be made by recycling the raw materials for Hanbok, and eight pieces of Hanbok that were possessed at a Hanbok dress shop for a long time were collected. Hanbok clothes collected were used for developing a design for fashion culture products by taking color, materials and composition into account. The findings from the design development in this study are as follows. First, apron and gloves, using the traditional patchwork shown in a collar or cuff as a point, were designed by taking practicality into account. Jeogori fabric was used for back-of-hand part and decorative element in wrist-of-gloves part was used for the cuff-of-sleeve part. Second, foreign satin that was lustrous and excellently draped enough to highlight its unique materiality and practicality as raw materials for Hanbok was used. Twilly was designed by using the materials used for practical Korean costume and decorative technique of jatmulim and rainbow-striped decorations shown in a collar. Third, clutch bag was made to be in harmony with the luxurious color of Hanbok jeogori and embroider flowers, by using knotwork as a point. It was designed to give a calm feeling with dark colors. Fourth, table cloth was designed by using the traditional techniques such as jatmulim and three-stitch good needle, by applying thin gapsa (fabric embroidered with dragon, crane, or flower decorations), among Hanbok materials. Fifth, runner was designed to be suited to the atmosphere of Christmas by using white silk and red and green used in practical Korean costume.

The authors conducted a survey on essential humanistic competency that medical students should have, and on teaching methods that will effectively develop such attributes. The participants consisted of 154 medical school professors, 589 medical students at Seoul National University College of Medicine, 228 parents, and 161 medical school and university hospital staff. They answered nine questions that the authors created. According to the results, all groups chose "morality and a sense of ethics," a "sense of accountability," "communication skills," and "empathic ability" were selected as essential qualities. According to the evaluation on the extent to which students possess each quality, participants believed students had a high "sense of accountability" and "morality," whereas they thought students had low "empathic ability," "communicate," or "collaborate with others". In terms of effective teaching methods, all sub-groups preferred extracurricular activities including small group activities, debates, and volunteer services. With regard to the speculated effect of humanism education and the awareness of the need for colleges to offer it, all sub-groups had a positive response. However the professors and students expressed a relatively passive stance on introducing humanism education as a credited course. Most participants responded that they preferred a grading method based on their rate of participation, not a relative evaluation. In order to reap more comprehensive and lasting effects of humanism education courses in medical school, it is necessary to conduct faculty training, and continuously strive to develop new teaching methods., Graphical Abstract