Search

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterized by the aggravation of upper airway constriction or obstruction, and it is associated with high incidence of various metabolic diseases and high mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is now recommended as the first-line therapy for OSAHS, but its application is limited by its unsatisfactory patient tolerance. Previous studies have showed that high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may improve symptoms in some patients with OSAHS. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of HFNC on OSAHS in a larger cohort than in previous research and to study the details of its therapeutic characteristics.Polysomnography recording with and without HFNC was performed in 56 OSAHS patients with a wide spectrum of disease severity. Subgroups were divided by different treatment response criteria to identify the effect of this device.Of 56 patients enrolled, 9 were of mild severity (AHI, 5 to 15 events/h), 30 were of moderate severity (AHI, 15 to 30 events/h), and 17 patients were severe (AHI ≥ 30 events/h); 34 patients were younger than 50 years old and 22 patients were older than 50 years old. AHI decreased significantly (from 26.9 ± 14.7 to 21.5 ± 17.0 events/h, p 0.001) after HFNC treatment in general. The subjects of responder group accounted for 21%. There was a negative correlation between the difference of AI and the difference of HI in nonresponder group before and after HFNC treatment, and the negative correlation was strong (Pearson's test, r = - 0.804, p = 0.000). Of the patients with mild to moderate severity, 76% achieved any AHI reduction and 24% of patients achieved at least 50% reduction in AHI. Older patients (the age of responder group 52.6 ± 11.7 vs. nonresponder group 43.7 ± 12.1 years old, p 0.05), especially patients older than 50 years, had a better response rate (≤ 50 years 9% vs. 50 years 41%, p = 0.007).HFNC may be useful in treating patients with OSAHS, especially older patients and those with mild to moderate severity. HFNC may be an alternative treatment when patients are intolerant of CPAP.

The number of new energy power stations in China is boosting in recent years, a large number of conventional power supplies have been replaced, resulting in severe problems in controlling the frequency of power grids and easily leading to frequency issues of the state power grid. When large frequency disturbance occurs in power grid, renewable energy stations can participate in primary frequency regulation of power grid and provide support for system frequency, and the primary frequency regulation capability of the large power grid in sending end is significantly enhanced. In this study, a simulation evaluation method was proposed for the FFR controller of new energy power stations based on the RT-LAB real-time simulation analysis platform. The FFR controller was connected to in the simulation model of the state power grid via I/O physical interfaces and MODBUS communication, so as to conduct the step disturbance test, anti-disturbance performance verification test and automatic generation control (AGC) coordination test and hardware-in-the-loop simulation test of the controller. Results of the tests proved that the test method proposed in this study is accurate and reliable, and help improve the performance of a new energy power station in the state power grid.

With the rapid development of industrial automation and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, automation operations have been applied to all walks of life. Absolutely, the automation operations also greatly improve productivity and reduces labor costs. This paper provides a system and method for medical garbage bin recognition and judgment based on machine vision and mobile robot arm. AGV (Automatic guided vehicle) lidar is used to navigate to the target of the garbage bin when received the start signal, and then identifies the garbage bin so as to find the specific location of the garbage bin and the garbage status in the medical garbage bin. When the garbage in medical waste meets the recycling standard, it can be picked up by AGV and takes away from the laboratory. This method avoids the danger of direct contact between human body and medical waste.

Provable data possession (PDP) allows a client that has stored data at remote server to verify that the server correctly possesses the original data. A long-standing problem is how to reduce I/O cost. Through the integration of Online-code and PDP, a challenge/check protocol that can verifies the possession is proposed. The protocol generates probabilistic proofs of possession by sampling tiny sets of data, which obviously reduces I/O cost. Meanwhile, the protocol can recover corrupted data. The authors formalize this notion in the Robust/Recover (RR) provable data possession guarantee. Briefly speaking, the client maintains a constant amount of metadata to verify the proof. The challenge/check protocol transmits a constant amount of data, which reduces communication complexity. The authors give a detailed analysis of this protocol and build a simulation to evaluate practicability in reliability, space overhead, computation complexity, and communication complexity.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently used medications, though effective, are also associated with several adverse effects. Development of effective neuroprotective agents with fewer side-effects would be of clinical value. Previous studies have shown that withaferin compounds have a potential neuroprotective effect in nervous system disorders. However, the effect of withaferin compounds, especially withaferin A (WFA), on traumatic brain injury is unclear. In the present study, both in vivo and in vitro models were used to assess whether WFA could exert a neuroprotective effect after TBI and were used to explore the associated mechanisms. The results showed that WFA significantly improved neurobehavioral function in a dose-dependent fashion and alleviated histological alteration of injury to tissues in TBI mice. In vitro models of TBI revealed that dose-dependent WFA treatment increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, WFA treatment could attenuate blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema via suppressing apoptosis in endothelial cells. Furthermore, both our in vivo and in vitro results reveal that WFA treatment could significantly reduce levels of several neuroinflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), which correlate with an overall reduction in microglial activation. These data suggest that the neuroprotection by WFA is, at least in part, related to regulation of microglial activation and inhibition of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Taken together, these findings support further investigation of WFA as a promising therapeutic agent for promoting functional recovery after traumatic brain injury.

In order to meet the engineering requirements of non-contact measurement of impact load and realize the intelligent identification of its characteristic parameters, this paper attempts to establish a method to analyze and learn the audio characteristics generated by accidental loads, such as impact and explosion, and to identify the impact load characteristics in reverse. The method, which is based on energy conservation, momentum conservation and strokes law, used p-norm in mathematics to extract the basic characteristics of impact load, and the frequency analysis to find the inevitable connection between the audio characteristics impulse-induced and the impact load characteristics. At last, “Acoustic Discrimination for Impact Load Identification (ADII)” by adopting the functions of artificial neural networks about learning, categorization and generalization was implemented.

Glutathione (GSH) has been studied for its neuroprotection value in several diseases, but the effect of GSH on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. In this study, we examined the protective effects of GSH in an experimentally induced ICH model and investigated the relative mechanisms. Adult male C57BL/6j mice were randomized into Sham, ICH and GSH treatment groups. GSH was injected with the dose of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg once per day for 3 days, starting immediately after operation. The results revealed a GSH-mediated improvement of neurological deficits score (NDS), motor and sensory functions impairment in a dose-dependent manner three days post ICH (p 0.01, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 12; ICH, n = 9; GSH 50, n = 10; GSH 100, n = 10; GSH 200, n = 11) in addition to significantly reduced mortality rate (p = 0.2632, GSH 200 vs ICH. n = 12 per group) and damage volume (p 0.05, GSH 200 vs ICH. n = 12 per group). GSH treatment also attenuated injury measured by decreased brain edema (p 0.05, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 10; ICH, n = 10; GSH 200, n = 12), blood-brain barrier disruption (p 0.05, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 10; ICH, n = 10; GSH 200, n = 12), and histopathological damage (p 0.05, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 6; ICH, n = 6; GSH 200, n = 8) 72 h after ICH. In addition, GSH treatment also decreased cell apoptosis (p 0.01, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 6; ICH, n = 6; GSH 200, n = 8) and resulted in up-regulated protein expression of complex I (p 0.01, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 6; ICH, n = 6; GSH 200, n = 8), which was consistent with an overall up-regulation of complex I function in mitochondria using Oxygraph-2 K high resolution respirometry (p 0.05, GSH 200 vs ICH. Sham, n = 4; ICH, n = 5; GSH 200, n = 6). In conclusion, GSH effectively improved the prognosis of ICH mice by attenuating neurological impairment, decreasing neural damage, and inhibiting apoptosis. The neuroprotection by GSH resulted from the up-regulation of mitochondrial oxidative respiration function. The results of our study suggest that GSH can be a potential therapeutic agent for ICH.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a kind of data-intensive applications for wireless sensors networks, which usually requires high network bandwidth. However, the bandwidth of traditional single-radio single-channel (SR-SC) WSN is quite limited. In order to meet the requirement of structural monitoring, multi-radio multi-channel (MR-MC) WSN is emerging. In this paper, we address the optimal data collection problem in MR-MC WSN by modelling it as an integer linear programming problem. Combining the advantages of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and flower pollination optimization (FPA) algorithm, we propose a new hybrid algorithm BFPA-PSO to solve the optimization problem under the constraint of time slot and multi-power multi-radio multi-channel (MP-MR-MC). Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are carried out and the results show that the proposed method has good performance in improving network capacity as well as reducing energy consumption.

The 300mm single limb large size angle steels are applied in ZC3 tangent tower of ±1100kV UHVDC transmission line, and the highest strength of large size angle steels is Q420. Through the optimization design on the new type node of the arm main member and the tower body, the tower’s weight is reduced evidently. Economic analysis results show: Weight of the ZC3 tower which main member applies the 300mm large size angle steel is 5%-8% higher than that of the steel tube tower, 4%-11% lower than that of the combination angle steel tower. The success of full-scale test verified the reliability in design and manufacture of the towers of ±1100kV transmission line. Research results of this paper can be applied in UHVDC transmission line projects.

FEA model of a transmission tower was established. According to the monitoring data of the non-uniform settlement for the temporarily strengthened tower, the bearing capacity analyses were carried out with the wind loads of different velocities and directions. When the wind velocity is up to the design value, the stress of the main member exceeds the design stress by 34%. For the frequent velocity, stresses of all the members are lower than the design stress. By considering the settlements at the four foots are stochastic, one single installing program of the staying wires cannot decrease the stress of the members for all cases. For the settlement case which the member stress is up to the maximum value, the member stress decreases a little but even higher than the design value. By applying the large panel foundation, the bearing capacity of the tower can be enhanced significantly, and the settlement limit was determined by the structural analysis.

Driven by the energy situation, technological innovation and information technology, the new energy will be substantially connected to the grid; power electronic technology will be widely used in the manufacture of the electric power equipment; electricity networks are highly integrated with the information communication network. The development of grid pattern has put forward a series of challenges to power system simulation. This paper explains the development characteristics and research needs of the power system simulation, and forecasts the development trend of the power system simulation modeling technology.

High coherence of the laser is indispensable light sources in modern long or short-distance imaging systems, because the high coherence leads to coherent artifacts such as speckle that corrupt image formation. To deliver low coherence pulses in fiber amplifiers, we utilize the superluminescent pulsed light with broad bandwidth, nonlongitudinal mode structure and chaotic mode phase as the seed source of the cascaded fiber amplifiers. The influence of fiber superluminescent pulse amplification (SPA) on the limitations of the performance is analyzed. A review of our research results for SPA in the fibers are present, including the nonlinear theories of this low coherent light sources, i.e., self-focusing (SF), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and self-phase modulation (SPM) effects, and the experiment results of the nanosecond pulses with peak power as high as 4.8 MW and pulse energy as much as 55 mJ. To improve the brightness of SPA light in the future work, we introduce our novel evaluation term and a more reasonable criterion, which is denoted by a new parameter of brightness factor for active large mode area fiber designs. A core-doped active large pitch fiber with a core diameter of $190~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ and a mode-field diameter of $180~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ is designed by this method. The designed fiber allows near diffracted limited beam quality operation, and it can achieve 100 mJ pulse energy and 540 W average power by analyzing the mode coupling effects induced by heat.

This paper introduces a novel feature matching algorithm using both Image interpolating method and edge detecting method to make feature matching more precise. The proposed feature matching is composed of four elements: inputting data, interpolating method, features extracting and matching. At first, the tasks in human anatomy and the method to input slices data are introduced. Secondly, we propose a novel slices matching using image interpolating method and edge detecting method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach owns the properties both quickly and exactly.

Keywords: Plane node; Truss structure; Method of master-slave node; Stiffness matrix Abstract: In the process of finite element analysis about space truss structure, the problem of plane node must be dealt with. Generally, there are four methods about plane node, void- rod element method, removal freedom method, adding virtual spring method, method of beam element. In this paper a new treatment method of master-slave node is developed. The plane node unstable direction degrees of freedom and the direction of the master node degrees of freedom are tied together. This method has strong stability, will not affect the distribution of force in the model with high stability calculation.

This paper presents introduction for a QoS verification of on-chip interconnection based on the new progress of the industry, which combined with an AMD processor chip design for big data. Some verification experience in architectural modeling and simulation of on-chip interconnection is also introduced in this paper.

This paper studied on the clustering problem for intrusion detection with the theory of information entropy, it was put forward that the clustering problem for exact intrusion detection based on information entropy is NP-complete, therefore, the heuristic algorithm to solve the clustering problem for intrusion detection was designed, this algorithm has the characteristic of incremental development, it can deal with the database with large connection records from the internet.

Multicasting is a communication service that allows an application to efficiently transmit copies of data packets to a set of destination nodes. The problem of finding a minimum cost multicast tree can be formulated as a minimum Steiner tree problem in networks, which is NP-completeness. MPH (minimum path cost heuristic) algorithm is a famous solution to this problem. In this paper, we present a novel solution TPMPH (two phase minimum path cost heuristic) to improve the MPH by generating the nodes and the edges of multicast tree separately. The cost of multicast tree generated by the proposed algorithm with the same time as MPH is no more than that of MPH in the worst case. Extensive simulation results show that TPMPH can effectively improve the performance on MPH, and performs better in large-scale networks and wireless networks.

With the promotion of tube tower in transmission line, to improve processing efficiency and quality, the substitute of butt welded forged flanges for traditional flange is become the trend of future development. With solid elements and contact elements of the general-purpose finite element software ANSYS, this paper analyzes the mechanical characteristics of forged flanges with neck, summarizes characteristics of stress distribution of the flange and bolt group, and contrast the bolt axial force extracted with the test data by the true scale tower test, which proved that the analysis of the flange using solid elements and contact elements is feasible. Suggestion of measurement of flange force in the test is given according to the characteristics of the bolt force.

802.11i is the latest security protocol of WLAN, providing confidentiality, integrity and mutual authentication schemes. The paper analyzed the 4-way handshake mechanism of 802.11i protocol, and pointed out the weakness of 4-way handshake protocol flaws and possible attacks. Two improved mechanisms are proposed: 1. ANonce encryption, the transmission of plaintext of ANonce in the method is avoided and enhanced the message1's security. 2. Message1 integrity detection method, the method for messages 1 MIC verification, to ensure the integrity of the message 1. Finally analyzes the security of improvement mechanism.

The steel tower applying large size angel steel which limb width exceeds 200mm is characterized with good integrity of material, clear force transmission, simple node structure, saving bolts and filling plate, convenient assembly and erection etc advantages. Technical and economic advantage of Q420 large size angle steel tower has been validated in ±800kv ultra-high DC Jinping-Sunan power transmission line engineering. It has been become a tendency to use Q420 large size angle steel to substitute angle steel tower with large design carrying capacity of common combined specification (limb width is 200mm and below). This paper makes thorough analysis and summary on application condition, application characteristic, technology and economy of application, design and research of application, application principle etc of Q420 large size angle steel.

Minus eccentric connection for steel tube joint could diminish the size of joint board and the windward area. According to investigations in China and other countries, there's no report about study on eccentric K-joint with high-neck forging flange connecting chord member from any research institute or scholar. Consequently, two sizes of steel tubes are selected to design two kinds of K-joint, in which their chord members are controlled correspondingly by intensity and by stability. Based on joint tests and finite element analysis, conclusions are obtained as follows. (1) As to K-joint in which its chord member is loaded by pressure and controlled by intensity, chord members on the side of tension bracing member and in the middle of joint board appear local flections when overloaded 32.5%, while there's no flexion on flange or joint board. (2) As to K-joint in which its chord member is loaded by tension and controlled by intensity, chord member is stretched in length and shrunk in diameter when overloaded 45%, flange plates are distorted slightly, while there's no flexion on flange neck or bracing member. (3) As to K-joint in which its chord member is loaded by pressure and controlled by stability, chord member on the side of tension bracing member is bent in the middle when overloaded 30%, while there's no flexion on flange or joint board.(4) As to eccentric K-joint with high-neck forging flange in which its chord member is controlled by intensity, proper minus eccentricity could diminish the size of joint board and eccentricity barely affects the bearing capacity of chord member, which could be used efficiently. (5) As to eccentric K-joint with high-neck forging flange in which its chord member is controlled by stability, K-joint is mainly bent totally in chord member, while effects on flange and joint are slight. Effects of slenderness ratio and eccentricity on bearing capacity of chord member should be studied further. Study on this new joint type is greatly advanced, which provides technical support and reference for future research on new joint types of steel tube transmission tower.

Threshold segmentation is the fastest method of defect detection in the modern defect inspection system based on computer vision. But in the real paper defect detection system, the segmentation thresholds usually change with the paper image luminance which is influenced by many factors. In order to resolve this problem, an adaptive threshold segmentation method based on BP neural network is proposed in this paper. For this method, BP neural network models are created and trained to obtain the segmentation thresholds according to the image luminance and the defects are segmented with these thresholds obtained by the network. This method is especially suitable for detecting three typical types of paper defects: dark spot, light spot and hole. The experiment results indicate that this method is efficient and can be applied to modern paper defect inspection system.

Based on the detection requirements of automotive fastener, using the control method of the machine-electron-liquid, the closedown force of automotive fastener was researched, and realization method. The detection of closedown force need a simulated environment, the paper adopt hydraulic servo load simulation environment, using the proportion servo valve control hydraulic damper throttling to adjust the size of the damping force, and constitute closed servo control system, and realize simulating load control. The technology was used in actual testing, testing precision meets the requirement.

Dynamic analysis of a typical transmission line section under strong wind was carried out. Firstly, according to the design conditions of the typical transmission line section, a three dimensional finite element analysis model of cup tower-stay frame tower-conductor-ground wire-insulator system was established in ANSYS. The initial tension force of the conductors was applied by the cooling method. Before the wind-induced vibration analysis, the form-finding analysis of conductors under self weight was carried out. Secondly, time history of the impulsive wind velocity was generated by spectral representation method. Time history of the impulsive wind velocity can be obtained by Fourier transformation in MATLAB program. The average wind pressure is applied to the tower line system by static method, and the impulsive wind pressure is applied by transient dynamic method. Thirdly, for the wind load case of design velocity, the wind-induced responses of the typical transmission line section were analyzed. Effect of the structural damping was considered by Rayleigh damping coefficients. Nonlinear transient analysis was employed for the wind-induced dynamic analysis of transmission line system. Under different wind velocities and directions, some wind-induced responses were obtained, which includes the tension forces of the conductors and the ground wires, axial forces of the towers, and the tension forces of the stray frame tower. Lastly, based on the analyzed results, the prewarning wind velocity for the typical transmission line section was determined. Some strengthen suggestions for the tower design in the strong wind zone was presented.

Impact loads from ice shedding and broken conductors are common for transmission lines in accreted ice zone, which can bring threaten to the safe operation of the transmission lines. Dynamic analysis of the conductors in transmission lines under two typical impact loads were carried out. Firstly, a finite element model of seven span conductors in transmission line was established in general software ANSYS. Secondly, a time history of the input loading was proposed for the ice shedding load case. Dynamic responses of jumping heights and the reaction forces at the end of insulators were calculated by the implicit dynamic analysis. Some variables were considered in the ice-shedding simulations that include thickness of the accreted ice, length of the ice-shedding span as well as elevation difference. Influences of all the variables on the dynamic responses under ice shedding were studied. Thirdly, the broken load case can be realized by birth-death element method in ANSYS. Stiffness of the broken conductor or insulator element was changed to be a near zero value in a very short time. Dynamic responses of displacements at the broken points, tension forces of the conductors and the reaction forces of the insulators were obtained. Lastly, based on the analysis results, the impact factors under ice shedding and broken conductor load cases were determined, which provide important reference for the design of transmission lines in accreted ice zone.

Application of high-neck flange of steel tube tower in China and other countries is investigated. Based on the theoretical and experimental research of China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) about high-neck flange with strength of Q345, which corresponds to Chinese criterion, axial tension tests about Q420 and Q460 high-neck forging flanges are carried through. It is suggested that the side of small diameter tube of butt welding flange should be strengthened in design. It is also found that steel tube near the butt weld, straight neck of flange and bolts are all under eccentrically bearing states. Bearing capacities of Q460 high-neck butt welding flanges designed by flexible and rigid ideas are also compared primarily. Feasibility and security for Q420 and Q460 high strength high-neck forging flanges used in steel tube transmission towers are testified, which provides technical support for their application in UHV transmission project and for future researches.

The current paper investigates a destructive accident of Zhengxiang transmission line, in which there was six-tower collapse that might be demonstrably conducted by the downburst gust. Based on the dynamic stress analysis of tower members under the strong wind, tower collapse procedure is simulated by finite element method. Finite element method together with material nonlinearity, large deformation, contact, etc, is adopted to model the accident transmission line. Implicit and explicit method are both incorporated for the time integration in the dynamic analysis. Since the accident downburst gust have not been detailedly observed, the strong wind model and the simple gust model are experientially specified as the load boundary condition. The calculation results show that, maximum stress values of some tower members exceeds design values under the specified strong wind and then may overload tower members. With the specified downburst load, tower collapses will occur, and the broken-down tower in the simulation is very similar with real one. The introduced numerical models are effective and available to calculate the transmission line accident further.

A noncontact measurement method of rotating object plane parameters were studied based on the geometrical optics principle and the computer vision technology. The method principle is that the laser, which reflects from the measured object, forms a track on the receiver with the object rotating. Then, CCD camera adopts images of the track and the plane parameters are obtained by processing the images. Mathematic model for the measurement was established from geometry optics and an experimental system for the measurement was developed. The results from the experimental system were compared with data of the eddy current sensor measuring. And the comparison shows that the measurement method is feasible.

Hierarchical finite state machine (HFSM) has proven to be a powerful tool for controlling Non-player characters (NPCs) in computer games due to its flexibility and modularity. For most implementations, however, it is often the case that the control details at all levels are hand-coded. As a result, the development process is often time intensive and error prone. In this paper, we explore the use of a hierarchical reinforcement learning approach, based on Hierarchies of Abstract Machines (HAMs), to help overcome some of these limitations. We analyse in detail both HAMs and its use for designing HFSM, propose two HAMs-related machines, and make a preliminary experiment: applying HAMs to design NPCs' behavior and implementing it in Quake2. The result shows that this method can satisfy the need for controlling NPC and has faster convergence speed than flat reinforcement learning.

The lateral vibration of the high-speed rotation slice-disk is controlled using the hydrodynamic film and the control of the disk was studied by the finite element method and the experimental measurement. The slice-disk was meshed by elements of the fan-shaped grid. A dynamic equation of the rotation disk was established by the Lagrange equation and the theory of the hydrodynamic lubrication. The static and dynamic characteristics of the disk system were analyzed by the equation. A special experiment set was developed and used to measure the lateral vibration displacement of the disk. The measured data were compared with the theoretical analysis. The comparison shows that the dynamic equation established is correct. And present work gives a technique method of decreasing the lateral vibration of and increasing the stability.

The problem of data packet dropout induced by communication network in networked control systems (NCSs) is studied in this paper. Data packet dropout for both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator is considered and an output feedback controller is designed to guarantee the NCS exponentially stable with some decay rate on the basis of linear matrix inequality (LMI). A numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach.

In the HRL field, there are several main methods such as HAMs, options, MAXQ. These methods all rely on the theory of SMDPs. However, SMDPs does not specify how the overall task can be decomposed into a collection of subtasks. This paper introduces the concept of “policy-coupled” SMDPs into HAMs. It defines the concept of HAM-decomposable and makes the relations among the HAM machine, HAM-decomposable, and “policy-coupled” SMDPs clear. It also proves that HAMs is suitable for solving the “policy-coupled” SMDPs problem. Based on these, this paper gives a method for hierarchical decomposition on a class of “policy-coupled” SMDPs with a DAG call graph and presents a precondition that can be used for determining whether or not can generate a valid hierarchical decomposition. Lastly, a typical experiment is tested for illustrating the characteristics of this method.

In order to guarantee the QoS for multimedia data transmission over Wireless Ad hoc network, the data flow entering the node was regulated by leaky bucket, and the node provided Rate-Latency service for the flow. We had derived the end-to-end upper jitter bound for wireless ad hoc network based on the existing link throughput model using network calculus theory, for grid network topologies, all simulated results were bounded by theoretical results, these show the end-to-end upper jitter bound model perform well.

Research work on textile reinforced concrete (TRC for short) and Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC for short) has been carried out to improve durability and service life of structures recently. Combining both advantages of TRC and ECC, this paper associates both carbon textile and short-cut PVA fiber as reinforcements for investigating a new anti-cracking technique of concrete structure, which can make the cracks innocuously disperse and improve the load bearing capacity. Accordingly, a kind of predominant composite material with excellent abilities of crack resisting and controlling is developed. Influences of the surface treatment of textile, the water-binder ratio, the volume fraction of PVA fiber on crack resisting and the load bearing capacity of the tested component have been investigated using the experiments on four-point bending specimens. As a result, the material shows prominent toughness and superior crack controlling with multiple fine cracks; the surface treatments of textile obviously improve bond properties between roving and ECC; the integrated performances of this composite material are improved evidently with just 0.5% increase of the volume content of PVA fiber.

In this paper, we analyze the symbol-error-rate (SER) performance for a two-user amplify-and-forward cooperative system. By making use of M-PSK modulation, the closed-form SER formulation and corresponding upper bound are derived first. According to the SER performance analysis, the impact of relay location is discussed by making use of a simple line topology. If the power allocation to the source and relay is equal, we can draw an interesting conclusion that the SER performance in such topology shows a symmetry property and the optimum relay location is just in the middle with respect to the source and destination.